剑桥雅思3_Secrets of the Forest

1. sustain   v. 支撑、维持、持续

e.g.: Amazonia as unable to sustain complex societies

 

2. prehistoric  adj. 史前的

 e.g.: the influence of prehistoric inhabitants on Amazonian natural history

 → pre- before      e.g.: pre-linguistic    pre-school

 

3. deplete  v. 使耗尽、大量减少

e.g.: When local resources became depleted, the tribe moved on.

→depletion  n.   use up     exhaust

 

4.. handicapped adj.残疾的，智力不健全的

e.g.：As for technology, Holmberg noted, the Siriono "may be classified among the most handicapped peoples of the world".

 

5. hostile  adj. 敌对的

e.g.: a habitat totally hostile to human civilization

→hostility   n.

6. evolutionary   adj. 进化的、发展的

e.g.: The apparent simplicity of Indian ways of life has been judged an evolutionary adaptation to forest ecology.

→ evolve  v.   evolution   n.

 

7. adaptation to  适应

e.g.: The apparent simplicity of Indian ways of life has been judged an evolutionary adaptation to forest ecology.

→ adapt to

 

8.. elaborate adj.精心设计的，刻苦的

e.g.：Archaeological traces of far more elaborate cultures have been dismissed as the ruins of invaders from outside the region, abandoned to decay in the uncompromising tropical environment.

 

9. enormous adj.极大的

e.g.：The popular conception of Amazonia and its native residents would be enormously consequential if it were true.

→ tremendous   substantial   immense

 

10. indigenous   adj. 本土的、当地的  = local

e.g.: The region has supported a series of indigenous cultures for eleven thousand years.

 

11. crucial = critical = vital关键的

e.g.: The Indians , whose presence is in fact crucial to the survival of the forest, have suffered the most.