bindService启动服务的特点
相比于用startService启动的Service，bindService启动的服务具有如下特点:
1. bindService启动的服务在调用者和服务之间是典型的client-server的接口，即调用者是客户端，service是服务端，service就一个，但是连接绑定到service上面的客户端client可以是一个或多个。这里特别要说明的是，这里所提到的client指的是组件，比如某个Activity。
2. 客户端client（即调用bindService的一方，比如某个Activity）可以通过IBinder接口获取Service的实例，从而可以实现在client端直接调用Service中的方法以实现灵活的交互，并且可借助IBinder实现跨进程的client-server的交互，这在纯startService启动的Service中是无法实现的。
3. 不同于startService启动的服务默认无限期执行（可以通过Context的stopService或Service的stopSelf方法停止运行），bindService启动的服务的生命周期与其绑定的client息息相关。当client销毁的时候，client会自动与Service解除绑定，当然client也可以通过明确调用Context的unbindService方法与Service解除绑定。当没有任何client与Service绑定的时候，Service会自行销毁（通过startService启动的除外）。
4. startService和bindService二者执行的回调方法不同：startService启动的服务会涉及Service的的onStartCommand回调方法，而通过bindService启动的服务会涉及Service的onBind、onUnbind等回调方法。
bindService代码示例
使用bindService主要分两种情形:
1. Service的调用者client与Service在同一个App中；
2. Service的调用者client是App1中的一个Activity，而Service是App2中的Service，client与service分属两个App，这种情形下主要用于实现跨进程的通信。
为了简单起见，本文只讨论第一种情形，即Service的调用者client与Service在同一个App中，该情形也是我们在实际开发中用到最多的情形。如果想了解通过bindService在两个不同的进程中让客户端与Service通信，可参见另一篇博文《Android中通过Messenger与Service实现进程间双向通信》。
下面我们通过一个例子演示一下第一种情形下bindService的基本使用流程。
首先我们有一个TestService，该类继承自Service，其是client-server接口中的server端。我们在其主要的生命周期回调方法中都加入了输出语句。TestService代码如下:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">package</span> com.ispring.startservicedemo;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.app.Service;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.content.Intent;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.os.Binder;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.os.IBinder;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.util.Log;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> java.util.Random;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">TestService</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Service</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MyBinder</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Binder</span>{</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> TestService <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getService</span>(){
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> TestService.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>;
}
}
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//通过binder实现调用者client与Service之间的通信</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> MyBinder binder = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> MyBinder();
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> Random generator = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Random();
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>() {
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"TestService -> onCreate, Thread: "</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName());
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate();
}
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onStartCommand</span>(Intent intent, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> flags, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> startId) {
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"TestService -> onStartCommand, startId: "</span> + startId + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">", Thread: "</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName());
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> START_NOT_STICKY;
}
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> IBinder <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onBind</span>(Intent intent) {
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"TestService -> onBind, Thread: "</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName());
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> binder;
}
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">boolean</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onUnbind</span>(Intent intent) {
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"TestService -> onUnbind, from:"</span> + intent.getStringExtra(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"from"</span>));
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>;
}
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onDestroy</span>() {
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"TestService -> onDestroy, Thread: "</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName());
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onDestroy();
}
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//getRandomNumber是Service暴露出去供client调用的公共方法</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getRandomNumber</span>(){
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> generator.nextInt();
}
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li></ul>
在该App中，除了TestService，还有两个Activity: ActivityA和ActivityB，它们都是Service的调用者，即client-server接口中的client。
ActivityA是App的启动界面，界面如下:
