27:活用Android的Message Queue(2/3)
认识Android的Message Queue(2/3)
1. 复习Message Queue的角色
在上一篇里,介绍了Android的Thread、Looper、Message Queue和Handler四者间之关系。
兹先复习如下:
l UI thread 通常就是main thread,而Android启动程序时(即诞生Process时)会替它建立一个Message Queue。
l 当然需要一个Looper之对象,来管理该Message Queue。
l 我们可以诞生Handler之对象来push新讯息到Message Queue里;或者接收Looper(从Message Queue取出)所送来的讯息。
l 线程A的Handler对象参考可以传递给别的线程,让别的线程B或C等能送讯息来给线程A(存于A的Message Queue里)。
l 线程A的Message Queue里的讯息,只有线程A所属的对象可以处理之。
了解了四者间之关系后,在本篇里,就能来思考如何让主线程与子线程之间互相沟通了。包括,子线程push讯息到主线程的Message Queue里,并触发主线程去执行某项工作(即执行某个函数)。
2. 由别的线程送讯息到主线程的Message Queue(续)
在上一篇文章里,使用如下程序片段:
// class ac01 extends Activity {
// ………
public void onClick(View v) {
switch(v.getId()){
case 101:
t = new myThread();
t.start();
break;
case 102:
finish();
break;
}
}
//------------------------------------------------------
class EHandler extends Handler {
public EHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
tv.setText((String)msg.obj);
}
}
//------------------------------------------------------
class myThread extends Thread{
private EHandler mHandler;
public void run() {
Looper myLooper, mainLooper;
myLooper = Looper.myLooper();
mainLooper = Looper.getMainLooper();
String obj;
if(myLooper == null){
mHandler = new EHandler(mainLooper);
obj = "current thread has no looper!";
}
else {
mHandler = new EHandler(myLooper);
obj = "This is from current thread.";
}
mHandler.removeMessages(0);
Message m = mHandler.obtainMessage(1, 1, 1, obj);
mHandler.sendMessage(m);
}
}
}
这个mHandler定义于myThread类别里,而且由子线程执行指令:
mHandler = new EHandler(mainLooper);
来诞生EHandler之物件;但是这个mHandler确是属于main线程的(用来存取主线程的MessageQueue),所以指令:
mHandler.sendMessage(m);
是将m丢到主线程的MessageQueue里。
此外,我们也可以将mHandler定义于ac01类别里。如下程序范例:
//----- Looper_03范例 -----
package com.misoo.kx04;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class ac01 extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private final int WC = LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
private final int FP = LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT;
public TextView tv;
private myThread t;
private Button btn, btn2;
EventHandler h;
Context ctx;
public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {
super.onCreate(icicle);
ctx = this;
LinearLayout layout = new LinearLayout(this);
layout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
btn = new Button(this);
btn.setId(101);
btn.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.heart);
btn.setText("test looper");
btn.setOnClickListener(this);
LinearLayout.LayoutParams param =
new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(100,50);
param.topMargin = 10;
layout.addView(btn, param);
btn2 = new Button(this);
btn2.setId(102);
btn2.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.ok_blue);
btn2.setText("exit");
btn2.setOnClickListener(this);
layout.addView(btn2, param);
tv = new TextView(this);
tv.setTextColor(Color.WHITE);
tv.setText("");
LinearLayout.LayoutParams param2 =
new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(FP, WC);
param2.topMargin = 10;
layout.addView(tv, param2);
setContentView(layout);
}
public void onClick(View v) {
switch(v.getId()){
case 101:
h = new EventHandler(Looper.myLooper());
t = new myThread();
t.start();
break;
case 102:
finish();
break;
}
}
//------------------------------------------------
public class EventHandler extends Handler {
public EventHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
((Activity)ctx).setTitle((String)msg.obj);
}
}
//------------------------------------------------------
class myThread extends Thread{
public void run() {
String obj = "from myThread";
Message m = h.obtainMessage(1, 1, 1, obj);
h.sendMessage(m);
}
}
}
//------------------------------------------------------
指令:
h = new EventHandler(Looper.myLooper());
此h是属于main线程的(用来存取主线程的MessageQueue)。在myThread类别里的指令:
h.sendMessage(m);
虽然是由子线程执行该指令,还是将m丢到主线程的MessageQueue里。于是,子线程所执行的run()函数,就顺利将m丢给主线程(的Message Queue),并触发了主线程去执行handleMessage()函数了。显示出画面如下:
图1
上述的指令:
myLooper = Looper.myLooper();
mainLooper = Looper.getMainLooper();
………
mHandler = new EHandler(mainLooper);
………
mHandler = new EHandler(myLooper);
………
都明显地指明mHandler是负责存取哪一个线程的Message Queue。不过,有时候并不需要特别指明。例如上述的onClick()函数和EventHandler类别,可改写为:
//----- Looper_03aa 范例 -----
// class ac01 extends Activity {
// ………
public void onClick(View v) {
switch(v.getId()){
case 101:
h = new EventHandler();
t = new myThread();
t.start();
break;
case 102:
finish();
break;
}
}
//------------------------------------------------
public class EventHandler extends Handler {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
((Activity)ctx).setTitle((String)msg.obj);
}
}
//------------------------------------------------------
class myThread extends Thread{
public void run() {
String obj = "from myThread";
Message m = h.obtainMessage(1, 1, 1, obj);
h.sendMessage(m);
}
}
}
指令:h = new EventHandler();
就等于:h = new EventHandler(Looper.myLooper());
它建立了目前线程(Current Thread)的EventHandler对象。于此,是由main线程执行此指令的,所以此EventHandler对象是用来存取main线程的Message Queue。
上述程序将handleMessage()定义于EventHandler类别内,也可以直接定义于ac01类别之内。于是上述程序,也相当于:
//----- Looper_03bb 范例 -----
// class ac01 extends Activity {
// ………
public void onClick(View v) {
switch(v.getId()){
case 101:
h = new Handler(){
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
((Activity)ctx).setTitle((String)msg.obj);
}};
t = new myThread();
t.start();
break;
case 102:
finish();
break;
}
}
//------------------------------------------------------
class myThread extends Thread{
public void run() {
String obj = "from myThread...";
Message m = h.obtainMessage(1, 1, 1, obj);
h.sendMessage(m);
}
}
}
其执行结果是一样的。