上一篇链接:RecyclerView与ListView对比浅析(一):初始化篇
(二)View缓存篇
1. AbsListView(源码版本4.4)
RecyclerBin是AbsListView中专门处理View缓存的类,官方注释中说明其存有两组View——ActiveViews和ScrapViews,前者是当前Layout中正在显示的View,后者是已在屏幕范围外可重用的View,还有一组TransientStateViews属于ScrapViews的特殊情况,在查找View时会用到。
变量:
mRecyclerListener:当发生View回收时,mRecyclerListener若有注册,则会通知给注册者.RecyclerListener接口只有一个函数onMovedToScrapHeap,指明某个view被回收到了scrapheap. 该view不再被显示,任何相关的昂贵资源应该被丢弃。该函数是处理回收时view中的资源释放。
mFirstActivePosition:存储在mActiveViews中的第一个view的位置,即getFirstVisiblePosition。
mActiveViews:布局开始时屏幕显示的view,这个数组会在布局开始时填充,布局结束后所有view被移至mScrapViews。
mScrapViews:可以被适配器用作convertview的无序view数组。这个ArrayList就是adapter中getView方法中的参数convertView的来源。注意:这里是一个数组,因为如果adapter中数据有多种类型,那么就会有多个ScrapViews。
mViewTypeCount:view类型总数,列表中可能有多种数据类型,比如内容数据和分割符。
mCurrentScrap:跟mScrapViews的区别是,mScrapViews是个队列数组,ArrayList<View>[]类型,数组长度为mViewTypeCount,而默认ViewTypeCount= 1的情况下mCurrentScrap=mScrapViews[0]。
下面三个参数分别对应addScrapView中scrapHasTransientState的三个情况(这种情况的View一般用于动画播放):
mTransientStateViews:如果数据未变化,则可在老位置进行复用
mTransientStateViewsById:如果Adapter有StableID,则可以对相同的数据复用View
mSkippedScrap:其他情况下,只能Remove掉再Create了。
下面分析下RecyclerBin在AbsListListView的调用场景:
(1)onLayout中,如果changed为真,会调 markChildrenDirty():为每个ScrapView和TransientStateView调用forceLayout()。forceLayout()是将mScrapView中回收回来的View设置一样标志,在下次被复用到ListView中时,告诉viewroot重新layout该view。forceLayout()方法只是设置标志,并不会通知其parent来重新layout。public void markChildrenDirty() { if (mViewTypeCount == 1) { final ArrayList<View> scrap = mCurrentScrap; final int scrapCount = scrap.size(); for (int i = 0; i < scrapCount; i++) { scrap.get(i).forceLayout(); } } else { final int typeCount = mViewTypeCount; for (int i = 0; i < typeCount; i++) { final ArrayList<View> scrap = mScrapViews[i]; final int scrapCount = scrap.size(); for (int j = 0; j < scrapCount; j++) { scrap.get(j).forceLayout(); } } } if (mTransientStateViews != null) { final int count = mTransientStateViews.size(); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { mTransientStateViews.valueAt(i).forceLayout(); } } if (mTransientStateViewsById != null) { final int count = mTransientStateViewsById.size(); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { mTransientStateViewsById.valueAt(i).forceLayout(); } } }
(2)onDetachedFromWindow中,会调clear():移除所有mScrapViews和mTransientViews里的缓存View
(3)检测滑动函数trackMotionScroll中,调用addScrapView(child,position)把滑动时离开屏幕范围的View加入到相应类型的ScrapViews中,当View有TransientState的时候,根据上面变量描述中说明的情况分别存到不同List中。执行完add的循环后,如果有add操作即count>0,调removeSkippedScrap():移除SkippedScrap中所有Detached的View,然后clear掉SkippedScrap。
(4)handleDataChanged中,调clearTransientStateViews:清掉mTransientStateViews和mTransientStateViewsById里存的View。(这里有个TODO,可以用带有StableID的Adapter来取代两个List)
