SQOOP的安装配置

SQOOP是一款开源的工具，主要用于在HADOOP与传统的数据库间进行数据的传递，下面从SQOOP用户手册上摘录一段描述

Sqoop is a tool designed to transfer data between Hadoop andrelational databases. You can use Sqoop to import data from arelational database management system (RDBMS) such as MySQL or Oracleinto the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS),transform the data in Hadoop MapReduce, and then export the data backinto an RDBMS.

这里我主要描述一下安装过程

1、下载相应软件

我使用的HADOOP版本是APACHE官方版本0.20.2，但是后来在使用的过程中报错，查阅了一些文章，发现SQOOP是不支持此版本的，一般都会推荐你使用CDH3。不过后来通过拷贝相应的包到sqoop-1.2.0-CDH3B4/lib下，依然还是可以使用的。当然，你可以选择直接使用CDH3。

 

下面是CDH3和SQOOP 1.2.0的下载地址

http://archive.cloudera.com/cdh/3/hadoop-0.20.2-CDH3B4.tar.gz

http://archive.cloudera.com/cdh/3/sqoop-1.2.0-CDH3B4.tar.gz

其中sqoop-1.2.0-CDH3B4依赖hadoop-core-0.20.2-CDH3B4.jar，所以你需要下载hadoop-0.20.2-CDH3B4.tar.gz，解压缩后将hadoop-0.20.2-CDH3B4/hadoop-core-0.20.2-CDH3B4.jar复制到sqoop-1.2.0-CDH3B4/lib中。

另外，sqoop导入mysql数据运行过程中依赖mysql-connector-java-*.jar，所以你需要下载mysql-connector-java-*.jar并复制到sqoop-1.2.0-CDH3B4/lib中。

2、修改SQOOP的文件configure-sqoop，注释掉hbase和zookeeper检查（除非你准备使用HABASE等HADOOP上的组件）

#if [ ! -d "${HBASE_HOME}" ]; then
# echo “Error: $HBASE_HOME does not exist!”
# echo ‘Please set $HBASE_HOME to the root of your HBase installation.’
# exit 1
#fi
#if [ ! -d "${ZOOKEEPER_HOME}" ]; then
# echo “Error: $ZOOKEEPER_HOME does not exist!”
# echo ‘Please set $ZOOKEEPER_HOME to the root of your ZooKeeper installation.’
# exit 1
#fi

3、启动HADOOP，配置好相关环境变量（例如$HADOOP_HOME），就可以使用SQOOP了

下面是个从数据库导出表的数据到HDFS上文件的例子

[[email protected] sqoop-1.2.0-CDH3B4]$ bin/sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://XXXX:XX/crm --username crm --password 123456 --table company -m 1
11/09/21 15:45:25 WARN tool.BaseSqoopTool: Setting your password on the command-line is insecure. Consider using -P instead.
11/09/21 15:45:26 INFO tool.CodeGenTool: Beginning code generation
11/09/21 15:45:26 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM `company` AS t LIMIT 1
11/09/21 15:45:26 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM `company` AS t LIMIT 1
11/09/21 15:45:26 INFO orm.CompilationManager: HADOOP_HOME is /home/wanghai01/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/..
11/09/21 15:45:26 INFO orm.CompilationManager: Found hadoop core jar at: /home/wanghai01/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../hadoop-0.20.2-core.jar
11/09/21 15:45:26 ERROR orm.CompilationManager: Could not rename /tmp/sqoop-wanghai01/compile/2bd70cf2b712a9c7cdb0860722ea7c18/company.java to /home/wanghai01/cloudera/sqoop-1.2.0-CDH3B4/./company.java
11/09/21 15:45:26 INFO orm.CompilationManager: Writing jar file: /tmp/sqoop-wanghai01/compile/2bd70cf2b712a9c7cdb0860722ea7c18/company.jar
11/09/21 15:45:26 WARN manager.MySQLManager: It looks like you are importing from mysql.
11/09/21 15:45:26 WARN manager.MySQLManager: This transfer can be faster! Use the --direct
11/09/21 15:45:26 WARN manager.MySQLManager: option to exercise a MySQL-specific fast path.
11/09/21 15:45:26 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Setting zero DATETIME behavior to convertToNull (mysql)
11/09/21 15:45:26 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Beginning import of company
11/09/21 15:45:27 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM `company` AS t LIMIT 1
11/09/21 15:45:28 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_201109211521_0001
11/09/21 15:45:29 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 0% reduce 0%
11/09/21 15:45:40 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 100% reduce 0%
11/09/21 15:45:42 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job complete: job_201109211521_0001
11/09/21 15:45:42 INFO mapred.JobClient: Counters: 5
11/09/21 15:45:42 INFO mapred.JobClient:   Job Counters
11/09/21 15:45:42 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Launched map tasks=1
11/09/21 15:45:42 INFO mapred.JobClient:   FileSystemCounters
11/09/21 15:45:42 INFO mapred.JobClient:     HDFS_BYTES_WRITTEN=44
11/09/21 15:45:42 INFO mapred.JobClient:   Map-Reduce Framework
11/09/21 15:45:42 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Map input records=8
11/09/21 15:45:42 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Spilled Records=0
11/09/21 15:45:42 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Map output records=8
11/09/21 15:45:42 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Transferred 44 bytes in 15.0061 seconds (2.9321 bytes/sec)
11/09/21 15:45:42 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Retrieved 8 records.