ActivityA的代码如下:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">package</span> com.ispring.startservicedemo;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.app.Activity;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.content.ComponentName;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.content.Intent;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.content.ServiceConnection;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.os.Bundle;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.os.IBinder;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.util.Log;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.view.View;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.widget.Button;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ActivityA</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Activity</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Button</span>.<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">OnClickListener</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> TestService service = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">boolean</span> isBound = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> ServiceConnection conn = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ServiceConnection() {
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onServiceConnected</span>(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) {
isBound = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>;
TestService.MyBinder myBinder = (TestService.MyBinder)binder;
service = myBinder.getService();
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityA onServiceConnected"</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> num = service.getRandomNumber();
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityA 中调用 TestService的getRandomNumber方法, 结果: "</span> + num);
}
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onServiceDisconnected</span>(ComponentName name) {
isBound = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>;
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityA onServiceDisconnected"</span>);
}
};
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_a);
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityA -> onCreate, Thread: "</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onClick</span>(View v) {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(v.getId() == R.id.btnBindService){
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//单击了“bindService”按钮</span>
Intent intent = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Intent(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>, TestService.class);
intent.putExtra(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"from"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityA"</span>);
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"----------------------------------------------------------------------"</span>);
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityA 执行 bindService"</span>);
bindService(intent, conn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(v.getId() == R.id.btnUnbindService){
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//单击了“unbindService”按钮</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(isBound){
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"----------------------------------------------------------------------"</span>);
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityA 执行 unbindService"</span>);
unbindService(conn);
}
}<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(v.getId() == R.id.btnStartActivityB){
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//单击了“start ActivityB”按钮</span>
Intent intent = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Intent(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>, ActivityB.class);
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"----------------------------------------------------------------------"</span>);
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityA 启动 ActivityB"</span>);
startActivity(intent);
}<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(v.getId() == R.id.btnFinish){
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//单击了“Finish”按钮</span>
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"----------------------------------------------------------------------"</span>);
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityA 执行 finish"</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.finish();
}
}
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onDestroy</span>() {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onDestroy();
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityA -> onDestroy"</span>);
}
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">69</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">70</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">71</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">72</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">73</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">74</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">75</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">76</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">77</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">78</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">79</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">80</li></ul>
