Linux操作系统下动态库的编写与调用

1. c 语言写动态库:

/*

  * libsthc.h

  * Declarations for function add

  */

#include "stdio.h"

#include "stdlib.h"

#include "stdarg.h"

 

#ifdef __cplusplus

extern "C"

{

#endif

int add(int x, int y);

 

#ifdef __cplusplus

}

#endif

 

/*

  * libsthc.c

  * Implementation of function add declared in libsthc.h

  * in c language

  */

#include "libsthc.h"

 

int add(int x, int y)

{

         return x + y;

}

 

#makefile

libsthc.so:libsthc.o

         gcc -shared libsthc.o -lc -o libsthc.so

libsthc.o:libsthc.c libsthc.h

         gcc -fPIC -c libsthc.c -o libsthc.o

all:libsthc.so

clean:

         rm -f *.o *.so

 

make 完成后,会生成一个动态库,即 libsthc.so 。为了使其他程序也可以使用该动态库,需要将库文件 libsthc.so 拷贝到 /usr/lib 目录下 ( 由于权限的问题,一般要以 root 的身分进行拷贝 ) ,为了使其他程序也可以使用该动态库,需要将头文件 libsthc.h 拷贝到 /usr/include 目录下 ( 由于权限的问题 , 一般要以 root 的身分进行拷贝 )

 

1.1 c 语言静态方式调用动态库 libsthc.so

/*

  * ctest.c

  * Testing program for libsthc.so library

  * in c languange

  * by 玄机逸士

*/

#include "libsthc.h"

int main(void)

{

         printf("%d/n", add(1, 2));

         return 0;

}

 

#makefile:

ctest:ctest.o

         gcc ctest.o -lsthc -o ctest

ctest.o:ctest.c

         gcc -c ctest.c -o ctest.o

all:ctest

clean:

         rm -f *.o ctest

 

1.2 c 语言动态方式调用动态库 libsthc.so

/*cdltest.c*/

#include "stdio.h"

#include "stdlib.h"

#include "dlfcn.h"

 

int main(void)

{

         void *handle;

         int (*fcn)(int x, int y);

         const char *errmsg;

        

         /* open the library */

         handle = dlopen("libsthc.so", RTLD_NOW);

         if(handle == NULL)

         {

                   fprintf(stderr, "Failed to load libsthc.so: %s/n", dlerror());

                   return 1;

         }

         dlerror();

 

         //*(void **)(&fcn) = dlsym(handle, "add");            //ok

         fcn = dlsym(handle, "add");                                   //ok

         if((errmsg = dlerror()) != NULL)

         {

                   printf("%s/n", errmsg);

                  return 1;

         }

         printf("%d/n", fcn(1, 5));

        

         dlclose(handle);

         return 0;

}

 

#makefile

cdltest:cdltest.o

         gcc cdltest.o -ldl -lsthc -o cdltest

cdltest.o:cdltest.c

         gcc -c cdltest.c -o cdltest.o

all:cdltest

clean:

         rm -f *.o cdltest

 

1.3 c++ 静态方式调用动态库 libsthc.so

/*cpptest.cc*/

#include "libsthc.h"

using namespace std;

int main(void)

{

         printf("%d/n", add(1, 2));

         return 0;

}

 

#makefile:

cpptest:cpptest.o

         g++ cpptest.o –o cpptest -lsthc

cpptest.o:cpptest.cc

         g++ -c cpptest.cc -Wno-deprecated -o cpptest.o

all:cpptest

clean:

         rm -f *.o cpptest

 

1.4 c++ 动态方式调用动态库 libsthc.so

/*cppdltest.cpp*/

#include "stdio.h"

#include "stdlib.h"

#include "dlfcn.h"

 

int main(void)

{

         void *handle;

         int (*fcn)(int x, int y);

         const char *errmsg;

        

         /* open the library */

         handle = dlopen("libsthc.so", RTLD_NOW);

         if(handle == NULL)

         {

                   fprintf(stderr, "Failed to load libsthc.so: %s/n", dlerror());

                   return 1;

         }

         dlerror();

 

         *(void **)(&fcn) = dlsym(handle, "add");     //ok

         //fcn = dlsym(handle, "add");                        //not ok in c++

         if((errmsg = dlerror()) != NULL)

         {

                   printf("%s/n", errmsg);

                   return 1;

         }

         printf("%d/n", fcn(1, 5));

        

         dlclose(handle);

         return 0;

}

 

#makefile

cppdltest:cppdltest.o

         g++ cppdltest.o -ldl -lsthc -o cppdltest

cppdltest.o:cppdltest.cpp

         g++ -c cppdltest.cpp -o cppdltest.o

all:cppdltest

clean:

         rm -f *.o cppdltest

 

 

2. c++ 语言写动态库:

/*

  * libsthcpp.h

  * Declarations for function cppadd

  */

#include "stdio.h"

#include "stdlib.h"

#include "stdarg.h"