查看一下数据

[[email protected] sqoop-1.2.0-CDH3B4]$ hadoop fs -cat /user/wanghai01/company/part-m-00000
1,xx
2,eee
1,xx
2,eee
1,xx
2,eee
1,xx
2,eee

到数据库中查一下验证一下

mysql> select * from company;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | xx   |
|    2 | eee  |
|    1 | xx   |
|    2 | eee  |
|    1 | xx   |
|    2 | eee  |
|    1 | xx   |
|    2 | eee  |
+------+------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OK，是没有问题的。仔细看执行命令时打出的信息，会发现一个ERROR，这是因为之前我执行过此命令失败了，而再次执行的时候相关的临时数据没有清理。

 

本篇文章来源于 Linux公社网站(www.linuxidc.com)  原文链接：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-10/45081.htm

 

===================================================

SQOOP是一款开源的工具，主要用于在HADOOP与传统的数据库间进行数据的传递，下面从SQOOP用户手册上摘录一段描述

Sqoopis a tool designed to transfer data between Hadoop and relational databases.You can use Sqoop to import data from a relational database management system(RDBMS) such as MySQL or Oracle into the Hadoop Distributed File System(HDFS),transform the data in Hadoop MapReduce, and then export the data backinto an RDBMS.

SQOOP是Cloudera公司开源的一款在HDFS以及数据库之间传输数据的软件。内部通过JDBC连接HADOOP以及数据库，因此从理论上来讲，只要是支持JDBC的数据库，SQOOP都可以兼容。并且，SQOOP不仅能把数据以文件的形式导入到HDFS上，还可以直接导入数据到HBASE或者HIVE中。

下面是一些性能测试数据，仅供参考：

表名：tb_keywords

行数：11628209

数据文件大小：1.4G

 
 HDFS –> DB
 DB -> HDFS
 
SQOOP
 428s
 166s
 
HDFS<->FILE<->DB
 209s
 105s
 

从结果上来看，以FILE作为中转方式性能是要高于SQOOP的。原因如下：

1、 本质上SQOOP使用的是JDBC，效率不会比MYSQL自带的到导入\导出工具效率高

2、 以导入数据到DB为例，SQOOP的设计思想是分阶段提交，也就是说假设一个表有1K行，那么它会先读出100行（默认值），然后插入，提交，再读取100行……如此往复

