XFS的一些参数

mkfs.xfs -f -i size=512 -l size=128m,lazy-count=1 -d agcount=16 /dev/sdb1 

-i size=512 : 默认的值是256KB，当内容小于这个值时，写到inode中，超过这个值时，写到block中。

-l size=128m :注意是小写的m，不是大写的。默认值的是10m，修改这个参数成128m，可以显著的提高xfs文件系统删除文件的速度，当然还有其它，如拷贝文件的速度。 这个参数需要大内存的支持，内存太少的机器大概不能设置这么高。

-l lazy-count=value 
        This changes the method of logging various persistent counters  in  the  superblock.   Under metadata  intensive  workloads, these counters are updated and logged frequently enough that the superblock updates become a serialisation point in the  filesystem.  The  value  can  be either 0 or 1. 
        With  lazy-count=1,  the superblock is not modified or logged on every change of the persis-tent counters. Instead, enough information is kept in other parts of the  filesystem  to  be able  to  maintain  the  persistent  counter  values  without  needed  to  keep  them in the superblock.  This gives significant improvements in performance on some configurations.  The default  value  is  0 (off) so you must specify lazy-count=1 if you want to make use of this feature. 

-d agcount=4 : 默认值是根据容量自动设置的。可以设置成1/2/4/16等等，这个参数可以调节对CPU的占用率，值越小，占用率越低。

nobarrier 
              Many hardware RAID have a persistent write cache which preserves it across power failure, interface resets, system crashes, etc. Using write barriers in this instance is not recommended and will in fact lower performance. Therefore, it is recommended to turn off the barrier support and mount the filesystem with "nobarrier". But take care about the hard disk write cache, which should be off. 

noatime 默认的方式下linux会把文件访问的时间atime做记录，这在绝大部分的场合都是没有必要的，如果遇到机器IO负载高或是CPU WAIT高的情况，可以尝试使用noatime，疗效好，见效快。

logbufs=value 
              Set  the number of in-memory log buffers.  Valid numbers range from 2-8 inclusive.  The default value is 8 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 64K, 4 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 32K,  3 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 16K, and 2 buffers for all other configurations.  Increasing the number of buffers may increase performance on some workloads at the cost of the memory used for  the additional log buffers and their associated control structures. 

logbsize=value 
              Set  the  size  of each in-memory log buffer.  Valid sizes are 16384 (16K) and 32768 (32K).  The default value for machines with more than 32MB of memory is 32768,  machines  with  less  memory  use  16384  by default.

mount参数：

-o noatime,nodiratime,osyncisdsync

前面的两个 mount 选项关闭 atime 更新，几乎不需要 atime 更新，并且它除了降低文件系统性能之外几乎不起任何作用。 osyncisdsync 选项调整 XFS 的同步／异步行为，以便它同 ext3 更一致。

mkfs.xfs [ -b block_size ] [ -d data_section_options ] [ -f ] [ -i inode_options ] [ -l log_section_options ] [ -n naming_options ] [ -p protofile ] [ -q ] [ -r realtime_section_options ] [-s sector_size ] [ -L label ] [ -N ] device

Description

 

mkfs.xfs constructs an XFS filesystem by writing on a special file using the values found in the arguments of the command line. It is invoked automatically by mkfs(8) when it is given the -t xfs option.

In its simplest (and most commonly used form), the size of the filesystem is determined from the disk driver. As an example, to make a filesystem with an internal log on the first partition on the first SCSI disk, use:

mkfs.xfs /dev/sda1

The metadata log can be placed on another device to reduce the number of disk seeks. To create a filesystem on the first partition on the first SCSI disk with a 10000 block log located on the first partition on the second SCSI disk, use:

mkfs.xfs -l logdev=/dev/sdb1,size=10000b /dev/sda1

Each of the option elements in the argument list above can be given as multiple comma-separated suboptions if multiple suboptions apply to the same option. Equivalently, each main option can be given multiple times with different suboptions. For example, -l internal,size=10000b and -l internal -l size=10000b are equivalent.

In the descriptions below, sizes are given in sectors, bytes, blocks, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, etc. Sizes are treated as hexadecimal if prefixed by 0x or 0X, octal if prefixed by 0, or decimal otherwise. The following lists possible multiplication suffixes:

s - multiply by sector size (default = 512, see -s option below).

b - multiply by filesystem block size (default = 4K, see -b option below).

k - multiply by one kilobyte (1,024 bytes).

m - multiply by one megabyte (1,048,576 bytes).

g - multiply by one gigabyte (1,073,741,824 bytes).

t - multiply by one terabyte (1,099,511,627,776 bytes).

p - multiply by one petabyte (1,024 terabytes).

e - multiply by one exabyte (1,048,576 terabytes).

