Test Doubles, Method Stubs, Message Expectations
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thingamajig_double = double('thing-a-ma-jig') stub_thingamajig = stub('thing-a-ma-jig') mock_thingamajig = mock('thing-a-ma-jig')
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double(),stub(),mock()都会返回一个RSpec::Mocks::Mock的实例
可以在这个实例上生成method stubs和message expectations
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describe Statement do it "logs a message on generate()" do customer = stub('customer') customer.stub(:name).and_return('Aslak') logger = mock('logger') statement = Statement.new(customer, logger) logger.should_receive(:log).with(/Statement generated for Aslak/) statement.generate end end
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这段代码中, stub('customer')和mmock('logger')分别生成了2个test double
customer.stub(:name)为customer double添加了一个method stub(打桩方法), :name为方法名 and_return('Aslak')表示:name的返回值为Aslak
logger.should_receive(:log)为logger double设置了一个对于message name() 的expectation
后面的generate()方法里, 如果logger对log()的调用失败, 则整个example会fail
否则会判断logger.should_receive(:log)后面的条件是否满足(此处为with(xxx),即log()调用是否带参数xxx)
partial stubbing, partial mocking
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describe WidgetsController do describe "PUT update with valid attributes" it "finds the widget" widget = Widget.new() widget.stub(:update_attributes).and_return(true) Widget.should_receive(:find).with("37").and_return(widget) put :update, :id => 37 end it "updates the widget's attributes" do widget = Widget.new() Widget.stub(:find).and_return(widget) widget.should_receive(:update_attributes).and_return(true) put :update, :id => 37 end it "redirects to the list of widgets" widget = Widget.new() Widget.stub(:find).and_return(widget) widget.stub(:update_attributes).and_return(true) put :update, :id => 37 response.should redirect_to(widgets_path) end end end
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更多关于Method Stubs
One-Line Shortcut
double(),stub(),mock()第一个参数非必填但是强烈建议有, 因为其会作为失败时的消息
此外还可以接受一个hash作为第二参数
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customer = double('customer', :name => 'Bryan')
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等效于
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customer = double('customer') customer.stub(:name).and_return('Bryan')
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Implementation Injection
如果一个stub method需要使用多次而且根据条件不同会有不同返回值, 可以用如下方法
多用于before()里
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ages = double('ages') ages.stub(:age_for) do |what| if what == 'drinking' 21 elsif what == 'voting' 18 end end
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方法链
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article = double() Article.stub_chain(:recent, :published, :authored_by).and_return(article)
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更多关于Message Expectations
执行次数
should_receive(:xxx)要求xxx()被调用且只调用一次, 如果希望调用若干次, 可采用下列方式
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mock_account.should_receive(:withdraw).exactly(5).times network_double.should_receive(:open_connection).at_most(5).times network_double.should_receive(:open_connection).at_least(2).times account_double.should_receive(:withdraw).once account_double.should_receive(:deposit).twice
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如果期待方法不被调用,要使用should_not_receive
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network_double.should_not_receive(:open_connection) network_double.should_receive(:open_connection).never #不推荐 network_double.should_receive(:open_connection).exactly(0).times #不推荐
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指定期待的参数, with()
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### 指定一个参数, 且值为50 account_double.should_receive(:withdraw).with(50) ### 可以指定任意个参数 checking_account.should_receive(:transfer).with(50, savings_account) ### 第一个参数为给定值, 第二个参数为Fixnum型任意值 source_account.should_receive(:transfer).with(target_account, instance_of(Fixnum)) ### 第一个参数可以为任意类型任意值 source_account.should_receive(:transfer).with(anything(), 50) ### 任意类型任意数量参数 source_account.should_receive(:transfer).with(any_args()) ### 不传参数 collaborator.should_receive(:message).with(no_args()) ### 参数为包含/不包含给定key/value的Hash with(hash_including('Electric' => '123', 'Gas' => '234')) with(hash_not_including('Electric' => '123', 'Gas' => '234')) ### 正则表达式 mock_atm.should_receive(:login).with(/.* User/)
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自定义的Argument Matchers
自定义一个类, 然后重写==(actual)方法即可
也可以添加一个description()方法以提供失败时输出的信息
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class GreaterThanMatcher def initialize(expected) @expected = expected end def description "a number greater than #{@expected}" end def ==(actual) actual > @expected end end def greater_than(floor) GreaterThanMatcher.new(floor) end calculator.should_receive(:add).with(greater_than(37))
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Throwing or Raising
and_raise()可以不传参/一个参数(异常类或异常类实例)
and_throw()传symbol
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account_double.should_receive(:withdraw).and_raise account_double.should_receive(:withdraw).and_raise(InsufficientFunds) the_exception = InsufficientFunds.new(:reason => :on_hold) account_double.should_receive(:withdraw).and_raise(the_exception) account_double.should_receive(:withdraw).and_throw(:insufficient_funds)
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按序执行
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database.should_receive(:count).with('Roster', :course_id => 37).ordered database.should_receive(:add).with(student).ordered
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只要count()在add()之前执行就会pass