(5) obtainView,这是RecyclerBin的主要使用场景,用于获取符合条件的缓存View,传入Adapter的getView进行处理。先看源码View obtainView(int position, boolean[] isScrap) { Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "obtainView"); isScrap[0] = false; View scrapView; scrapView = mRecycler.getTransientStateView(position); if (scrapView == null) { scrapView = mRecycler.getScrapView(position); } View child; if (scrapView != null) { child = mAdapter.getView(position, scrapView, this); if (child.getImportantForAccessibility() == IMPORTANT_FOR_ACCESSIBILITY_AUTO) { child.setImportantForAccessibility(IMPORTANT_FOR_ACCESSIBILITY_YES); } if (child != scrapView) { mRecycler.addScrapView(scrapView, position); if (mCacheColorHint != 0) { child.setDrawingCacheBackgroundColor(mCacheColorHint); } } else { isScrap[0] = true; // 清除所有系统管理的Transient状态以便回收并绑定到其他数据上 if (child.isAccessibilityFocused()) { child.clearAccessibilityFocus(); } child.dispatchFinishTemporaryDetach(); } } else { child = mAdapter.getView(position, null, this); if (child.getImportantForAccessibility() == IMPORTANT_FOR_ACCESSIBILITY_AUTO) { child.setImportantForAccessibility(IMPORTANT_FOR_ACCESSIBILITY_YES); } if (mCacheColorHint != 0) { child.setDrawingCacheBackgroundColor(mCacheColorHint); } } if (mAdapterHasStableIds) { final ViewGroup.LayoutParams vlp = child.getLayoutParams(); LayoutParams lp; if (vlp == null) { lp = (LayoutParams) generateDefaultLayoutParams(); } else if (!checkLayoutParams(vlp)) { lp = (LayoutParams) generateLayoutParams(vlp); } else { lp = (LayoutParams) vlp; } lp.itemId = mAdapter.getItemId(position); child.setLayoutParams(lp); } if (AccessibilityManager.getInstance(mContext).isEnabled()) { if (mAccessibilityDelegate == null) { mAccessibilityDelegate = new ListItemAccessibilityDelegate(); } if (child.getAccessibilityDelegate() == null) { child.setAccessibilityDelegate(mAccessibilityDelegate); } } Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW); return child; }
具体过程如下:
a. 先调getTransientStateView(position)找TransientStateView,看Adapter有没有StableId,有就从byId的List里找,没有就从mTransientStateView里找。
b. 如果拿到了scrapView,连同position传入Adapter的getView,拿到一个回调的View——child。如果child不等于scrapView,则把它add进ScrapViews,再设下CacheColorHint;如果相等,移除它的TransientState,以便进行回收
c. 如果没拿到scrapView,给Adapter的getView传个null进去,让其在内部新建View并返回,拿到返回View——child,设下CacheColor。
d. 如果Adapter有StableId,再设下child的LayoutParams,这里ItemId也作为LayoutParams的变量存入。
e. 返回child。
2. ListView(源码版本 4.4)
我们还是从RecyclerBin的调用来看ListView里的View缓存部分:
(1)Adapter变更后,Recycler就要重置,setAdapter中,先调clear()重置Recycler,调完super.setAdapter后,调setViewTypeCount(typeCount)初始化:有几种type,就new几个ArrayList<View>()。
public void setViewTypeCount(int viewTypeCount) { if (viewTypeCount < 1) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't have a viewTypeCount < 1"); } //noinspection unchecked ArrayList<View>[] scrapViews = new ArrayList[viewTypeCount]; for (int i = 0; i < viewTypeCount; i++) { scrapViews[i] = new ArrayList<View>(); } mViewTypeCount = viewTypeCount; mCurrentScrap = scrapViews[0]; mScrapViews = scrapViews; }
(2) LayoutChildren中分三步,第一步:如果数据改变,则把当前所有childView加进ScrapView,如果没改变,那就用当前的View填满ActiveViews;第二步:添加View到ListView;第三步:回收ActiveViews中未用到的View到ScrapView中。在第一步中,如果是addScrapView,则所有的view将会detach,如果是fillActiveViews,则不会detach,只有在第三步中,未用到的view才会detach。
