oracle bbed 恢复无归档的数据库
郑重申明：BBED是oracle的内部工具，如果一旦使用oracle将不在支持该库，所以请慎重。
1，bbed的创建(10g的测试)
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
[oracle@rac1 lib]$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk BBED=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed $ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed
[oracle@rac1 lib]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ ls -lrt bbed
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 548768 Dec 17 11:49 bbed
2，使用bbed工具
(1) 创建par配置文件
sql>select file#||' '||name||' '||bytes from v$datafile ; 将查询的结果放入/home/oracle/bbed/filelist.txt中。
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cat /home/oracle/bbed/bbed.par
blocksize=8192
/home/oracle/bbed/filelist.txt
mode=edit
(2)登陆bbed
[oracle@rac1 bbed]$bbed parfile=bbed.par
默认的密码为：blockedit
BBED> help all -- 可以查看所有可以使用的命令
(3)常用命令
set 设定当前的环境
show 查看当前的环境参数，跟sqlplus的同名命令类似。
dump 列出指定block的内容
find 在指定的block中查找指定的字符串，结果是显示出字符串，及其偏移量--offset，偏移量就是在block中的字节数
modify 修改指定block的指定偏移量的值，可以在线修改。
copy 把一个block的内容copy到另一个block中
verify 检查当前环境是否有坏块
sum 计算block的checksum，modify之后block就被标识为坏块，current checksum与reqired checksum不一致，sum命令可以计算出新的checksum并应用到当前块。
undo 回滚当前的修改操作，如果手误做错了，undo一下就ok了，回到原来的状态。
revert 回滚所有之前的修改操作，意思就是 undo all
(4)直接修改数据文件头的起库
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 788529152 bytes
Fixed Size 2087216 bytes
Variable Size 423626448 bytes
Database Buffers 356515840 bytes
Redo Buffers 6299648 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01113: file 4 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 13185657
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 13185657
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 13185657
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 13185657
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/test_data.dbf 13185657
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/xldata01.dbf 13185657
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/timdata01.dbf 13185657
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/xllogtmpdata01.dbf 13185657
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/user02.dbf 13185657
13185657 换算为16进制 C93279
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 13185657
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 13185657
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 13185657
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 5609780 5609780换算为16进制559934
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/test_data.dbf 13185657
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/xldata01.dbf 13185657
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/timdata01.dbf 13185657
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/xllogtmpdata01.dbf 13185657
/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/user02.dbf 13185657
可以看到数据库users01.dbf的scn点为5609780明显是用的备份的数据文件。oracle在open数据库时要对控制文件，数据文件头的scn进行检查，一致才能打开，所以这里我们通过ddeb来修改数据文件头让它和其他的数据文件的scn相同，达到起库的目的。
BBED> set dba 1,1
DBA 0x00400001 (4194305 1,1)
BBED> p kcvfhckp
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484
struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @484
ub4 kscnbas @484 0x00c93279 块头的scn
ub2 kscnwrp @488 0x0000
ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x2fd1ebda
ub2 kcvcpthr @496 0x0001
union u, 12 bytes @500
struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes @500
ub4 kcrbaseq @500 0x000005cc
ub4 kcrbabno @504 0x0000ebe1
ub2 kcrbabof @508 0x0010
ub1 kcvcpetb[0] @512 0x02
ub1 kcvcpetb[1] @513 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[2] @514 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[3] @515 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[4] @516 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[5] @517 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[6] @518 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[7] @519 0x00
BBED> set filename '/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
FILENAME /opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
BBED> p kcvfhckp
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484
struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @484
ub4 kscnbas @484 0x00559934 块头的scn号
ub2 kscnwrp @488 0x0000
ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x2f56f20a
ub2 kcvcpthr @496 0x0001
union u, 12 bytes @500
struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes @500
ub4 kcrbaseq @500 0x000000ee
ub4 kcrbabno @504 0x00003cea
ub2 kcrbabof @508 0x0010
ub1 kcvcpetb[0] @512 0x02
ub1 kcvcpetb[1] @513 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[2] @514 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[3] @515 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[4] @516 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[5] @517 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[6] @518 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[7] @519 0x00
查看users01.dbf的块头
BBED> d /v dba 4,1 offset 484
File: /opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf (4)
Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 995 Dba:0x01000001
-------------------------------------------------------
34995500 00000000 0af2562f 01000160 l 4.U......騐/...` 红色的标志和块头的scn号00559934是否很相似啊？
ee000000 ea3c0000 10000000 02000000 l ?..?..........
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
0d000d00 0d000100 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 02000001 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
看一下第一块的块头信息
BBED> d /v dba 1,1 offset 484
File: /opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 995 Dba:0x00400001
-------------------------------------------------------
7932c900 00000000 daebd12f 01000160 l y2?....陔?...`红色的标志和块头的scn号00c93279是否很相似啊？
cc050000 e1eb0000 10000000 02000000 l ?..犭..........
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
0d000d00 0d000100 00000000 00000000 l ................
猜想是oracle为了保护数据文件头而特意将scn号反正写。
BBED> modify /x 7932c900 dba 4,1 offset 484
File: /opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf (4)
Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 995 Dba:0x01000001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
7932c900 00000000 0af2562f 01000160 ee000000 ea3c0000 10000000 02000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
0d000d00 0d000100 00000000 00000000 00000000 02000001 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum dba 4,1 apply
Check value for File 4, Block 1:
current = 0x3ffd, required = 0x3ffd
检查一下块头
BBED> d /v dba 4,1 offset 484
File: /opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf (4)
Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 995 Dba:0x01000001
-------------------------------------------------------
7a32c900 00000000 1c28d22f 01000000 l z2?.....(?....
cc050000 e1eb0000 10000000 02000000 l ?..犭..........
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
数据块头已经修改可以起库了。
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 4 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/opt/ora10g/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
SQL> recover database;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.