http://blog.csdn.net/hiawui/article/details/6211305
CLOEXEC 就是新的内核里的这个选项是把fcntl的这个设置放在open里原子操作,以免在多线程程序里有可能会出现fcntl在设置的同时其它线程在fork+execve,虽然在线程里fork比较罕见.这个选项的意思就是子进程默认是继承父进程打开的所有fd,如果句柄加入了这个设置,在execve替换进程时就会关闭设置这个选项的所有fd.
Linux中,文件描述符有一个属性:CLOEXEC,即当调用exec()函数成功后,文件描述符会自动关闭。在以往的内核版本(2.6.23以前)中,需要调用 fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) 来设置这个属性。而新版本(2.6.23开始)中,可以在调用open函数的时候,通过 flags 参数设置 CLOEXEC 功能,如 open(filename, O_CLOEXEC)。
虽然新版本支持在open时设置CLOEXEC,但是在编译的时候还是会提示错误 - error: ‘O_CLOEXEC’ undeclared (first use in this function)。原来这个新功能要求我们手动去打开,需要设置一个宏(_GNU_SOURCE)。可通过以下两种方法来设置这个宏以打开新功能:
1. 在源代码中加入 #define _GNU_SOURCE
2. 在编译参数中加入 -D_GNU_SOURCE
gcc 还有很多其他的开关,具体可以参考
--------------------------- /usr/include/features.h -----------------------------------------------
These are defined by the user (or the compiler) to specify the desired environment:
__STRICT_ANSI__ ISO Standard C.
_ISOC99_SOURCE Extensions to ISO C89 from ISO C99.
_POSIX_SOURCE IEEE Std 1003.1.
_POSIX_C_SOURCE If ==1, like _POSIX_SOURCE; if >=2 add IEEE Std 1003.2;
if >=199309L, add IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993;
if >=199506L, add IEEE Std 1003.1c-1995;
if >=200112L, all of IEEE 1003.1-2004
_XOPEN_SOURCE Includes POSIX and XPG things. Set to 500 if
Single Unix conformance is wanted, to 600 for the
upcoming sixth revision.
_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED XPG things and X/Open Unix extensions.
_LARGEFILE_SOURCE Some more functions for correct standard I/O.
_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE Additional functionality from LFS for large files.
_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=N Select default filesystem interface.
_BSD_SOURCE ISO C, POSIX, and 4.3BSD things.
_SVID_SOURCE ISO C, POSIX, and SVID things.
_ATFILE_SOURCE Additional *at interfaces.
_GNU_SOURCE All of the above, plus GNU extensions.
_REENTRANT Select additionally reentrant object.
_THREAD_SAFE Same as _REENTRANT, often used by other systems.
_FORTIFY_SOURCE If set to numeric value > 0 additional security
measures are defined, according to level.
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