linux nginx+apache+php+mysql 安装配置

http://blog.csdn.net/jhg_2009/article/details/6898539

CentOS-5.6-i386操作系统

nginx-1.1.6.tar.gz
httpd-2.2.21.tar.gz
mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz
php-5.3.8.tar.gz
1. lsb_release -a 查看系统环境

 LSB Version: :core-4.0-ia32:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-ia32:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-ia32:printing-4.0-noarch
 Distributor ID: CentOS
 Description: CentOS release 5.6 (Final)
 Release: 5.6
 Codename: Final

2. 查找是否已经安装过环境

 [root@localhost www]# rpm -qa|grep httpd
 [root@localhost www]# rpm -qa|grep mysqld
 [root@localhost www]# rpm -qa|grep php
 [root@localhost www]# rpm -qa|grep apache

 如果找到 删除  （--nodeps 是强制删除的意思）
 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep httpd
 httpd-2.2.3-31.el5.centos
 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps httpd

3. 解压缩

 [root@localhost www]# tar -zxf nginx-1.1.6.tar.gz
 [root@localhost www]# tar -zxf httpd-2.2.21.tar.gz
 [root@localhost www]# tar -zxf mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz
 [root@localhost www]# tar -zxf php-5.3.8.tar.gz

4. 安装PHP所需的软件包

  所有的软件包可以到http://code.google.com/p/myphp-appstore/downloads/list 下载

  4.1  安装libiconv(iconv函数需要用到)

 # tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
 # cd libiconv-1.13.1/
 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
 # make
 # make install
 # cd ../

 4.2  安装jpegsrc(magejpeg需要用到) 

 # tar zxvf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
 # cd jpeg-6b/
 # ./configure –-enable-static –-enable-shared
 # make
 # make install
 # make install-lib
 # cd ../

 4.3 安装libpng包(支持PNG)

 # cd /root/Software/
 # tar -zvxf libpng-1.5.4.tar.gz
 # cd libpng-1.5.4
 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libpng
 # make
 # make install

4.4 安装freetype

 # cd /root/Software/
 # tar -zvxf freetype-2.4.6.tar.gz
 # cd freetype-2.4.6
 # mkdir -p /usr/local/freetype
 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype
 # make
 # make install

4.5  安装gettext(gd所需)

 # tar zxvf gettext-0.17.tar.gz
 # cd gettext-0.17
 # ./configure
 # make
 # make install

 4.6 安装gd

 # tar zxf gd-2.0.35.tar.gz
 # cd gd
 # cd  2.0.35/
 # ./configure --enable-m4_pattern_allow
 # make
 # make install
 cd ../

 4.7  安装libssh(可能ssh连接用到)

 # tar zxf libssh2-0.12.tar.gz
 # cd libssh2-0.12/
 # ./configure
 # make
 # make install

 4.8  安装libmcrypt(加密算法扩展库 例如 DES 3DES)

 # tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
 # cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
 # ./configure
 # make
 # make install
 # /sbin/ldconfig
 # cd libltdl/
 # ./configure --enable-ltdl-install
 # make
 # make install
 # cd ../../

 4.9 安装mhash(哈希函数库 例如 MD5 SHA CRC 等) 

 # tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
 # cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
 # ./configure
 # make
 # make install
 # cd ../

 4.10 建立软链接

 # ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
 # ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
 # ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
 # ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
 # ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
 # ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
 # ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
 # ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
 # ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
 # ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

 4.11 安装 mcrypt(加密算法扩展库) 

 # /sbin/ldconfig
 # tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
 # cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
 # ./configure
 # make
 # make install
 # cd ../

5 安装MySQL

 # cd mysql-5.1.44
 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile
 # make && make install

  创建MySQL数据库,用默认的配置my.cnf 

 # groupadd mysql
 # useradd -g mysql mysql
 # cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
 # /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
 # chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var
 # chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/

  添加MySQL启动服务,并且设置root密码

 # cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
 # chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
 # chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
 # echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
 # echo "/usr/local/lib" >>/etc/ld.so.conf
 # ldconfig
 # ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql
 # ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql
 # service mysql start
 # /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password root    //root改为你需要的密码
 # service mysql restart

6  安装Apache 

 # cd httpd-2.2.21
 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --enable-modules=so --enable-rewrite
 # make && make install

 # /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl  start    //启动apahce

错误：httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name,  using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
解决办法：cd /usr/local/apache/conf,  用记事本打开httpd.conf,  将里面的#ServerName localhost:80注释去掉即可。
用浏览器查看  http://127.0.0.1 或 http://localhost , 得到it works，说明apache已经配置成功了.