#ifdef __cplusplus

extern "C"

{

#endif

 

int cppadd(int x, int y);

#ifdef __cplusplus

}

#endif

 

 

/*

  * libsthcpp.cpp

  * Implementation of function cppadd declared in libsthcpp.h

  * in c++ language

  */

#include "libsthcpp.h"

 

int cppadd(int x, int y)

{

         return x + y;

}

 

#makefile

libsthcpp.so:libsthcpp.o

         g++ -g -shared -Wl libsthcpp.o -lc -o libsthcpp.so

libsthcpp.o:libsthcpp.cc libsthcpp.h

         g++ -g -fPIC -c libsthcpp.cc -o libsthcpp.o

all:libsthcpp.so

clean:

         rm -f *.o *.so

 

make 完成后,会生成一个动态库,即 libsthcpp.so 。为了使其他程序也可以使用该动态库,需要将库文件 libsthcpp.so 拷贝到 /usr/lib 目录下 ( 由于权限的问题,一般要以 root 的身分进行拷贝 ) ,为了使其他程序也可以使用该动态库,需要将头文件 libsthcpp.h 拷贝到 /usr/include 目录下 ( 由于权限的问题 , 一般要以 root 的身分进行拷贝 )

 

2.1 c 语言静态方式调用动态库 libsthcpp.so

/*

  * ctest.c

  * Testing program for libsthcpp.so library

  * in c languange

  * by 玄机逸士

*/

#include "libsthcpp.h"

int main(void)

{

         printf("%d/n", cppadd(1, 2));

         return 0;

}

 

#makefile

ctest:ctest.o

         gcc ctest.o -lsthcpp -o ctest

ctest.o:ctest.c

         gcc -c ctest.c -o ctest.o

all:ctest

clean:

         rm -f *.o ctest

 

 

2.2 c 语言动态方式调用动态库 libsthcpp.so

/*cdltest.c*/

#include "stdio.h"

#include "stdlib.h"

#include "dlfcn.h"

 

int main(void)

{

         void *handle;

         int (*fcn)(int x, int y);

         const char *errmsg;

        

         /* open the library */

         handle = dlopen("libsthcpp.so", RTLD_NOW);

         if(handle == NULL)

         {

                   fprintf(stderr, "Failed to load libsthc.so: %s/n", dlerror());

                   return 1;

         }

         dlerror();

 

         //*(void **)(&fcn) = dlsym(handle, "cppadd");       //ok in c and c++

         fcn = dlsym(handle, "cppadd");                               //ok in c, but not in c++

         if((errmsg = dlerror()) != NULL)

         {

                   printf("%s/n", errmsg);

                   return 1;

         }

         printf("%d/n", fcn(1, 5));

        

         dlclose(handle);

         return 0;

}

 

#makefile

cdltest:cdltest.o

         gcc cdltest.o -ldl -lsthcpp -o cdltest

cdltest.o:cdltest.c

         gcc -c cdltest.c -o cdltest.o

all:cdltest

clean:

         rm -f *.o cdltest

 

2.3 c++ 语言静态方式调用动态库 libsthcpp.so

/*

  * cpptest.cpp

  * Testing program for libsthc.so library written in c language

  * in c++ languange

  * by 玄机逸士

*/

#include "libsthcpp.h"

#include "iostream.h"

int main(void)

{

         cout << cppadd(1, 2) << endl;

         return 0;

}

 

#makefile

cpptest:cpptest.o

         g++ cpptest.o -lsthcpp -o cpptest

cpptest.o:cpptest.cpp

         g++ -c cpptest.cpp -Wno-deprecated -o cpptest.o

all:cpptest

clean:

         rm -f *.o cpptest

 

2.4 c++ 语言动态方式调用动态库 libsthcpp.so

/*cppdltest.cpp*/

#include "stdio.h"

#include "stdlib.h"

#include "dlfcn.h"

 

int main(void)

{

         void *handle;

         int (*fcn)(int x, int y);

         const char *errmsg;

        

         /* open the library */

         handle = dlopen("libsthcpp.so", RTLD_NOW);

         if(handle == NULL)

         {

                   fprintf(stderr, "Failed to load libsthc.so: %s/n", dlerror());

                   return 1;

         }

         dlerror();

 

         *(void **)(&fcn) = dlsym(handle, "cppadd");         //ok in c and c++

         //fcn = dlsym(handle, "cppadd");                             //ok in c, but not in c++

         if((errmsg = dlerror()) != NULL)

         {

                   printf("%s/n", errmsg);

                   return 1;

         }

         printf("%d/n", fcn(1, 5));

        

         dlclose(handle);

         return 0;

}

 

#makefile

cppdltest:cppdltest.o

         g++ cppdltest.o -ldl -lsthcpp -o cppdltest

cppdltest.o:cppdltest.cpp

         g++ -c cppdltest.cpp -o cppdltest.o

all:cppdltest

clean:

         rm -f *.o cppdltest

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