Options

-b block_size_options

This option specifies the fundamental block size of the filesystem. The valid block_size_options are: log=value or size=value and only one can be supplied. The block size is specified either as a base two logarithm value with log=, or in bytes with size=. The default value is 4096 bytes (4 KiB), the minimum is 512, and the maximum is 65536 (64 KiB). XFS on Linux currently only supports pagesize or smaller blocks.

-d data_section_options

These options specify the location, size, and other parameters of the data section of the filesystem. The valid data_section_options are:

agcount=value

This is used to specify the number of allocation groups. The data section of the filesystem is divided into allocation groups to improve the performance of XFS. More allocation groups imply that more parallelism can be achieved when allocating blocks and inodes. The minimum allocation group size is 16 MiB; the maximum size is just under 1 TiB. The data section of the filesystem is divided into value allocation groups (default value is scaled automatically based on the underlying device size).

agsize=value

This is an alternative to using the agcount suboption. The value is the desired size of the allocation group expressed in bytes (usually using the m or g suffixes). This value must be a multiple of the filesystem block size, and must be at least 16MiB, and no more than 1TiB, and may be automatically adjusted to properly align with the stripe geometry. The agcount and agsize suboptions are mutually exclusive.

name=value

This can be used to specify the name of the special file containing the filesystem. In this case, the log section must be specified as internal (with a size, see the -l option below) and there can be no real-time section.

file[=value]

This is used to specify that the file given by the name suboption is a regular file. The value is either 0 or 1, with 1 signifying that the file is regular. This suboption is used only to make a filesystem image. If the value is omitted then 1 is assumed.

size=value

This is used to specify the size of the data section. This suboption is required if -d file[=1] is given. Otherwise, it is only needed if the filesystem should occupy less space than the size of the special file.

sunit=value

This is used to specify the stripe unit for a RAID device or a logical volume. The value has to be specified in 512-byte block units. Use the su suboption to specify the stripe unit size in bytes. This suboption ensures that data allocations will be stripe unit aligned when the current end of file is being extended and the file size is larger than 512KiB. Also inode allocations and the internal log will be stripe unit aligned.

su=value

This is an alternative to using sunit. The su suboption is used to specify the stripe unit for a RAID device or a striped logical volume. The value has to be specified in bytes, (usually using the m or g suffixes). This value must be a multiple of the filesystem block size.

swidth=value

This is used to specify the stripe width for a RAID device or a striped logical volume. The value has to be specified in 512-byte block units. Use the sw suboption to specify the stripe width size in bytes. This suboption is required if -d sunit has been specified and it has to be a multiple of the -d sunit suboption.

sw=value

suboption is an alternative to using swidth. The sw suboption is used to specify the stripe width for a RAID device or striped logical volume. The value is expressed as a multiplier of the stripe unit, usually the same as the number of stripe members in the logical volume configuration, or data disks in a RAID device.

When a filesystem is created on a logical volume device, mkfs.xfs will automatically query the logical volume for appropriate sunit and swidth values.

-f

Force overwrite when an existing filesystem is detected on the device. By default, mkfs.xfs will not write to the device if it suspects that there is a filesystem or partition table on the device already.

-i inode_options

This option specifies the inode size of the filesystem, and other inode allocation parameters. The XFS inode contains a fixed-size part and a variable-size part. The variable-size part, whose size is affected by this option, can contain: directory data, for small directories; attribute data, for small attribute sets; symbolic link data, for small symbolic links; the extent list for the file, for files with a small number of extents; and the root of a tree describing the location of extents for the file, for files with a large number of extents.

The valid inode_options are:

size=value | log=value | perblock=value

The inode size is specified either as a value in bytes with size=, a base two logarithm value with log=, or as the number fitting in a filesystem block with perblock=. The mininum (and default) value is 256 bytes. The maximum value is 2048 (2 KiB) subject to the restriction that the inode size cannot exceed one half of the filesystem block size.

