在Windows Server 2008 R2系统下,IIS 7.5 + .NET Framework 4.0的运行环境,以经典模式(Classic Mode)部署一个用.NET 4.0编译的 WebAPI 程序。
这是非常简易的一个Demo,只有一个TestController和WebApiConfig,并且已确保在Global.asax的Application_Start事件中调用WebApiConfig注册路由,大体如下:
1 using System; 2 using System.Web.Http; 3 4 namespace WebAPI 5 { 6 public class Global : System.Web.HttpApplication 7 { 8 protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) 9 { 10 WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); 11 } 12 } 13 }
1 using System.Web.Http; 2 3 namespace WebAPI 4 { 5 public static class WebApiConfig 6 { 7 public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) 8 { 9 //配置路由 10 config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( 11 name: "DefaultApi3", 12 routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}", 13 defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } 14 ); 15 16 config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( 17 name: "DefaultApi2", 18 routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}" 19 ); 20 21 config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( 22 name: "DefaultApi1", 23 routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}", 24 defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } 25 ); 26 } 27 } 28 }
1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Web.Http; 4 5 namespace WebAPI.Controllers 6 { 7 public class TestController : ApiController 8 { 9 // GET api/test 10 public IEnumerable<string> Get() 11 { 12 return new string[] { "value1", "value2", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.ffff") }; 13 } 14 15 // GET api/test/5 16 public string Get(int id) 17 { 18 return "value"; 19 } 20 21 // POST api/test 22 public void Post([FromBody]string value) 23 { 24 } 25 26 // PUT api/test/5 27 public void Put(int id, [FromBody]string value) 28 { 29 } 30 31 // DELETE api/test/5 32 public void Delete(int id) 33 { 34 } 35 } 36 }
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2 3 <!-- 4 有关如何配置 ASP.NET 应用程序的详细信息,请访问 5 http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=169433 6 --> 7 8 <configuration> 9 <system.web> 10 <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" defaultLanguage="c#" /> 11 </system.web> 12 13 <system.webServer> 14 <handlers> 15 <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_32bit" /> 16 <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_64bit" /> 17 <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" /> 18 <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_32bit" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" modules="IsapiModule" scriptProcessor="%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\aspnet_isapi.dll" preCondition="classicMode,runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness32" responseBufferLimit="0" /> 19 <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_64bit" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" modules="IsapiModule" scriptProcessor="%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\aspnet_isapi.dll" preCondition="classicMode,runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness64" responseBufferLimit="0" /> 20 <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" type="System.Web.Handlers.TransferRequestHandler" preCondition="integratedMode,runtimeVersionv4.0" /> 21 </handlers> 22 </system.webServer> 23 </configuration>
本地IIS 7.5是没有问题的,直接访问localhost/api/test,成功输出XML格式的数据。
但是发布上去之后,却报404错误。
搜了一些解决方案,都是比较片面不全的,没一个能起作用。
比如,让我们在<system.webServer>节点下加<modules>或<validation>或两个都加上,像这样:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2 3 <!-- 4 有关如何配置 ASP.NET 应用程序的详细信息,请访问 5 http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=169433 6 --> 7 8 <configuration> 9 <system.web> 10 <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" defaultLanguage="c#" /> 11 </system.web> 12 13 <system.webServer> 14 <modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true"> 15 <remove name="WebDAVModule" /> 16 </modules> 17 <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" /> 18 <handlers> 19 <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_32bit" /> 20 <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_64bit" /> 21 <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" /> 22 <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_32bit" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" modules="IsapiModule" scriptProcessor="%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\aspnet_isapi.dll" preCondition="classicMode,runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness32" responseBufferLimit="0" /> 23 <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_64bit" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" modules="IsapiModule" scriptProcessor="%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\aspnet_isapi.dll" preCondition="classicMode,runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness64" responseBufferLimit="0" /> 24 <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" type="System.Web.Handlers.TransferRequestHandler" preCondition="integratedMode,runtimeVersionv4.0" /> 25 </handlers> 26 </system.webServer> 27 </configuration>
又或者,让我们在站点的处理程序映射里添加通配符脚本映射,像这样:
按照上面这些做完之后,还是不行,百思不得其解。
最后几经折腾,终于解决!!!
