POJ 2104 K-th Number (划分树)

K-th Number

Time Limit: 20000MS		Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 46308		Accepted: 15433
Case Time Limit: 2000MS

Description

You are working for Macrohard company in data structures department. After failing your previous task about key insertion you were asked to write a new data structure that would be able to return quickly k-th order statistics in the array segment. 
That is, given an array a[1...n] of different integer numbers, your program must answer a series of questions Q(i, j, k) in the form: "What would be the k-th number in a[i...j] segment, if this segment was sorted?" 
For example, consider the array a = (1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7, 4). Let the question be Q(2, 5, 3). The segment a[2...5] is (5, 2, 6, 3). If we sort this segment, we get (2, 3, 5, 6), the third number is 5, and therefore the answer to the question is 5.

Input

The first line of the input file contains n --- the size of the array, and m --- the number of questions to answer (1 <= n <= 100 000, 1 <= m <= 5 000). 
The second line contains n different integer numbers not exceeding 10 ⁹ by their absolute values --- the array for which the answers should be given. 
The following m lines contain question descriptions, each description consists of three numbers: i, j, and k (1 <= i <= j <= n, 1 <= k <= j - i + 1) and represents the question Q(i, j, k).

Output

For each question output the answer to it --- the k-th number in sorted a[i...j] segment.

Sample Input

7 3
1 5 2 6 3 7 4
2 5 3
4 4 1
1 7 3

Sample Output

5
6
3

Hint

This problem has huge input,so please use c-style input(scanf,printf),or you may got time limit exceed.

Source

题意非常简单：告诉你区间，求第K大的数。

裸划分树模板就过了~~

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int MAXN=100010;
int tree[20][MAXN];//表示每层每个位置的值
int sorted[MAXN];//已经排序的数
int toleft[20][MAXN];//toleft[p][i]表示第i层从1到i有多少个数分入左边

void build(int l,int r,int dep)
{
    if(l==r)return;
    int mid=(l+r)>>1;
    int same=mid-l+1;//表示等于中间值而且被分入左边的个数
    for(int i=l;i<=r;i++)
      if(tree[dep][i]<sorted[mid])
         same--;
    int lpos=l;
    int rpos=mid+1;
    for(int i=l;i<=r;i++)
    {
        if(tree[dep][i]<sorted[mid])//比中间的数小，分入左边
             tree[dep+1][lpos++]=tree[dep][i];
        else if(tree[dep][i]==sorted[mid]&&same>0)
        {
            tree[dep+1][lpos++]=tree[dep][i];
            same--;
        }
        else  //比中间值大分入右边
            tree[dep+1][rpos++]=tree[dep][i];
        toleft[dep][i]=toleft[dep][l-1]+lpos-l;//从1到i放左边的个数

    }
    build(l,mid,dep+1);
    build(mid+1,r,dep+1);

}


//查询区间第k大的数，[L,R]是大区间，[l,r]是要查询的小区间
int query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int dep,int k)
{
    if(l==r)return tree[dep][l];
    int mid=(L+R)>>1;
    int cnt=toleft[dep][r]-toleft[dep][l-1];//[l,r]中位于左边的个数
    if(cnt>=k)
    {
        //L+要查询的区间前被放在左边的个数
        int newl=L+toleft[dep][l-1]-toleft[dep][L-1];
        //左端点加上查询区间会被放在左边的个数
        int newr=newl+cnt-1;
        return query(L,mid,newl,newr,dep+1,k);
    }
    else
    {
         int newr=r+toleft[dep][R]-toleft[dep][r];
         int newl=newr-(r-l-cnt);
         return query(mid+1,R,newl,newr,dep+1,k-cnt);
    }
}
int main(){
    int n,m;
    scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
    for (int i = 1 ; i <= n; ++i){
        scanf("%d",&tree[0][i]);
        sorted[i] = tree[0][i];
    }
    sort(sorted+1,sorted+1+n);
    build(1,n,0);
    while(m--){
        int nl,nr,k;
        scanf("%d%d%d",&nl,&nr,&k);
        printf("%d\n",query(1,n,nl,nr,0,k));
    }
    return 0;
}