XFS uses 64-bit inode numbers internally; however, the number of significant bits in an inode number is affected by filesystem geometry. In practice, filesystem size and inode size are the predominant factors. The Linux kernel (on 32 bit hardware platforms) and most applications cannot currently handle inode numbers greater than 32 significant bits, so if no inode size is given on the command line, mkfs.xfs will attempt to choose a size such that inode numbers will be < 32 bits. If an inode size is specified, or if a filesystem is sufficently large, mkfs.xfs will warn if this will create inode numbers > 32 significant bits.

maxpct=value

This specifies the maximum percentage of space in the filesystem that can be allocated to inodes. The default value is 25%. Setting the value to 0 means that essentially all of the filesystem can become inode blocks.

align[=value]

This is used to specify that inode allocation is or is not aligned. The value is either 0 or 1, with 1 signifying that inodes are allocated aligned. If the value is omitted, 1 is assumed. The default is that inodes are aligned. Aligned inode access is normally more efficient than unaligned access; alignment must be established at the time the filesystem is created, since inodes are allocated at that time. This option can be used to turn off inode alignment when the filesystem needs to be mountable by a version of IRIX that does not have the inode alignment feature (any release of IRIX before 6.2, and IRIX 6.2 without XFS patches).

attr[=value]

This is used to specify the version of extended attribute inline allocation policy to be used. By default, this is zero. Once extended attributes are used for the first time, the version will be set to either one or two. The current version (two) uses a more efficient algorithm for managing the available inline inode space than version one does, however, for backward compatibility reasons (and in the absence of the attr=2 mkfs option, or the attr2 mount option), version one will be selected by default when attributes are first used on a filesystem.

-l log_section_options

These options specify the location, size, and other parameters of the log section of the filesystem. The valid log_section_options are:

internal[=value]

This is used to specify that the log section is a piece of the data section instead of being another device or logical volume. The value is either 0 or 1, with 1 signifying that the log is internal. If the value is omitted, 1 is assumed.

logdev=device

This is used to specify that the log section should reside on the device separate from the data section. The internal=1 and logdev options are mutually exclusive.

size=value

This is used to specify the size of the log section.

If the log is contained within the data section and size isn't specified, mkfs.xfs will try to select a suitable log size depending on the size of the filesystem. The actual logsize depends on the filesystem block size and the directory block size.

Otherwise, the size suboption is only needed if the log section of the filesystem should occupy less space than the size of the special file. The value is specified in bytes or blocks, with a b suffix meaning multiplication by the filesystem block size, as described above. The overriding minimum value for size is 512 blocks. With some combinations of filesystem block size, inode size, and directory block size, the minimum log size is larger than 512 blocks.

version=value

This specifies the version of the log. The value is either 1 or 2. Specifying version=2 enables the sunit suboption, and allows the logbsize to be increased beyond 32K. Version 2 logs are automatically selected if a log stripe unit is specified. See sunit and su suboptions, below.

sunit=value

This specifies the alignment to be used for log writes. The value has to be specified in 512-byte block units. Use the su suboption to specify the log stripe unit size in bytes. Log writes will be aligned on this boundary, and rounded up to this boundary. This gives major improvements in performance on some configurations such as software RAID5 when the sunit is specified as the filesystem block size. The equivalent byte value must be a multiple of the filesystem block size. Version 2 logs are automatically selected if the log sunit suboption is specified.

The su suboption is an alternative to using sunit.

su=value

This is used to specify the log stripe. The value has to be specified in bytes, (usually using the s or b suffixes). This value must be a multiple of the filesystem block size. Version 2 logs are automatically selected if the log su suboption is specified.

lazy-count=value

This changes the method of logging various persistent counters in the superblock. Under metadata intensive workloads, these counters are updated and logged frequently enough that the superblock updates become a serialisation point in the filesystem. The value can be either 0 or 1.

With lazy-count=1, the superblock is not modified or logged on every change of the persistent counters. Instead, enough information is kept in other parts of the filesystem to be able to maintain the persistent counter values without needed to keep them in the superblock. This gives significant improvements in performance on some configurations. The default value is 0 (off) so you must specify lazy-count=1 if you want to make use of this feature.

-n naming_options

These options specify the version and size parameters for the naming (directory) area of the filesystem. The valid naming_options are:

size=value | log=value

The block size is specified either as a value in bytes with size=, or as a base two logarithm value with log=. The default size value for version 2 directories is 4096 bytes (4 KiB), unless the filesystem block size is larger than 4096, in which case the default value is the filesystem block size. For version 1 directories the block size is the same as the filesystem block size.

version=value

The naming (directory) version value can be either 1 or 2, defaulting to 2 if unspecified. With version 2 directories, the directory block size can be any power of 2 size from the filesystem block size up to 65536.

-p protofile

If the optional -p protofile argument is given, mkfs.xfs uses protofile as a prototype file and takes its directions from that file. The blocks and inodes specifiers in the protofile are provided for backwards compatibility, but are otherwise unused. The syntax of the protofile is defined by a number of tokens separated by spaces or newlines. Note that the line numbers are not part of the syntax but are meant to help you in the following discussion of the file contents.