7 安装PHP

 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir=/usr/local/libpng --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-soap --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-ftp
 # make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' (必须要加,要不然PHP编译出错)
 # make install
 # cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini (好象PHP5.3开始就没有php.ini-dist文件了，可以是php.ini-development或php.ini-production)
 # cd ../

8 安装PHP扩展模块
   8.1 memcache 客户端

 # tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
 # cd memcache-2.2.5/
 # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
 # ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
 # make
 # make install
 # cd ../

   8.2 PDO_MySQL

 # tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
 # cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
 # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
 # ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
 # make
 # make install
 # cd ../

  8.3 安装eaccelerator (PHP加速器)

 # tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
 # cd eaccelerator-0.9.6/
 # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
 # ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
 # make
 # make install
 # cd ../

9 修改PHP.INI 文件

查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/"
并在此行后增加以下几行
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
保存。

10 配置eAccelerator加速

PHP创建缓存目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache
在php.ini文件最后面添加下面几行内容就可以了
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

11 重新配置apache2让他支持php

在LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so
添加AddType application/x-httpd-php  .php
OK,基本的安装已经完成.
重新起动APACHE:
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl  graceful   ---记得每次修改php.ini配置或httpd.conf 配置都要重启Apache

12  Apache配置httpd-vhosts虚拟主机

   12.1 修改httpd.conf 文件

    (a)  添加如下两行(假设当前是基于同一IP的两个端口)

       Listen 8080 
       Listen 8081 

     (b) 注释以下内容

      #ServerAdmin [email protected]

      #DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs"

     #<Directory "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs">

     (c) 修改Directory模块内容(相当是全局的，以后httpd-vhosts.conf也会用到这个设置)

      <Directory />
        Options FollowSymLinks
         AllowOverride None
        Order deny,allow
          Deny from all    (将 Deny 改成 Allow)
       </Directory>

     (c)  找到如下模块             

        # Virtual hosts
       #Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
     去掉前面的#，这样就开启了httpd-vhosts虚拟主机文件。

   12.2  修改httpd-vhosts文件

NameVirtualHost *:8080
NameVirtualHost *:8081
#
# VirtualHost example:
# Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container.
# The first VirtualHost section is used for all requests that do not
# match a ServerName or ServerAlias in any <VirtualHost> block.
#
<VirtualHost *:8080>
    ServerAdmin [email protected]
    DocumentRoot "/home/www/htdocs/8080"
    ServerName  test.example.com
    ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com
    ErrorLog "/home/www/logs/8080-error.log"
    CustomLog "/home/www/logs/8080-access.log" common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:8081>
    ServerAdmin [email protected]
    DocumentRoot "/home/www/htdocs/8081"
    ServerName  test2.example.com
    ErrorLog "/home/www/logs/8081-error.log"
    CustomLog "/home/www/logs/8081-access.log" common
</VirtualHost>

13  查看配置是否正确并重启apache

 /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -S    --检查配置文件的语法

 # /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl graceful

或者

 # /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -k restart

前一种方法不会中断当前的客户端连接，后一种方法则会中断当前客户端的连接
如果配置没有什么问题，到此就可以http://127.0.0.1:8080和http://127.0.0.1:80801 访问虚拟机的web页面了。

接下来要做的事情就是通过nginx 反向代理php请求

14  安装nginx所需软件包

 tar zxvf pcre-8.01.tar.gz
 cd pcre-8.01/
 ./configure
 make && make install
 cd ../

15 安装nginx

 tar zxvf nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz
 cd nginx-0.7.65/
 ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module
 make && make install
 cd ../

16 nginx做负载均衡(实现动静分离)，其详细配置如下：

 user  www www;
 worker_processes  8;

 error_log  logs/error.log;
 pid        logs/nginx.pid;

 worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
 events
 {
   use epoll;
   worker_connections 65535;
 }


 http {
   include       mime.types;
   default_type  application/octet-stream;

   #charset  gb2312;
   server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
   client_header_buffer_size 64k;
   large_client_header_buffers 4 128k;
   client_max_body_size 8m;

   tcp_nopush     on;
   keepalive_timeout 60;
   tcp_nodelay on;

   gzip on;
   gzip_min_length  1k;
   gzip_buffers     4 16k;
   gzip_http_version 1.0;
   gzip_comp_level 2;
   gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
   gzip_vary on;

   upstream  backphp_service
   {
       server 192.168.52.246:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=180s;
       server 192.168.52.246:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=180s;
   }

  server
     {
         listen       80;
         server_name  test.nginx.sdo.com;
         root  /home/www/static;

         location ~ .+\.php($|/)
         {
            proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
            proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass        http://backphp_service;
         }

         location ~ .*\.(html|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
         {
           expires 30d;
         }

         location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
         {
           expires 1h;
         }

     }

 }

17 启动nginx 进程

 ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

18  配置开机自启动
echo "ulimit -SHn 65535" >>/etc/rc.local
echo "/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl  -k start" >>/etc/rc.local
echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" >>/etc/rc.local
 

到这里工作已经全部完成!