通过单击ActivityA上的“start ActivityB”可以启动ActivityB，ActivityB的界面如下:
ActivityB的代码如下:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">package</span> com.ispring.startservicedemo;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.app.Activity;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.content.ComponentName;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.content.Intent;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.content.ServiceConnection;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.os.Bundle;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.os.IBinder;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.util.Log;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.view.View;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.widget.Button;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ActivityB</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Activity</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Button</span>.<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">OnClickListener</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> TestService service = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">boolean</span> isBound = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> ServiceConnection conn = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ServiceConnection() {
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onServiceConnected</span>(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) {
isBound = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>;
TestService.MyBinder myBinder = (TestService.MyBinder)binder;
service = myBinder.getService();
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityB onServiceConnected"</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> num = service.getRandomNumber();
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityB 中调用 TestService的getRandomNumber方法, 结果: "</span> + num);
}
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onServiceDisconnected</span>(ComponentName name) {
isBound = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>;
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityB onServiceDisconnected"</span>);
}
};
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_b);
}
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onClick</span>(View v) {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(v.getId() == R.id.btnBindService){
Intent intent = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Intent(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>, TestService.class);
intent.putExtra(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"from"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityB"</span>);
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"----------------------------------------------------------------------"</span>);
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityB 执行 bindService"</span>);
bindService(intent, conn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(v.getId() == R.id.btnUnbindService){
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(isBound){
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"----------------------------------------------------------------------"</span>);
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityB 执行 unbindService"</span>);
unbindService(conn);
}
}<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(v.getId() == R.id.btnFinish){
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//单击了“Finish”按钮</span>
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"----------------------------------------------------------------------"</span>);
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityB 执行 finish"</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.finish();
}
}
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onDestroy</span>(){
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onDestroy();
Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"DemoLog"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ActivityB -> onDestroy"</span>);
}
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">69</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">70</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">71</li></ul>
我们暂时不点击上面的按钮，先看一下TestService和ActivityA的代码。
调用者（客户端client）要想和Service进行交互，那么Service和调用者必须都要做好准备。
我们先看Service要做的工作。
使用bindService将client与server联系在一起的关键是binder，在TestService中，我们在其中写了一个内部类MyBinder，该类有个公共方法getService，通过该方法我们可以获取包含MyBinder的TestService。如果想要自己的Service支持bindService启动方式，就必须在Service的onBind中返回一个IBinder类型的实例。在示例中，我们实例化了一个MyBinder的实例binder作为TestService的字段，并且将其作为onBind的返回值。
我们总结一下如果想让Service支持bindService调用方式，Service需要做以下事情:
1. 在Service的onBind方法中返回IBinder类型的实例。
2. onBind方法返回的IBinder的实例需要能够返回Service实例本身或者通过binder暴露出Service公共方法。通常情况下，最简单明了的做法就是将binder弄成Service的内部类，然后在binder中加入类似于getService之类的方法返回包含binder的Service，这样client可以通过该方法得到Service实例。
我们已经知道了Service需要做的事情，我们接下来看一下调用者需要做的工作。