@Override protected void layoutChildren() { final boolean blockLayoutRequests = mBlockLayoutRequests; if (blockLayoutRequests) { return; } mBlockLayoutRequests = true; try { super.layoutChildren(); invalidate(); if (mAdapter == null) { resetList(); invokeOnItemScrollListener(); return; } final int childrenTop = mListPadding.top; final int childrenBottom = mBottom - mTop - mListPadding.bottom; final int childCount = getChildCount(); int index = 0; int delta = 0; …… // 第一步:所有子View放入RecycleBin,可能的话会进行重用 final int firstPosition = mFirstPosition; final RecycleBin recycleBin = mRecycler; if (dataChanged) { for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { recycleBin.addScrapView(getChildAt(i), firstPosition+i); } } else { recycleBin.fillActiveViews(childCount, firstPosition); } //清除旧View detachAllViewsFromParent(); recycleBin.removeSkippedScrap(); switch (mLayoutMode) { …… default: // 第二步,默认LayoutMode下的填充操作 if (childCount == 0) { if (!mStackFromBottom) { final int position = lookForSelectablePosition(0, true); setSelectedPositionInt(position); sel = fillFromTop(childrenTop); } else { final int position = lookForSelectablePosition(mItemCount - 1, false); setSelectedPositionInt(position); sel = fillUp(mItemCount - 1, childrenBottom); } } else { if (mSelectedPosition >= 0 && mSelectedPosition < mItemCount) { sel = fillSpecific(mSelectedPosition, oldSel == null ? childrenTop : oldSel.getTop()); } else if (mFirstPosition < mItemCount) { sel = fillSpecific(mFirstPosition, oldFirst == null ? childrenTop : oldFirst.getTop()); } else { sel = fillSpecific(0, childrenTop); } } break; } // 第三步:把上面没用到的ActiveView都丢到ScrapViews中 recycleBin.scrapActiveViews(); …… }
private View makeAndAddView(int position, int y, boolean flow, int childrenLeft, boolean selected) { View child; if (!mDataChanged) { // 首先看能不能用现成的View child = mRecycler.getActiveView(position); if (child != null) { // 找到,剩下就只需要设它的position了 setupChild(child, position, y, flow, childrenLeft, selected, true); return child; } } // 调obtainView,有可能新建View或在缓存View中重用 child = obtainView(position, mIsScrap); // 这种View不仅需要设position,还需要measure setupChild(child, position, y, flow, childrenLeft, selected, mIsScrap[0]); return child; }
(4)scrollListItemsBy,这个函数用于对子view滑动一定距离,添加view到底部或者移除顶部的不可见view。当可见的第一个ItemView划出List顶或最后一个itemView划出List底时,调shouldRecycleViewType判断是否需要回收,如果需要就调addScrapView进行回收。
private void scrollListItemsBy(int amount) { offsetChildrenTopAndBottom(amount); final int listBottom = getHeight() - mListPadding.bottom; final int listTop = mListPadding.top; final AbsListView.RecycleBin recycleBin = mRecycler; if (amount < 0) { …… // 首个View超出顶部的情况 View first = getChildAt(0); while (first.getBottom() < listTop) { AbsListView.LayoutParams layoutParams = (LayoutParams) first.getLayoutParams(); if (recycleBin.shouldRecycleViewType(layoutParams.viewType)) { recycleBin.addScrapView(first, mFirstPosition); } detachViewFromParent(first); first = getChildAt(0); mFirstPosition++; } } else { …… // 末位View超出底部的情况 while (last.getTop() > listBottom) { AbsListView.LayoutParams layoutParams = (LayoutParams) last.getLayoutParams(); if (recycleBin.shouldRecycleViewType(layoutParams.viewType)) { recycleBin.addScrapView(last, mFirstPosition+lastIndex); } detachViewFromParent(last); last = getChildAt(--lastIndex); } } }