     1       /stand/diskboot

     2       4872 110

     3       d--777 3 1

     4       usr     d--777 3 1

     5       sh      ---755 3 1 /bin/sh

     6       ken     d--755 6 1

     7               $

     8       b0      b--644 3 1 0 0

     9       c0      c--644 3 1 0 0

     10      fifo    p--644 3 1

     11      slink   l--644 3 1 /a/symbolic/link

     12      :  This is a comment line

     13      $

     14      $

Line 1 is a dummy string. (It was formerly the bootfilename.) It is present for backward compatibility; boot blocks are not used on SGI systems.

Note that some string of characters must be present as the first line of the proto file to cause it to be parsed correctly; the value of this string is immaterial since it is ignored.

Line 2 contains two numeric values (formerly the numbers of blocks and inodes). These are also merely for backward compatibility: two numeric values must appear at this point for the proto file to be correctly parsed, but their values are immaterial since they are ignored.

The lines 3 through 11 specify the files and directories you want to include in this filesystem. Line 3 defines the root directory. Other directories and files that you want in the filesystem are indicated by lines 4 through 6 and lines 8 through 10. Line 11 contains symbolic link syntax.

Notice the dollar sign ($) syntax on line 7. This syntax directs the mkfs.xfs command to terminate the branch of the filesystem it is currently on and then continue from the directory specified by the next line, in this case line 8. It must be the last character on a line. The colon on line 12 introduces a comment; all characters up until the following newline are ignored. Note that this means you cannot have a file in a prototype file whose name contains a colon. The $ on lines 13 and 14 end the process, since no additional specifications follow.

File specifications provide the following:

* file mode

* user ID

* group ID

* the file's beginning contents

A 6-character string defines the mode for a file. The first character of this string defines the file type. The character range for this first character is -bcdpl. A file may be a regular file, a block special file, a character special file, directory files, named pipes (first-in, first out files), and symbolic links. The second character of the mode string is used to specify setuserID mode, in which case it is u. If setuserID mode is not specified, the second character is -. The third character of the mode string is used to specify the setgroupID mode, in which case it is g. If setgroupID mode is not specified, the third character is -. The remaining characters of the mode string are a three digit octal number. This octal number defines the owner, group, and other read, write, and execute permissions for the file, respectively. For more information on file permissions, see the chmod(1) command.

Following the mode character string are two decimal number tokens that specify the user and group IDs of the file's owner.

In a regular file, the next token specifies the pathname from which the contents and size of the file are copied. In a block or character special file, the next token are two decimal numbers that specify the major and minor device numbers. When a file is a symbolic link, the next token specifies the contents of the link.

When the file is a directory, the mkfs.xfs command creates the entries dot (.) and dot-dot (..) and then reads the list of names and file specifications in a recursive manner for all of the entries in the directory. A scan of the protofile is always terminated with the dollar ( $ ) token.

-q

Quiet option. Normally mkfs.xfs prints the parameters of the filesystem to be constructed; the -q flag suppresses this.

-r realtime_section_options

These options specify the location, size, and other parameters of the real-time section of the filesystem. The valid realtime_section_options are:

rtdev=device

This is used to specify the device which should contain the real-time section of the filesystem. The suboption value is the name of a block device.

extsize=value

This is used to specify the size of the blocks in the real-time section of the filesystem. This value must be a multiple of the filesystem block size. The minimum allowed size is the filesystem block size or 4 KiB (whichever is larger); the default size is the stripe width for striped volumes or 64 KiB for non-striped volumes; the maximum allowed size is 1 GiB. The real-time extent size should be carefully chosen to match the parameters of the physical media used.

size=value

This is used to specify the size of the real-time section. This suboption is only needed if the real-time section of the filesystem should occupy less space than the size of the partition or logical volume containing the section.

-s sector_size

This option specifies the fundamental sector size of the filesystem. The sector_size is specified either as a value in bytes with size=value or as a base two logarithm value with log=value. The default sector_size is 512 bytes. The minimum value for sector size is 512; the maximum is 32768 (32 KiB). The sector_size must be a power of 2 size and cannot be made larger than the filesystem block size.

-L label

Set the filesystem label. XFS filesystem labels can be at most 12 characters long; if label is longer than 12 characters, mkfs.xfs will not proceed with creating the filesystem. Refer to the mount(8) and xfs_admin(8) manual entries for additional information.

-N

Causes the file system parameters to be printed out without really creating the file system.