方法Join是干啥用的? 简单回答,同步,如何同步? 怎么实现的? 下面将逐个回答。
自从接触Java多线程,一直对Join理解不了。JDK是这样说的:join public final void join(long millis)throws InterruptedException Waits at most millis milliseconds for this thread to die. A timeout of 0 means to wait forever.大家能理解吗? 字面意思是等待一段时间直到这个线程死亡,我的疑问是那个线程,是它本身的线程还是调用它的线程的,上代码:
package concurrentstudy;
/**
*
* @author vma
*/
public class JoinTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t = new Thread(new RunnableImpl());
t.start();
try {
t.join(1000);
System.out.println("joinFinish");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class RunnableImpl implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println("Begin sleep");
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("End sleep");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
结果是:
Begin sleep
End sleep
joinFinish
明白了吧,当main线程调用t.join时,main线程等待t线程,等待时间是1000,如果t线程Sleep 2000呢
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println("Begin sleep");
// Thread.sleep(1000);
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println("End sleep");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
结果是:
Begin sleep
joinFinish
End sleep
也就是说main线程只等1000毫秒,不管T什么时候结束,如果是t.join()呢, 看代码:
public final void join() throws InterruptedException {
join(0);
}
就是说如果是t.join() = t.join(0) 0 JDK这样说的 A timeout of0
means to wait forever 字面意思是永远等待,是这样吗?
其实是等到t结束后。
这个是怎么实现的吗? 看JDK代码:
/**
* Waits at most <code>millis</code> milliseconds for this thread to
* die. A timeout of <code>0</code> means to wait forever.
*
* @param millis the time to wait in milliseconds.
* @exception InterruptedException if any thread has interrupted
* the current thread. The <i>interrupted status</i> of the
* current thread is cleared when this exception is thrown.
*/
public final synchronized void join(long millis)
throws InterruptedException {
long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
long now = 0;
if (millis < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
}
if (millis == 0) {
while (isAlive()) {
wait(0);
}
} else {
while (isAlive()) {
long delay = millis - now;
if (delay <= 0) {
break;
}
wait(delay);
now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
}
}
}
其实Join方法实现是通过wait(小提示:Object 提供的方法)。 当main线程调用t.join时候,main线程会获得线程对象t的锁(wait 意味着拿到该对象的锁),调用该对象的wait(等待时间),直到该对象唤醒main线程,比如退出后。
这就意味着main 线程调用t.join时,必须能够拿到线程t对象的锁,如果拿不到它是无法wait的,刚开的例子t.join(1000)不是说明了main线程等待1 秒,如果在它等待之前,其他线程获取了t对象的锁,它等待时间可不就是1毫秒了。上代码介绍:
/*
* To change this template, choose Tools | Templates
* and open the template in the editor.
*/
package concurrentstudy;
/**
*
* @author vma
*/
public class JoinTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t = new Thread(new RunnableImpl());
new ThreadTest(t).start();
t.start();
try {
t.join();
System.out.println("joinFinish");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class ThreadTest extends Thread {
Thread thread;
public ThreadTest(Thread thread) {
this.thread = thread;
}
@Override
public void run() {
holdThreadLock();
}
public void holdThreadLock() {
synchronized (thread) {
System.out.println("getObjectLock");
try {
Thread.sleep(9000);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("ReleaseObjectLock");
}
}
}
class RunnableImpl implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println("Begin sleep");
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println("End sleep");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
在main方法中 通过new ThreadTest(t).start();实例化ThreadTest 线程对象, 它在holdThreadLock()方法中,通过 synchronized (thread),获取线程对象t的锁,并Sleep(9000)后释放,这就意味着,即使
main方法t.join(1000),等待一秒钟,它必须等待ThreadTest 线程释放t锁后才能进入wait方法中,它实际等待时间是9000+1000 MS
运行结果是:
getObjectLock
Begin sleep
End sleep
ReleaseObjectLock
joinFinish
转自:http://java.chinaitlab.com/JDK/760879.html
ps:
二、为什么要用join()方法
主线程生成并起动了子线程,而子线程里要进行大量的耗时的运算(这里可以借鉴下线程的作用),当主线程处理完其他的事务后,需要用到子线程的处理结果,这个时候就要用到join();方法了。
三、join方法的作用
在网上看到有人说“将两个线程合并”。这样解释我觉得理解起来还更麻烦。不如就借鉴下API里的说法:
“等待该线程终止。”
解释一下,是主线程(我在“一”里已经命名过了)等待子线程的终止。也就是在子线程调用了join()方法后面的代码,只有等到子线程结束了才能执行。(Waits for this thread to die.)