从上面可以看出,Android中view回收的计算是其父view中不再显示的,如果scrollview中包含了一个wrap_content属性的listview,里面的内容并不会有任何回收,引起listview 的getheight函数获取的是一个足以显示所有内容的高度。
3. RecyclerView(源码版本 5.1.1)
RecyclerView直接继承的ViewGroup,没有使用ListVIew的RecyclerBin,而是重新定义了一个自己的回收类Recycler,里面存储的不是View,而是ViewHolder。下面来详细分析一下:
3.3.1 变量:
mAttachedScrap:这里并没有ActvieViews的概念,而是用AttachedScrap来代替,AttachedScrap也没有用ArrayList数组来存储不同类型的ViewHolder,只用了一个ArrayList<ViewHolder>。
mChangedScrap:与AttachedScrap对应,表示数据已改变的ViewHolder。
mCachedViews:这是RecyclerView缓存的第二层,在内存中存储待重用的缓存ViewHolder,其大小由mViewCacheMax决定,默认DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE为2,可动态设置。
mUnmodifiableAttachedScrap:只在getScrapList作为返回量返回,看字面意思是不可变的AttachedScrap。
mRecyclerPool:这是RecyclerView缓存的第三层,在有限的mCachedViews中如果存不下ViewHolder时,就会把ViewHolder存入RecyclerViewPool中,其中用SparseArray<ArrayList<ViewHolder>>的结构分viewType存储ViewHolder。
mViewCacheExtension:这是开发者可自定义的一层缓存,是虚拟类ViewCacheExtension的一个实例,开发者可实现函数getViewForPositionAndType(Recycler recycler, int position, int type)来实现自己的缓存。
3.3.2 mRecycler的关键调用场景:
(1)setAdapter中,如果与原Adapter不兼容或需强制重置,LayoutManager的实例mLayout会调removeAndRecycleAllViews(mRecycler)和removeAndRecycleScrapInt(mRecycler)重置mRecycler,mRecycler再调clear()重置。不管是否执行前面这步,mRecycler都会调onAdapterChanged进行处理,这个函数里会先调clear():清理mAttachedScraps、mCachedViews,把mCachedViews中的View都存入RecyclerPool;然后mRecyclerPool也会调onAdapterChanged,根据条件判断选择调用detach()、clear()和attach()。
private void setAdapterInternal(Adapter adapter, boolean compatibleWithPrevious, boolean removeAndRecycleViews) { if (mAdapter != null) { mAdapter.unregisterAdapterDataObserver(mObserver); mAdapter.onDetachedFromRecyclerView(this); } if (!compatibleWithPrevious || removeAndRecycleViews) { // 动画终止 if (mItemAnimator != null) { mItemAnimator.endAnimations(); } // 此时mLayout.children应该等于recyclerView.children if (mLayout != null) { mLayout.removeAndRecycleAllViews(mRecycler); mLayout.removeAndRecycleScrapInt(mRecycler); } // 为保证回调正确,需清理 mRecycler.clear(); } mAdapterHelper.reset(); final Adapter oldAdapter = mAdapter; mAdapter = adapter; if (adapter != null) { adapter.registerAdapterDataObserver(mObserver); adapter.onAttachedToRecyclerView(this); } if (mLayout != null) { mLayout.onAdapterChanged(oldAdapter, mAdapter); } mRecycler.onAdapterChanged(oldAdapter, mAdapter, compatibleWithPrevious); mState.mStructureChanged = true; markKnownViewsInvalid(); }
(2)setLayoutManager中,如果是更换LayoutManager,则调mLayout的onDetachedFromWIndow进行分离,入参包括mRecycler。再调mRecycler的clear()重置。
(3)addAnimatingView中,在存储View到mChildHelper之前,会对其所属ViewHolder进行unscrap操作,调unscrapView:根据holder是否已变等参数,在mAttachedScrap或mChangedScrap中移除holder,并清除Holder中“来自Scrap”的标志位returnedFromScrapFlag。removeAnimatingView中,若View变为hidden,则,调unscrapView处理Viewholder,然后调recycleViewHolderInternal(viewHolder):如果mCachedViews没满,则add进去,如果满了,就放到RecyclerPool。这是常见的缓存ViewHolder使用流程。
