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The following is a list of notable web browsers.
Contents[hide]
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Historical[edit]
See also: Timeline of web browsers
This is a table of personal computer web browsers by year of release of major version, in chronological order, with the approximate number of worldwide Internet users in millions. Note that Internet user data is related to the entire market, not the versions released in that year. The increased growth of the Internet in the 1990s and 2000s means that current browsers with small market shares have more total users than the entire market early on. For example, 90% market share in 1997 would be roughly 60 million users, but by the start of 2007 9% market share would equate to over 90 million users.[1]
| Year | Web browsers | Internet users (in millions)[1][2][3] |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | WorldWideWeb (Nexus) | 4 |
| 1992 | ViolaWWW, Erwise, MidasWWW, MacWWW (Samba) | 7 |
| 1993 | Mosaic, Cello,[4] Lynx 2.0, Arena, AMosaic 1.0 | 10 |
| 1994 | IBM WebExplorer, Netscape Navigator, SlipKnot 1.0, MacWeb, IBrowse, Agora (Argo), Minuet | 20 |
| 1995 | Internet Explorer 1, Netscape Navigator 2.0, OmniWeb, UdiWWW,[5] Internet Explorer 2, Grail | 16-39 |
| 1996 | Arachne 1.0, Internet Explorer 3.0, Netscape Navigator 3.0, Opera 2.0, PowerBrowser 1.5,[6] Cyberdog, Amaya 0.9,[7] AWeb, Voyager |
36-73 |
| 1997 | Internet Explorer 4.0, Netscape Navigator 4.0, Netscape Communicator 4.0, Opera 3.0,[8] Amaya 1.0[7] | 70-118 |
| 1998 | iCab, Mozilla | 147-184 |
| 1999 | Amaya 2.0,[7] Mozilla M3, Internet Explorer 5.0 | 248-278 |
| 2000 | Konqueror, Netscape 6, Opera 4,[9] Opera 5,[10] K-Meleon 0.2, Amaya 3.0,[7] Amaya 4.0[7] | 361-396 |
| 2001 | Internet Explorer 6, Galeon 1.0, Opera 6,[11] Amaya 5.0[7] | 513-499 |
| 2002 | Netscape 7, Mozilla 1.0, Phoenix 0.1, Links 2.0, Amaya 6.0,[7] Amaya 7.0[7] | 587-659 |
| 2003 | Opera 7,[12] Safari 1.0, Epiphany 1.0, Amaya 8.0[7] | 719-771 |
| 2004 | Firefox 1.0, Netscape Browser, OmniWeb 5.0 | 817-897 |
| 2005 | Safari 2.0, Netscape Browser 8.0, Opera 8,[13] Epiphany 1.8, Amaya 9.0,[7] AOL Explorer 1.0, Maxthon 1.0, Shiira 1.0 | 1018-1022 |
| 2006 | SeaMonkey 1.0, K-Meleon 1.0, Galeon 2.0, Camino 1.0, Firefox 2.0, Avant 11, iCab 3, Opera 9,[14] Internet Explorer 7 | 1093-1150 |
| 2007 | Maxthon 2.0, Netscape Navigator 9, NetSurf 1.0, Flock 1.0, Safari 3.0, Conkeror | 1319-1364 |
| 2008 | Konqueror 4, Safari 3.1, Opera 9.5,[15] Firefox 3, Amaya 10.0,[7] Flock 2, Chrome 1, Amaya 11.0[7] | 1574-1556 |
| 2009 | Internet Explorer 8, Chrome 2-3, Safari 4, Opera 10,[16] SeaMonkey 2, Camino 2, Firefox 3.5 | 1802-1743 |
| 2010 | K-Meleon 1.5.4, Firefox 3.6, Chrome 4-8, Opera 10.50,[17] Safari 5, xxxterm, Opera 11 | 1971-2012 |
| 2011 | Chrome 9-16, Firefox 4-9, Internet Explorer 9, Maxthon 3.0, SeaMonkey 2.1-2.3, Opera 11.50, Safari 5.1 | 2,267-2264 |
| 2012 | Chrome 17-23, Firefox 10-17, Internet Explorer 10, Opera 12, Safari 6 | 2,405 |
Notable[edit]
In order of release:
- WorldWideWeb, February 26, 1991
- Mosaic, April 22, 1993
- Netscape Navigator and Netscape Communicator, October 13, 1994
- Internet Explorer, August 16, 1995
- Opera, 1996, see History of the Opera web browser
- Mozilla Navigator, June 5, 2002[18]
- Safari, January 7, 2003
- Mozilla Firefox, November 9, 2004
- Google Chrome, September 2, 2008
Notable layout engines[edit]
- Gecko is developed by the Mozilla Foundation.