四、用实例来理解
写一个简单的例子来看一下join()的用法,一共三个类:
1.CustomThread 类
2. CustomThread1类
3. JoinTestDemo 类,main方法所在的类。
代码1:
- package wxhx.csdn2;
- /**
- *
- * @author bzwm
- *
- */
- class CustomThread1 extends Thread {
- public CustomThread1() {
- super("[CustomThread1] Thread");
- };
- public void run() {
- String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
- System.out.println(threadName + " start.");
- try {
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
- System.out.println(threadName + " loop at " + i);
- Thread.sleep(1000);
- }
- System.out.println(threadName + " end.");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- System.out.println("Exception from " + threadName + ".run");
- }
- }
- }
- class CustomThread extends Thread {
- CustomThread1 t1;
- public CustomThread(CustomThread1 t1) {
- super("[CustomThread] Thread");
- this.t1 = t1;
- }
- public void run() {
- String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
- System.out.println(threadName + " start.");
- try {
- t1.join();
- System.out.println(threadName + " end.");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- System.out.println("Exception from " + threadName + ".run");
- }
- }
- }
- public class JoinTestDemo {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
- System.out.println(threadName + " start.");
- CustomThread1 t1 = new CustomThread1();
- CustomThread t = new CustomThread(t1);
- try {
- t1.start();
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- t.start();
- t.join();//在代碼2里,將此處注釋掉
- } catch (Exception e) {
- System.out.println("Exception from main");
- }
- System.out.println(threadName + " end!");
- }
- }
打印结果:
main start.//main方法所在的线程起动,但没有马上结束,因为调用t.join();,所以要等到t结束了,此线程才能向下执行。
[CustomThread1] Thread start.//线程CustomThread1起动
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 0//线程CustomThread1执行
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 1//线程CustomThread1执行
[CustomThread] Thread start.//线程CustomThread起动,但没有马上结束,因为调用t1.join();,所以要等到t1结束了,此线程才能向下执行。
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 2//线程CustomThread1继续执行
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 3//线程CustomThread1继续执行
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 4//线程CustomThread1继续执行
[CustomThread1] Thread end. //线程CustomThread1结束了
[CustomThread] Thread end.// 线程CustomThread在t1.join();阻塞处起动,向下继续执行的结果
main end!//线程CustomThread结束,此线程在t.join();阻塞处起动,向下继续执行的结果。
修改一下代码,得到代码2:(这里只写出修改的部分)
- public class JoinTestDemo {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
- System.out.println(threadName + " start.");
- CustomThread1 t1 = new CustomThread1();
- CustomThread t = new CustomThread(t1);
- try {
- t1.start();
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- t.start();
- // t.join();//在代碼2里,將此處注釋掉
- } catch (Exception e) {
- System.out.println("Exception from main");
- }
- System.out.println(threadName + " end!");
- }
- }
打印结果:
main start. // main方法所在的线程起动,但没有马上结束,这里并不是因为join方法,而是因为Thread.sleep(2000);
[CustomThread1] Thread start. //线程CustomThread1起动
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 0//线程CustomThread1执行
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 1//线程CustomThread1执行
main end!// Thread.sleep(2000);结束,虽然在线程CustomThread执行了t1.join();,但这并不会影响到其他线程(这里main方法所在的线程)。
[CustomThread] Thread start. //线程CustomThread起动,但没有马上结束,因为调用t1.join();,所以要等到t1结束了,此线程才能向下执行。
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 2//线程CustomThread1继续执行
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 3//线程CustomThread1继续执行
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 4//线程CustomThread1继续执行
[CustomThread1] Thread end. //线程CustomThread1结束了
[CustomThread] Thread end. // 线程CustomThread在t1.join();阻塞处起动,向下继续执行的结果
五、从源码看join()方法
在CustomThread的run方法里,执行了t1.join();,进入看一下它的JDK源码:
- public final void join() throws InterruptedException {
- n(0);
- }
然后进入join(0)方法:
- /**
- * Waits at most <code>millis</code> milliseconds for this thread to
- * die. A timeout of <code>0</code> means to wait forever. //注意这句
- *
- * @param millis the time to wait in milliseconds.
- * @exception InterruptedException if another thread has interrupted
- * the current thread. The <i>interrupted status</i> of the
- * current thread is cleared when this exception is thrown.
- */
- public final synchronized void join(long millis) //参数millis为0.
- throws InterruptedException {
- long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
- long now = 0;
- if (millis < 0) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
- }
- if (millis == 0) {//进入这个分支
- while (isAlive()) {//判断本线程是否为活动的。这里的本线程就是t1.
- wait(0);//阻塞
- }
- } else {
- while (isAlive()) {
- long delay = millis - now;
- if (delay <= 0) {
- break;
- }
- wait(delay);
- now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
- }
- }
- }
单纯从代码上看,如果线程被生成了,但还未被起动,调用它的join()方法是没有作用的。将直接继续向下执行,这里就不写代码验证了。