private void addAnimatingView(ViewHolder viewHolder) { final View view = viewHolder.itemView; final boolean alreadyParented = view.getParent() == this; mRecycler.unscrapView(getChildViewHolder(view)); if (viewHolder.isTmpDetached()) { //重新关联 mChildHelper.attachViewToParent(view, -1, view.getLayoutParams(), true); } else if(!alreadyParented) { mChildHelper.addView(view, true); } else { mChildHelper.hide(view); } }
3.3.3 getViewForPosition(position)
这个函数在RecyclerView的trace中占比较高,仅低于LayoutManager的操作和RecyclerView的Touch和Scroll,是寻找缓存View的主要过程。下面详细分析下:
(1)如果mChangedScrap不为空,遍历mChangedScrap寻找合适的Holder(条件是mState.isPreLayout为真)
(2)根据position,在Scrap里寻找。先从mAttachedScrap中遍历寻找合适的Holder,若未找到,则遍历mCachedViews寻找合适的holder,若都没有则返null。找到合适的Holder后,验证它的position和type,若验证失败,两种情况,如果isScrap为true,进行removeDetach操作,然后再unScrap,如果wasReturnedFromScrap,清除相关标志位,最后对Holder进行Recycle操作(先对holder进行一系列验证后,若符合条件:如果当前mCachedViews的size等于上限,那回收位置为0的holder,也就是最老的,回收后放入RecycledViewPool中;若不符合条件,直接放入RecycledViewPool);若验证成功,fromScrap置true。
(3)如果上面没找到合适的,holder依旧为null,再看Adapter有没有StableId,有就根据Id在Scrap里找(这时ID和position相等)。
(4)如果还没有合适的,看mViewCacheExtension,看解释像是开发者可以自定义的Cache,有就调它的getViewForPositionAndType方法找,这里需要开发者自己定义。
(5)还没找到,就准备在RecyclerPool里找,如果找到,重置这个holder的多个标志位(如mPosition、mItemId等),如果FORCE_INVALIDATE_DISPLAY_LIST为true(SDK是19或20则为true),就invalidate一下ViewGroup
(6)如果还没找到,就调Adapter的createViewHolder再BindViewHolder了。View getViewForPosition(int position, boolean dryRun) { if (position < 0 || position >= mState.getItemCount()) { throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid item position " + position + "(" + position + "). Item count:" + mState.getItemCount()); } boolean fromScrap = false; ViewHolder holder = null; //有预Layout的话,先从ChangedScrap里找ViewHolder if (mState.isPreLayout()) { holder = getChangedScrapViewForPosition(position); fromScrap = holder != null; } //在Scrap中根据位置找 if (holder == null) { holder = getScrapViewForPosition(position, INVALID_TYPE, dryRun); if (holder != null) { if (!validateViewHolderForOffsetPosition(holder)) { // recycle this scrap if (!dryRun) { // we would like to recycle this but need to make sure it is not used by // animation logic etc. holder.addFlags(ViewHolder.FLAG_INVALID); if (holder.isScrap()) { removeDetachedView(holder.itemView, false); holder.unScrap(); } else if (holder.wasReturnedFromScrap()) { holder.clearReturnedFromScrapFlag(); } recycleViewHolderInternal(holder); } holder = null; } else { fromScrap = true; } } } if (holder == null) { final int offsetPosition = mAdapterHelper.findPositionOffset(position); if (offsetPosition < 0 || offsetPosition >= mAdapter.getItemCount()) { throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Inconsistency detected. Invalid item " + "position " + position + "(offset:" + offsetPosition + ")." + "state:" + mState.getItemCount()); } final int type = mAdapter.getItemViewType(offsetPosition); //如果Adapter有StableId,试着用ID找 if (mAdapter.hasStableIds()) { holder = getScrapViewForId(mAdapter.getItemId(offsetPosition), type, dryRun); if (holder != null) { // 更新位置 holder.mPosition = offsetPosition; fromScrap = true; } } // 如果有自定义缓存,再在这里找 if (holder == null && mViewCacheExtension != null) { final View view = mViewCacheExtension .getViewForPositionAndType(this, position, type); if (view != null) { holder = getChildViewHolder(view); if (holder == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("getViewForPositionAndType returned" + " a view which does not have a ViewHolder"); } else if (holder.shouldIgnore()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("getViewForPositionAndType returned" + " a view that is ignored. You must call stopIgnoring before" + " returning this view."); } } } if (holder == null) { // 回到Recycler中寻找 //在回收池里寻找 if (DEBUG) { Log.d(TAG, "getViewForPosition(" + position + ") fetching from shared " + "pool"); } holder = getRecycledViewPool() .getRecycledView(mAdapter.getItemViewType(offsetPosition)); if (holder != null) { holder.resetInternal(); if (FORCE_INVALIDATE_DISPLAY_LIST) { invalidateDisplayListInt(holder); } } } //都没找到,就只能Create了 if (holder == null) { holder = mAdapter.createViewHolder(RecyclerView.this, mAdapter.getItemViewType(offsetPosition)); if (DEBUG) { Log.d(TAG, "getViewForPosition created new ViewHolder"); } } } boolean bound = false; if (mState.isPreLayout() && holder.isBound()) { // do not update unless we absolutely have to. holder.mPreLayoutPosition = position; } else if (!holder.isBound() || holder.needsUpdate() || holder.isInvalid()) { if (DEBUG && holder.isRemoved()) { throw new IllegalStateException("Removed holder should be bound and it should" + " come here only in pre-layout. Holder: " + holder); } final int offsetPosition = mAdapterHelper.findPositionOffset(position); //绑定数据,执行更新 mAdapter.bindViewHolder(holder, offsetPosition); attachAccessibilityDelegate(holder.itemView); bound = true; if (mState.isPreLayout()) { holder.mPreLayoutPosition = position; } } final ViewGroup.LayoutParams lp = holder.itemView.getLayoutParams(); final LayoutParams rvLayoutParams; if (lp == null) { rvLayoutParams = (LayoutParams) generateDefaultLayoutParams(); holder.itemView.setLayoutParams(rvLayoutParams); } else if (!checkLayoutParams(lp)) { rvLayoutParams = (LayoutParams) generateLayoutParams(lp); holder.itemView.setLayoutParams(rvLayoutParams); } else { rvLayoutParams = (LayoutParams) lp; } rvLayoutParams.mViewHolder = holder; rvLayoutParams.mPendingInvalidate = fromScrap && bound; return holder.itemView; }
3.3.4 缓存规则
当一个ViewHolder需要缓存时一般需要下面几个判断步骤:
(1)if(viewHolder.shouldIgnore()),如果为true则直接返回。
(2)if(viewHolder.isInvalid()&& !viewHolder.isRemoved() && !viewHolder.isChanged()&& !mRecyclerView.mAdapter.hasStableIds()),如果为true,则走Recycle操作,如果为false,则走Scrap操作。
(3)Recycle操作先判断(!holder.isInvalid()&& (mState.mInPreLayout || !holder.isRemoved())&&!holder.isChanged()),为true则判断mCachedViews是否已满,满了就退休调位置为0的View存入Recycler Pool,没满就把holder存入;为false就直接存Recycler Pool。
(4)Scrap操作,先调holder.setScrapContainer(this),在自己的mScrapContainer中记录下自己已Scrap的状态,然后判断(!holder.isChanged()|| !supportsChangeAnimations()):true后再判断(holder.isInvalid() && !holder.isRemoved() &&!mAdapter.hasStableIds()),若满足则抛出异常,不满足则加进mAttachedScrap;false后,加进mChangedScrap。