- KHTML is developed by the KDE project.
- Presto is developed by Opera Software, although development is expected to halt as Opera transitions to Blink.
- Tasman was developed by Microsoft for use in Internet Explorer 5 for Macintosh.
- Trident is developed by Microsoft for use in the Windows version of their web browser, from Internet Explorer 4 to the present time.
- WebKit is a fork of KHTML by Apple Inc. used by Apple Safari.
- Blink is a fork of WebKit used by Chromium, the base for Google Chrome and Opera.[19]
- Servo is an experimental web browser layout engine being developed cooperatively by Mozilla and Samsung.
Graphical[edit]
Current/maintained projects are in boldface.
Trident shells[edit]
Other software publishers have built browsers and other products around Microsoft's Trident engine. The following browsers are all based on that rendering engine:
- 360 Secure Browser
- AOL Explorer (discontinued)
- Bento Browser (built into Winamp)
- GreenBrowser
- Internet Explorer
- MediaBrowser (discontinued)
- MenuBox
- MSN Explorer (discontinued)
- NeoPlanet (discontinued)
- NetCaptor (discontinued)
- RealPlayer
- SiteKiosk
- SlimBrowser
- Tencent Traveler
- ThreeTeeth Browser
- TomeRaider
- UltraBrowser (discontinued)
- WebbIE
Gecko-based[edit]
- Mozilla Firefox (formerly Firebird and Phoenix)
-
- Netscape Browser 8 to Netscape Navigator 9 (discontinued)
- Epic (based on Firefox, targeted to Indian people with local language based word processor and other local things to India)
- Iceweasel, Debian's Firefox rebrand
- GNU IceCat, GNU's fork of Firefox
- Pale Moon (Windows-only optimized browser based on Firefox)
-
- AT&T Pogo (discontinued; based on Firefox)
- Flock (discontinued; was based on Firefox until version 2.6.1, and based on Chromium thereafter)
- Swiftfox (discontinued; processor-optimised builds based on Firefox)
- Swiftweasel (discontinued; processor-optimised builds based on Iceweasel)
- xB Browser (discontinued; formerly XeroBank Browser and Torpark), portable browser for anonymous browsing, originally based on Firefox
- Firefox for Mobile (codenamed Fennec)
- Skyfire (for mobile)
- Camino for Mac OS X (formerly Chimera)[20]
- Conkeror, keyboard-driven browser
- Mozilla Application Suite (discontinued)
-
- SeaMonkey (successor to Mozilla Application Suite)
- Iceape Debian's Seamonkey rebrand
- Classilla (an updated fork of the Suite to Mac OS 9)
- Gnuzilla GNU's fork
- Netscape (discontinued; Netscape 6 to 7, based on Mozilla)
- Beonex Communicator (separate branch, based on Mozilla Application Suite) (discontinued)
- SeaMonkey (successor to Mozilla Application Suite)
- Yahoo! Browser (or partnership browsers e.g. "AT&T Yahoo! Browser"; "Verizon Yahoo! Browser"; "BT Yahoo! Browser" etc.)
