[Oracle] Data Guard 之 - 创建物理Standby

实验环境

Primary:

主机： jabdw1241
SID: O01DMS0
DB_UNIQUE_NAME: O01DMS0
Standby:
主机： jabdw1242
SID: O01DMS0
DB_UNIQUE_NAME: O01DMS0DR

1. Primary的配置和操作

1） 确认primary处于归档模式

PRIMARY>archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination H:\INTEL_ARCH\O01DMS0
Oldest online log sequence 468
Next log sequence to archive 470
Current log sequence 470

2） 确认primary处于force logging模式

PRIMARY>select force_logging from v$database;

FOR
---
NO
结果为NO，通过下面语句把primary 设为force logging：
PRIMARY>alter database force logging;

Database altered.

3） 配置primary的参数

增加以下必须参数：
*.db_unique_name=O01DMS0
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(O01DMS0,O01DMS0DR)'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=O01DMS0DR ARCH VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=O01DMS0DR'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=defer
以下参数虽然不是必须的，但在角色切换中有用，建议配置：
*.fal_server=O01DMS0DR
*.fal_client=O01DMS0
*.standby_file_management=auto
重建spfile启动primary:
PRIMARY>shutdown immediate;
PRIMARY>create spfile from pfile;

File created.

PRIMARY>startup

4） 创建standby的控制文件

PRIMARY>alter database create standby controlfile as 'H:\CONTROL01.O01DMS0';

Database altered.

5） 创建password file

C:\Documents and Settings\a105024>orapwd file=G:\Oracle\Ora102\database\PWDO01DMS0.ora password=oracle entries=30

6) 复制数据文件到standby服务器

查出primary端的所有数据文件：
PRIMARY>select name from v$datafile;

NAME
-----------------------------------------------

I:\INTEL_DATA\O01DMS0\SYSTEM01.O01DMS0
I:\INTEL_DATA\O01DMS0\UNDOTBS01.O01DMS0
I:\INTEL_DATA\O01DMS0\USERS01.O01DMS0
I:\INTEL_DATA\O01DMS0\SECURITY_D.O01DMS0
K:\INTEL_INDEX\O01DMS0\SECURITY_I.O01DMS0
I:\INTEL_DATA\O01DMS0\SYSAUX01.O01DMS0
I:\INTEL_DATA\O01DMS0\STREAMS_TBS.DBF
I:\INTEL_DATA\O01DMS0\DMS01.O01DMS0
I:\INTEL_DATA\O01DMS0\UNDOTBS02.O01DMS0

关闭数据库：
PRIMARY>shutdown immediate;

把上面的所有数据文件拷贝到standby服务器对应的目录下。

再把刚生成的控制文件拷贝到standby服务器对应的目录下，注意控制文件要复制三份，且要修改文件名。

最后再把pfile和password file拷贝到standby服务器对应的目录下。

注意：archived redo log不需要复制。

启动数据库：
PRIMARY>startup

2. Standby的配置和操作

1) 创建OracleService

C:\Documents and Settings\a105024>oradim -new -sid O01DMS0
Instance created.

2） 修改standby参数

打开刚刚从primary复制过来的pfile，修改以下参数：
*.db_unique_name=O01DMS0DR
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=O01DMS0 ARCH VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=O01DMS0'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
*.fal_server=O01DMS0
*.fal_client=O01DMS0DR
创建spfile:
STANDBY> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

3) 启动数据库至mount状态

注意：在启动至mount之前，一定要仔细检查参数文件和控制文件中指定的目录和文件都已在standby服务器存在。
STANDBY>startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 629145600 bytes
Fixed Size 1296652 bytes
Variable Size 339740404 bytes
Database Buffers 251658240 bytes
Redo Buffers 36450304 bytes
Database mounted.

3. 配置primary和standby的通讯

1) standby listener 的配置

DRO01DMS0 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JABDW1242)(PORT = 1521))
)

SID_LIST_DRO01DMS0 =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = O01DMS0)
(ORACLE_HOME = G:\Oracle\ora102)
(SID_NAME = O01DMS0)
)
)
通过lsnrctl启动listener

2） primary tnsnames 的配置

O01DMS0DR =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jabdw1242)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = O01DMS0)
)
)
测试primary是否能连standby：
C:\Documents and Settings\a105024>tnsping O01DMS0DR

TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 18-OCT-2
011 02:49:47

Copyright (c) 1997, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:
G:\Oracle\Ora102\network\admin\sqlnet.ora


Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)
(HOST = jabdw1242)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = O01DMS0)))
OK (40 msec)

3） standby tnsnames 配置

O01DMS0 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jabdw1241)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = O01DMS0)
)
)
测试standby是否能连primary：
C:\Documents and Settings\a105024>tnsping O01DMS0

TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 18-OCT-2
011 02:54:32

Copyright (c) 1997, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:
G:\oracle\ora102\network\admin\sqlnet.ora


Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)
(HOST = jabdw1241)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = O01DMS0)))
OK (50 msec)

4. 检验同步

1） 接收归档日志

在primary端查询当前最大的归档日志：
PRIMARY>select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
475

在standby端查询已传过来的归档日志：
STANDBY>select sequence#, applied from v$archived_log;

SEQUENCE# APP
---------- ---
470 NO
471 NO
472 NO
473 NO
474 NO
475 NO

2） 启动redo apply

STANDBY>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered.

STANDBY>select sequence#, applied from v$archived_log;

SEQUENCE# APP
---------- ---
470 YES
471 YES
472 YES
473 YES
474 YES
475 YES