即便如此，SQOOP也是有优势的，比如说使用的便利性，任务执行的容错性等。在一些测试环境中如果需要的话可以考虑把它拿来作为一个工具使用。

下面是一些操作记录

[[email protected] bin]$ sh export.sh
Fri Sep 23 20:15:47 CST 2011
11/09/23 20:15:48 WARN tool.BaseSqoopTool: Setting your password on the command-line is insecure. Consider using -P instead.
11/09/23 20:15:48 INFO tool.CodeGenTool: Beginning code generation
11/09/23 20:15:48 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM `tb_keyword_data_201104` AS t LIMIT 1
11/09/23 20:15:48 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM `tb_keyword_data_201104` AS t LIMIT 1
11/09/23 20:15:48 INFO orm.CompilationManager: HADOOP_HOME is /home/wanghai01/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/..
11/09/23 20:15:48 INFO orm.CompilationManager: Found hadoop core jar at: /home/wanghai01/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../hadoop-0.20.2-core.jar
11/09/23 20:15:49 ERROR orm.CompilationManager: Could not rename /tmp/sqoop-wanghai01/compile/eb16aae87a119b93acb3bc6ea74b5e97/tb_keyword_data_201104.java to /home/wanghai01/cloudera/sqoop-1.2.0-CDH3B4/bin/./tb_keyword_data_201104.java
11/09/23 20:15:49 INFO orm.CompilationManager: Writing jar file: /tmp/sqoop-wanghai01/compile/eb16aae87a119b93acb3bc6ea74b5e97/tb_keyword_data_201104.jar
11/09/23 20:15:49 INFO mapreduce.ExportJobBase: Beginning export of tb_keyword_data_201104
11/09/23 20:15:49 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM `tb_keyword_data_201104` AS t LIMIT 1
11/09/23 20:15:49 INFO input.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 1
11/09/23 20:15:49 INFO input.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 1
11/09/23 20:15:49 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_201109211521_0012
11/09/23 20:15:50 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 0% reduce 0%
11/09/23 20:16:04 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 1% reduce 0%
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11/09/23 20:22:55 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job complete: job_201109211521_0012
11/09/23 20:22:55 INFO mapred.JobClient: Counters: 6
11/09/23 20:22:55 INFO mapred.JobClient:   Job Counters
11/09/23 20:22:55 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Launched map tasks=4
11/09/23 20:22:55 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Data-local map tasks=4
11/09/23 20:22:55 INFO mapred.JobClient:   FileSystemCounters
11/09/23 20:22:55 INFO mapred.JobClient:     HDFS_BYTES_READ=1392402240
11/09/23 20:22:55 INFO mapred.JobClient:   Map-Reduce Framework
11/09/23 20:22:55 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Map input records=11628209
11/09/23 20:22:55 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Spilled Records=0
11/09/23 20:22:55 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Map output records=11628209
11/09/23 20:22:55 INFO mapreduce.ExportJobBase: Transferred 1.2968 GB in 425.642 seconds (3.1198 MB/sec)
11/09/23 20:22:55 INFO mapreduce.ExportJobBase: Exported 11628209 records.
Fri Sep 23 20:22:55 CST 2011

###############

[[email protected] bin]$ sh import.sh
Fri Sep 23 20:40:33 CST 2011
11/09/23 20:40:33 WARN tool.BaseSqoopTool: Setting your password on the command-line is insecure. Consider using -P instead.
11/09/23 20:40:33 INFO tool.CodeGenTool: Beginning code generation
11/09/23 20:40:33 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM `tb_keyword_data_201104` AS t LIMIT 1
11/09/23 20:40:33 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM `tb_keyword_data_201104` AS t LIMIT 1
11/09/23 20:40:33 INFO orm.CompilationManager: HADOOP_HOME is /home/wanghai01/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/..
11/09/23 20:40:33 INFO orm.CompilationManager: Found hadoop core jar at: /home/wanghai01/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../hadoop-0.20.2-core.jar
11/09/23 20:40:34 ERROR orm.CompilationManager: Could not rename /tmp/sqoop-wanghai01/compile/a913cede5621df95376a26c1af737ee2/tb_keyword_data_201104.java to /home/wanghai01/cloudera/sqoop-1.2.0-CDH3B4/bin/./tb_keyword_data_201104.java
11/09/23 20:40:34 INFO orm.CompilationManager: Writing jar file: /tmp/sqoop-wanghai01/compile/a913cede5621df95376a26c1af737ee2/tb_keyword_data_201104.jar
11/09/23 20:40:34 WARN manager.MySQLManager: It looks like you are importing from mysql.
11/09/23 20:40:34 WARN manager.MySQLManager: This transfer can be faster! Use the --direct
11/09/23 20:40:34 WARN manager.MySQLManager: option to exercise a MySQL-specific fast path.
11/09/23 20:40:34 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Setting zero DATETIME behavior to convertToNull (mysql)
11/09/23 20:40:34 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Beginning import of tb_keyword_data_201104
11/09/23 20:40:34 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM `tb_keyword_data_201104` AS t LIMIT 1
11/09/23 20:40:40 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_201109211521_0014
11/09/23 20:40:41 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 0% reduce 0%
11/09/23 20:40:54 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 25% reduce 0%
11/09/23 20:40:57 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 50% reduce 0%
11/09/23 20:41:36 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 75% reduce 0%
11/09/23 20:42:00 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 100% reduce 0%
11/09/23 20:43:19 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job complete: job_201109211521_0014
11/09/23 20:43:19 INFO mapred.JobClient: Counters: 5
11/09/23 20:43:19 INFO mapred.JobClient:   Job Counters
11/09/23 20:43:19 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Launched map tasks=4
11/09/23 20:43:19 INFO mapred.JobClient:   FileSystemCounters
11/09/23 20:43:19 INFO mapred.JobClient:     HDFS_BYTES_WRITTEN=1601269219
11/09/23 20:43:19 INFO mapred.JobClient:   Map-Reduce Framework
11/09/23 20:43:19 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Map input records=11628209
11/09/23 20:43:19 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Spilled Records=0
11/09/23 20:43:19 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Map output records=11628209
11/09/23 20:43:19 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Transferred 1.4913 GB in 165.0126 seconds (9.2544 MB/sec)
11/09/23 20:43:19 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Retrieved 11628209 records.
Fri Sep 23 20:43:19 CST 2011