- Galeon, GNOME's old default browser (discontinued)
- K-Meleon for Windows
-
- K-Ninja for Windows (discontinued; based on K-Meleon)
- K-MeleonCCF ME for Windows (based on K-Meleon core, mostly written in Lua)
- MicroB (for Maemo)
- Minimo (for mobile, discontinued)
Gecko- and Trident-based[edit]
Browsers that use both Trident and Gecko include:
- K-Meleon with the IE Tab extension
- Mozilla Firefox with the IE Tab extension
- Netscape Browser 8 (discontinued)
Webkit- and Trident-based[edit]
- Baidu Browser
- Maxthon (formerly known as MyIE2)
- Sleipnir
Gecko-, Trident- and WebKit-based[edit]
Browsers that can use Trident, Gecko and WebKit include:
- Avant Browser[21]
- Lunascape[22]
KHTML-based[edit]
- Konqueror
- Konqueror Embedded
Presto-based[edit]
- Internet Channel (for Wii console, Opera-based)
- Nintendo DS Browser (Opera-based)
- Opera (for releases up until 12.15[23])
WebKit-based[edit]
- Amazon Kindle (experimental)
- Arora (discontinued)
- BOLT browser (discontinued)
- Chromium
- Google Chrome
- Opera[24]
- Amigo
- Torch browser
- Comodo Dragon
- QIP Surf
- Nichrome
- SRWare Iron
- RockMelt
- Uran Browser
- Yandex browser
- Dolphin Browser (Android and Bada)
- Dooble
- Flock (discontinued)(version 3.0 and above)
- iCab (version 4 uses WebKit; earlier versions used its own rendering engine)
- Iris Browser
- Konqueror (version 4 can use WebKit as an alternative to its native KHTML[25])
- Maxthon (version 3.0 and above)
- Midori
- Nintendo 3DS NetFront Browser NX
- OmniWeb
- OWB
- QupZilla
- Rekonq
- Safari
- Shiira
- Steel for Android
- Steam ingame browser
- Teashark
- Ultralight[26] for Android
- Uzbl
- Web
- Web Browser for S60, used in all Nokia Symbian smartphones.
- webOS, used in the Palm Pre, Palm Pixi, Pre 2, HP Veer, Pre 3 and TouchPad mobile devices
- WebPositive, browser in Haiku
- xombrero
For Java platform[edit]
- Bitstream ThunderHawk
- BOLT Browser (discontinued)
- HotJava (discontinued)
- Opera Mini
- uZard Web
- UCWEB
- HtmlUnit (Graphical user interface-less)
Specialty browsers[edit]
See also: Augmented browsing, List of augmented browsing software, and Site-specific browser
Browsers created for enhancements of specific browsing activities.
Current[edit]
- Gollum browser (Created specially for browsing Wikipedia)
- Image Xplorer (Designed only to view, download, and print images)
- Kirix Strata (Designed for data analytics)
- Miro (A media browser that integrates BitTorrent like Opera's integrated BitTorrent)
- RockMelt (Designed to combine web browsing, and social activities such as Facebook and Twitter into a unified one window experience)
- Songbird (browser with advanced audio streaming features and built in media player with library.)
- SpaceTime (Search the web in 3D)
- Wyzo (A media browser that integrates BitTorrent like Opera's integrated BitTorrent)
- Zac Browser (For children with autism, and autism spectrum disorders such as Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), and PDD-NOS.)
- Epic Browser (Built on the Firefox core and targeted at Indian users with local language based word processor)
Discontinued[edit]
- Ghostzilla (Blends into the GUI to hide activity)
- Prodigy Classic (Executable only within the application)
- Flock (To enhance social networking, blogging, photosharing, and RSS newsreading)
Mosaic based[edit]
Mosaic was the first widely used web browser. The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) licensed the technology and many companies built their own web browser on Mosaic. The best known are the first versions of Internet Explorer and Netscape.