流程如下:
第一步,更改WebAPI站点的web.config文件:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2 3 <!-- 4 有关如何配置 ASP.NET 应用程序的详细信息,请访问 5 http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=169433 6 --> 7 8 <configuration> 9 <system.web> 10 <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" defaultLanguage="c#" /> 11 </system.web> 12 13 <system.webServer> 14 <!--以下配置为了让IIS7+支持Put/Delete方法--> 15 <httpProtocol> 16 <customHeaders> 17 <add name="Access-Control-Allow-Origin" value="*" /> 18 <add name="Access-Control-Allow-Methods" value="GET,PUT,POST,DELETE,OPTIONS" /> 19 <add name="Access-Control-Allow-Headers" value="Content-Type" /> 20 </customHeaders> 21 </httpProtocol> 22 <!--IIS7/7.5上必须加这个配置,否则访问报错--> 23 <modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true"> 24 <remove name="WebDAVModule" /> 25 </modules> 26 <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" /> 27 <handlers> 28 <remove name="WebDAV" /> 29 <remove name="WebAPI_64bit" /> 30 <remove name="WebAPI_32bit" /> 31 <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_32bit" /> 32 <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_64bit" /> 33 <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" /> 34 <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_32bit" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" resourceType="Unspecified" requireAccess="Script" modules="IsapiModule" scriptProcessor="%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\aspnet_isapi.dll" preCondition="classicMode,runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness32" responseBufferLimit="0" /> 35 <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_64bit" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" resourceType="Unspecified" requireAccess="Script" modules="IsapiModule" scriptProcessor="%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\aspnet_isapi.dll" preCondition="classicMode,runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness64" responseBufferLimit="0" /> 36 <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" resourceType="Unspecified" requireAccess="Script" type="System.Web.Handlers.TransferRequestHandler" preCondition="integratedMode,runtimeVersionv4.0" /> 37 <add name="WebAPI_64bit" path="*" verb="*" modules="IsapiModule" scriptProcessor="%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\aspnet_isapi.dll" resourceType="Unspecified" requireAccess="None" preCondition="classicMode,runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness64" /> 38 <add name="WebAPI_32bit" path="*" verb="*" modules="IsapiModule" scriptProcessor="%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\aspnet_isapi.dll" resourceType="Unspecified" requireAccess="None" preCondition="classicMode,runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness32" /> 39 </handlers> 40 <!--提高GET URL长度限制上限--> 41 <security> 42 <requestFiltering> 43 <requestLimits maxUrl="409600" maxQueryString="204800" /> 44 </requestFiltering> 45 </security> 46 </system.webServer> 47 </configuration>
第二步,无论是否确定已注册,都再注册一次:
Win+R键输入cmd确定,打开命令提示符(Win7以上系统都需要以管理员身份运行,且当前登录账户最好是Administrator)。
依次输入如下命令,并且按确定,等待执行完毕:
cd /d %windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319
aspnet_regiis -i
如果服务器是64位系统,你还需要输入如下命令:
cd /d %windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319
aspnet_regiis -i
第三步,清理IIS站点垃圾(缓存):
在资源管理器中,打开%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\Temporary ASP.NET Files文件夹
删除该文件夹下的所有文件和文件夹,root文件夹除外,但root文件夹下的文件和文件夹也要删除。
如果碰到无法删除,提示权限不足或该文件/文件夹被占用之类的,请先停止IIS服务(在运行窗口或cmd窗口输入iisreset /stop可以停止IIS服务),再重试删除。
第四步,重启服务器。
第五步,在运行窗口或cmd窗口输入iisreset /start启动IIS服务,接着访问yourserver.com/api/xxx,成功响应并且返回数据,大功告成!!!