剑桥雅思3_One THE DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOGORAPHY
1. small-scale 小的、小规模的
反：large-scale/massive scale/massive/ mass
e.g.: The primary focus of attention in the twentieth century has been on small-scale societies.
2. extraordinary adj. 不寻常的
e.g.: What is happening today is extraordinary, judged by the standards of the past.
3. vital= critical =crucial 关键的
e.g.: The department has a vital role to play in providing information.
4..collaboration (n.) =cooperation
in collaboration with
collaborate v.
5. evolution (n.)=development evolve (v.)= develop
e.g.: Particularly interesting are a series of collections which continue to document the evolution of ceremony.
the evolution of speech= the development of language.
6. draw on = make use of
e.g.: Traditional practices draw on a continuing wealth of technological ingenuity.
7. ingenuity n. 机灵、足智多谋
e.g.: Traditional practices draw on a continuing wealth of technological ingenuity.
→ingenious adj.
8.. ecological (adj.) ecology (n.) 生态学
→ecotourism 生态旅游 ecosystem 生态系统
9. exceptional adj.杰出的
e.g.：Limited resources and ecological constraints are often overcome by personal skills that would be regarded as exceptional in the West.
→ outstanding prominent eminent famous distinguished
10. disposable adj.一次性的
e.g.：Of growing interest is the way in which much of what we might see as disposable is, elsewhere, recycled and reused.
→ dispose v. 处理 disposal n.
11. assume (v.) assumption (n.)
→presume (v.) presumption (n.)
e.g.: It was assumed that economic progress would rapidly lead to the disappearance of many small-scale societies.
12. assimilation (n.) assimilate (v.) 吸收、同化
culture assimilation
13.. marginal (adj.) 边缘的
marginal communities =small-scale societies
a marginal increase
14. community 社会，共同体
the sense of community
15. notorious (adj.) notoriety (n.) 臭名昭著、声名狼藉
a notorious collection of animals
a notorious fickle world
16. the advent of … 的来到，来临
the advent of trading companies
17. contribute to = lead to = give rise to 导致
e.g.:The importation of cheap goods has often contributed to the destruction of local skills.
18. . indigenous =native 本土的、当地的
indigenous people
19.. invert (v.) 颠倒，倒转
Attitudes are inverted.
→reverse (v. adj.)
reverse established trends
→ conversely= on the contrary
Conversely, organizations with sound financial banking often underperform.
20.. focus on =concentrate on
→put/lay emphasis on
→ emphasize
→ give priority to
e.g.: Cells are induced into an anti-aging mode that emphasizes preservation of the organism over such “luxuries” as growth and reproduction.
21. prediction (n.) predict (v.) 预测
→foresee
envision 预见