- AMosaic
- IBM WebExplorer
- Internet Explorer
- Internet in a Box
- Mosaic-CK
- Netscape
- Spyglass Mosaic
- VMS Mosaic
Others[edit]
- Abaco (for Plan 9 from Bell Labs)
- Amaya
- Arachne (for DOS)
- Arena
- Ariadna (AMSD Ariadna) (first Russian web browser, discontinued)
- AWeb (AmigaOS)
- Baidu Mobile Browser
- Comodo Dragon web browser
- Charon (for Inferno)
- Dillo (Small, fast, free, minimalistic, and multi-platform)
- DR-WebSpyder (for DOS, discontinued)
- Embrowser (for DOS, discontinued)
- Gazelle (from Microsoft Research, OS-like)
- IBrowse (for AmigaOS)
- Mothra (for Plan 9 from Bell Labs)
- NetPositive (for BeOS)
- NetSurf (An open source web browser for RISC OS and GTK+ written in C)
- Planetweb browser (discontinued for Dreamcast)
- Qihoo 360 mobile browsers
- Phoenix, a browser based on tkWWW
- tkWWW, based on Tcl
- Voyager (for AmigaOS)
Mobile[edit]
Main article: Mobile browser
Text-based[edit]
Main article: Text-based web browser
- Alynx
- ELinks (active version of Links)
- Emacs/W3
- Line Mode Browser
- Links
- Lynx
- Net-Tamer
- w3m
- WebbIE
See also[edit]
- Browser timeline
- Comparison of web browsers
- List of layout engines
- List of search engines
- List of web browsers for Unix and Unix-like operating systems
- Usage share of web browsers
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b "History and Growth of the Internet". Internet World Stats. June 21, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
- ^ "Internet users". The World Bank Group. 15 December 2010. Retrieved 2011-04-13.
- ^ http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_internetxfcst.htm
- ^ Brennan, Elaine (Sun, 13 Jun 1993). "World Wibe Web Browser: Ms-Windows (Beta) (1/149)". Humanist Archives Vol. 7. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
- ^ Großmann, Prof. Dr. Hans Peter. "Department of Information Resource Management". University of Ulm. Retrieved 22 March 2010.
- ^ "Oracle Introduces PowerBrowser". Oracle Corporation. 18 June 1996. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Release history". W3C. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
- ^ "Opera Software Releases 3.60" (Press release). Opera Software. 1998-05-12. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
- ^ "Opera 4.0 for Windows Released" (Press release). Opera Software. 2000-06-27. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
- ^ "The Browser War Lights Up in Europe" (Press release). Opera Software. 2000-12-06. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
- ^ "Opera 6.0 for Windows launched after record-breaking beta" (Press release). Opera Software. 2001-11-29. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
- ^ "Opera 7 Ready to Rock the Web" (Press release). Opera Software. 2003-01-28. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
- ^ "Speed, Security and Simplicity: Opera 8 Web Browser Released Today"(Press release). Opera Software. 2005-04-19. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
- ^ "Your Web, Your Choice: Opera 9 Gives You the Control" (Press release). Opera Software. 2006-06-20. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
- ^ "Opera redefines Web browsing yet again" (Press release). Opera Software. 2008-06-12. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
- ^ "Turbocharge your Web experience with Opera 10" (Press release).Opera Software. 2009-09-01. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
- ^ "The world's fastest browser for Windows" (Press release). Oslo, Norway:Opera Software. 2010-03-02. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
- ^ "Mozilla 1.0". mozilla.org. 2002. Retrieved 2008-09-07.
- ^ "Google going its own way, forking WebKit rendering engine". Ars Technica. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
- ^ http://caminobrowser.org Camino reaches its end
- ^ "Try Avant Browser 2012 for a Choice of Rendering Engines". PC world. 2012-01-03. Retrieved 2012-01-03.
- ^ "Have it all: Lunascape, the browser with three engines". CNET News. 2008-11-24. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
- ^ "300 million users and move to WebKit". Opera Developer News.
- ^ "A first peek at Opera 15 for Computers". Opera. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
- ^ "Projects/WebKit/Part — KDE TechBase". KDE TechBase. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
- ^ appiphiliac. "UltraLight Web Browser". AppBrain.com. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
External links[edit]
- Adrian Roselli, evolt.org Browser Archive (2004). List and archive of many current and obsolete web browsers.
- Daniel R. Tobias, Brand-X Browsers (2002).
- Michael Bernadi, DOS Applications for Internet Use (2006).