在我们的示例中，调用者（也就是客户端client）是ActivityA，我们在其中初始化了一个ServiceConnection类型的实例，需要重写其onServiceConnected方法以及onServiceDisconnected方法。我们需要将这个ServiceConnection类型的实例作为参数传给bindService方法，当Service还没有创建的时候，Android会先创建Service的实例，然后执行Service的onBind方法，得到IBinder类型的实例，将该方法作为参数传入client端的ServiceConnection的onServiceConnected方法中，onServiceConnected方法的执行表明client端可以获取到Service的IBinder类型的实例，然后将IBinder转换为自己实际的Binder类型，然后可以通过其直接获取Service的实例或者通过Binder直接执行公共方法，这取决于Service中Binder的具体实现。在本例中，在onServiceConnected方法中，调用者ActivityA通过binder的getService方法获取到了与其对应的Service，然后我们就可以直接调用Service的公共方法以达到使用Service的目的，这样client与Service之间就通过IBinder建立了连接，从而进行交互。当client与Service失去连接时会触发onServiceDisconnected方法。
我们总结一下client端要做的事情:
1. 创建ServiceConnection类型的实例，并重写其onServiceConnected方法和onServiceDisconnected方法。
2. 当Android执行onServiceConnected回调方法时，我们可以通过IBinder实例得到Service的实例对象或直接调用binder的公共方法，这样就实现了client与Service的连接。
3. 当Android执行onServiceDisconnected回调方法时，表示client与Service之间断开了连接，我们在此处要写一些断开连接后需要做的处理。
在知道了如何让client与Service进行交互之后，我们运行我们的App，观察各个回调方法的执行过程，我们有三个测试流程。
测试流程A
该测试涉及到ActivityA，但不涉及ActivityB.
首先我们点击ActivityA中的“bindService”按钮，然后点击”unbindService”按钮，输出结果如下所示:
首先，通过上面的代码我们可以看到Service中执行的回调方法都是执行在主线程中的。
当我们调用bindService方法时，我们需要将Intent、ServiceConnection等实例传入，Intent包含了我们要绑定的Service，ServiceConnection我们在上面提到过，实现了其onServiceConnected方法和onServiceDisconnected方法。 在调用了bindService之后，由于Service此时还不存在，那么Android就会首先创建一个TestService的实例，并执行其onCreate回调方法，onCreate方法在其生命周期中只会被调用一次。然后会调用Service的onBind方法，该方法只有在第一次bindService调用后才会执行，onBind执行后会返回一个IBinder类型的实例，此时Android会将该IBinder实例存起来，这个IBinder实例是对所有client共享的。当下次其他的client执行bindService的时候，不会再执行onBind方法，因为我们之前已经得到了一个IBinder实例，Android会直接使用这个IBinder实例。 在得到了IBinder实例之后，Android会执行client端ServiceConnection中的onServiceConnected方法，在该方法中我们会得到IBinder实例，并通过该IBinder实例得到了TestService实例，这样我们的客户端ActivityA就通过IBinder与TestService建立了连接，我们就可以调用TestService的公共方法，比如调用其getRandomNumber方法获得随机数。
总结一下调用bindService之后发生的事情:
client 执行 bindService ->
如果Service不存在，Service 执行 onCreate ->
如果没有执行过onBind，Service 执行 onBind ->
client的实例ServiceConnection 执行 onServiceConnected
在执行了bindService之后，一共有一个client连接到了TestService，即ActivityA，每次client在调用了unbindService方法之后，该client会与Service解除绑定，在与某个client解除绑定之后，Service会检测是否还有其他的client与其连接绑定，如果没有其他任何client与其处于连接状态，那么Service会执行onUnbind方法，然后执行onDestroy方法，最终销毁自己。当ActivityA执行unbindService的时候，唯一的一个client与TestService解除了绑定的关系，TestService就执行了onUnbind方法，进而执行onDestroy方法。
总结一下调用unbindService之后发生的事情:
client 执行 unbindService ->
client 与 Service 解除绑定连接状态 ->
Service 检测是否还有其他client与其连接，如果没有 ->
Service 执行onUnbind ->
Service 执行onDestroy
测试流程B
我们在测试完第一种流程后，关掉App，重启App，进行第二种测试流程。
该测试也只涉及ActivityA，不涉及ActivityB。首先先点击ActivityA中的“bindService”按钮，然后点击”Finish”按钮，输出结果如下图所示:
在该测试中，我们首先通过点击”bindService”按钮，使得ActivityA绑定了TestService，但是我们没有调用unbindService，而是直接通过调用“Finish”按钮让ActivityA直接销毁，通过上面的输出结果我们可以看到，在ActivityA销毁的时候，执行了ActivityA的onDestroy回调方法，之后TestService依次执行了onUnbind、onDestroy回调方法，TestService销毁。client与Service通过bindService连接起来之后，如果client销毁，那么client会自动与Service解除绑定，相当于在destroy之前会执行unbindService，在ActivityA销毁之后，ActivityA与Service解除了绑定，此时再没有client与Service处于连接绑定状态，这样Service就会执行onUnbind回调方法，表示没有client和我玩了，最后执行onDestroy回调方法。
测试流程C
我们在之前的两次测试流程中都只涉及ActivtityA，本测试流程会同时涉及ActivityA以及ActivityB。
首先关掉App，重启App，按照以下步骤测试:
1. 点击ActivityA中的”bindService”按钮
2. 点击ActivityA中的”start ActivityB”按钮，界面切换到ActivityB
3. 点击ActivityB中的”bindService”按钮
4. 点击ActivityB中的”unbindService”按钮
5. 点击ActivityB中的”Finish”按钮
6. 点击ActivityA中的”unbindService”按钮
LogCat输出结果如下:
下面我们依次分析每一步产生的影响，以便于完整地理解通过bindService启动的Service的生命周期:
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点击ActivityA中的”bindService”按钮
由于初始情况下TestService实例不存在，也就是TestService没有运行。第一次调用bindService会实例化TestService，然后会执行其onBind方法，得到IBinder类型的实例，然后将其作为参数传入ActivityA的ServiceConnection的onServiceConnected方法中，标志着ActivityA与TestService建立了绑定连接，此时只有ActivityA这一个客户端client与TestService绑定。
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点击ActivityA中的”start ActivityB”按钮，界面切换到ActivityB
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点击ActivityB中的”bindService”按钮
由于TestService已经处于运行状态，所以ActivityB调用bindService时，不会重新创建TestService的实例，所以也不会执行TestService的onCreate回调方法，由于在ActivityA执行bindService的时候就已经执行了TestService的onBind回调方法而获取IBinder实例，并且该IBinder实例在所有的client之间是共享的，所以当ActivityB执行bindService的时候，不会执行其onBind回调方法，而是直接获取上次已经获取到的IBinder实例。并将其作为参数传入ActivityB的ServiceConnection的onServiceConnected方法中，标志着ActivityB与TestService建立了绑定连接，此时有两个客户单client（ActivityA和ActivityB）与TestService绑定。
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点击ActivityB中的”unbindService”按钮
ActivityB执行了unbindService之后，ActivityB就与TestService解除了绑定。当没有任何client与Service处于绑定连接状态的时候，TestService才会执行onUnbind方法、onDestroy方法。但是由于此时还有ActivityA这个client与TestService处于绑定连接中，所以不会执行Service的onBind及onDestroy回调方法。
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点击ActivityB中的”Finish”按钮
执行了ActivityB的finish方法后，ActivityB销毁了，界面返回到ActivityA
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点击ActivityA中的”unbindService”按钮
ActivityA执行unbindService之后，ActivityA与TestService就解除绑定了，这样就没有客户端client与TestService相连，这时候Android会销毁TestService，在销毁前会先执行TestService的onUnbind方法，然后才会执行其onDestroy方法，这样TestService就销毁了。
bindService生命周期流程图
这里特别要说明的是，本文所提到的client指的是组件Component，比如某个Activity。如果在某一个Activity中，多次调用bindService方法连接Service，那么对于Service来说，这个Activity也只是一个client，而不是多个client。
最后我们将bindService启动的Service的生命周期总结为如下的流程图:
希望本文对大家了解bindService的使用有所帮助。
