剑桥雅思3_One THE DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOGORAPHY

1. small-scale  小的、小规模的

反：large-scale/massive scale/massive/ mass

e.g.: The primary focus of attention in the twentieth century has been on small-scale societies.

 

2. extraordinary  adj. 不寻常的

  e.g.: What is happening today is extraordinary, judged by the standards of the past.

 

3. vital= critical =crucial 关键的

e.g.: The department has a vital role to play in providing information.

 

4..collaboration  (n.)  =cooperation

   in collaboration with

   collaborate  v.

 

5. evolution (n.)=development   evolve (v.)= develop

  e.g.: Particularly interesting are a series of collections which continue to document the evolution of ceremony.

   the evolution of speech= the development of language.

 

6. draw on = make use of

  e.g.: Traditional practices draw on a continuing wealth of technological ingenuity.

 

7. ingenuity   n. 机灵、足智多谋

e.g.: Traditional practices draw on a continuing wealth of technological ingenuity.

→ingenious  adj.

 

8.. ecological (adj.)   ecology (n.) 生态学

   →ecotourism  生态旅游    ecosystem 生态系统

 

9. exceptional adj.杰出的

e.g.：Limited resources and ecological constraints are often overcome by personal skills that would be regarded as exceptional in the West.

→ outstanding      prominent    eminent    famous   distinguished

 

10. disposable adj.一次性的

e.g.：Of growing interest is the way in which much of what we might see as disposable is, elsewhere, recycled and reused.

→ dispose   v. 处理   disposal  n.

 

11. assume (v.)    assumption (n.)

   →presume (v.)  presumption (n.)

   e.g.: It was assumed that economic progress would rapidly lead to the disappearance of many small-scale societies.

 

12. assimilation (n.)   assimilate (v.)  吸收、同化

   culture assimilation

 

13.. marginal (adj.)  边缘的

   marginal communities =small-scale societies

   a marginal increase

 

14. community  社会，共同体

   the sense of community

 

15. notorious  (adj.)    notoriety  (n.) 臭名昭著、声名狼藉

   a notorious collection of animals

   a notorious fickle world

 

16. the advent of … 的来到，来临

   the advent of trading companies

 

17. contribute to = lead to = give rise to 导致

   e.g.:The importation of cheap goods has often contributed to the destruction of local skills.

 

18. . indigenous =native 本土的、当地的

   indigenous people

 

19.. invert (v.) 颠倒，倒转

   Attitudes are inverted.

 →reverse  (v. adj.)

   reverse established trends

→ conversely= on the contrary

Conversely, organizations with sound financial banking often underperform.

 

20.. focus on =concentrate on

→put/lay emphasis on

→ emphasize

→ give priority to

e.g.: Cells are induced into an anti-aging mode that emphasizes preservation of the organism over such “luxuries” as growth and reproduction.

 

21.  prediction (n.)    predict (v.) 预测

→foresee

      envision  预见