poj1056(字典树)

IMMEDIATE DECODABILITY

Time Limit: 1000MS		Memory Limit: 10000K
Total Submissions: 9875		Accepted: 4670

Description

An encoding of a set of symbols is said to be immediately decodable if no code for one symbol is the prefix of a code for another symbol. We will assume for this problem that all codes are in binary, that no two codes within a set of codes are the same, that each code has at least one bit and no more than ten bits, and that each set has at least two codes and no more than eight.

Examples: Assume an alphabet that has symbols {A, B, C, D}

The following code is immediately decodable:
A:01 B:10 C:0010 D:0000

but this one is not:
A:01 B:10 C:010 D:0000 (Note that A is a prefix of C)

Input

Write a program that accepts as input a series of groups of records from standard input. Each record in a group contains a collection of zeroes and ones representing a binary code for a different symbol. Each group is followed by a single separator record containing a single 9; the separator records are not part of the group. Each group is independent of other groups; the codes in one group are not related to codes in any other group (that is, each group is to be processed independently).

Output

For each group, your program should determine whether the codes in that group are immediately decodable, and should print a single output line giving the group number and stating whether the group is, or is not, immediately decodable.

Sample Input

01
10
0010
0000
9
01
10
010
0000
9

Sample Output

Set 1 is immediately decodable
Set 2 is not immediately decodable
 

本题要求所给字符串是否有的是其他字符串的前缀。

可以想到字典树，字典树的一个分支记录一个字符串，叶子节点做相应的标记。如果在字典树上插入新字符串的时候经过先前的叶子节点标记，则说明以该节点为叶子节点的路径上的字符串是当前插入字符串的前缀；如果在字典树上插入新字符串的长度小于当前所在的分支，则说明当前插入字符串是经过当前路径的所有分支所标示的字符串的前缀。

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;

//定义字典树结构体
struct Trie
{
	Trie* next[2];
	int flag;
	Trie()
	{
		flag=0;
		next[0]=NULL,next[1]=NULL;
	}
};

//*****************************************************************
Trie *root;
bool flag;
//初始化root
void init()
{
	root=new Trie;
	//memset(root,0,sizeof(Trie));
}
//*****************************************************************

//*****************************************************************
//将str插入以root为根节点的字典树中
void insert(char *str)
{
    int len = strlen(str);
    Trie *s = root;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		if (s->next[str[i] - '0'])
		{
			if(s->next[str[i] - '0']->flag==1||str[i+1]=='\0')
			{
				flag=false;
				return ;
			}
			s = s->next[str[i] - '0'];
		}
        else
		{
            Trie* t = new Trie;
            s->next[str[i] - '0'] = t;
            s = t;
        }
	}
	s->flag = 1;
}
//*****************************************************************

int main()
{
	char str[15];
	int tag=1;
	while(~scanf("%s",str))
	{
		flag=true;
		root =new Trie;
		insert(str);
		while(scanf("%s",str))
		{
			if(strcmp(str,"9")==0)
				break;
			if(flag)insert(str);
		}
		if(flag)
			printf("Set %d is immediately decodable\n",tag++);
		else 
			printf("Set %d is not immediately decodable\n",tag++);
	}
	return 0;
}