import.sh和export.sh中的主要命令如下

/home/wanghai01/cloudera/sqoop-1.2.0-CDH3B4/bin/sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://XXXX/crm --username XX --password XX --table tb_keyword_data_201104 --split-by winfo_id --target-dir /user/wanghai01/data/ --fields-terminated-by '\t' --lines-terminated-by '\n' --input-null-string '' --input-null-non-string ''
/home/wanghai01/cloudera/sqoop-1.2.0-CDH3B4/bin/sqoop export --connect jdbc:mysql://XXXX/crm --username XX --password XX --table tb_keyword_data_201104 --export-dir /user/wanghai01/data/ --fields-terminated-by '\t' --lines-terminated-by '\n' --input-null-string '' --input-null-non-string ''

 

本篇文章来源于 Linux公社网站(www.linuxidc.com)  原文链接：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-10/45080.htm

 

=============================================

 

Sqoop是一个用来将Hadoop和关系型数据库中的数据相互转移的工具，可以将一个关系型数据库（例如 ： MySQL ,Oracle ,Postgres等）中的数据导入到Hadoop的HDFS中，也可以将HDFS的数据导入到关系型数据库中。

Sqoop的User Guide地址：http://archive.cloudera.com/cdh/3/sqoop/SqoopUserGuide.html#_introduction

1:tar zxvf  sqoop-1.1.0.tar.gz

2:修改配置文件  /home/hadoopuser/sqoop-1.1.0/conf/sqoop-site.xml

一般只需要修改如下几个项：

sqoop.metastore.client.enable.autoconnect
sqoop.metastore.client.autoconnect.url
sqoop.metastore.client.autoconnect.username
sqoop.metastore.client.autoconnect.password
sqoop.metastore.server.location
sqoop.metastore.server.port

3：

 bin/sqoop help

 bin/sqoop help import

4:

[hadoopuser@master  sqoop-1.1.0]$ bin/sqoop  import --connect jdbc:mysql://localhost/ppc --table data_ip  --username kwps -P

Enter password:

11/02/18 10:51:58 ERROR sqoop.Sqoop: Got exception running Sqoop: java.lang.RuntimeException: Could not find appropriate Hadoop shim for 0.20.2

java.lang.RuntimeException: Could not find appropriate Hadoop shim for 0.20.2

        at com.cloudera.sqoop.shims.ShimLoader.loadShim(ShimLoader.java:190)

        at com.cloudera.sqoop.shims.ShimLoader.getHadoopShim(ShimLoader.java:109)

        at com.cloudera.sqoop.tool.BaseSqoopTool.init(BaseSqoopTool.java:173)

        at com.cloudera.sqoop.tool.ImportTool.init(ImportTool.java:81)

        at com.cloudera.sqoop.tool.ImportTool.run(ImportTool.java:411)

        at com.cloudera.sqoop.Sqoop.run(Sqoop.java:134)

        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:65)

        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:79)

        at com.cloudera.sqoop.Sqoop.runSqoop(Sqoop.java:170)

        at com.cloudera.sqoop.Sqoop.runTool(Sqoop.java:196)

        at com.cloudera.sqoop.Sqoop.main(Sqoop.java:205)

解决办法:

默认情况下:

./hadoop-0.20.2/conf/hadoop-env.sh

# Extra Java runtime options.  Empty by default.
# export HADOOP_OPTS=-server

需要更改成:

export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Dsqoop.shim.jar.dir=/home/hadoopuser/sqoop-1.1.0/shims"

特别需要注意的是：

Sqoop目前在Apache 版本的Hadoop 0.20.2上是无法使用的。

目前只支持CDH 3 beta 2版本。所以如果想使用的话，得升级到 CDH 3 beta 2版本了。

“Sqoop does not run with Apache Hadoop 0.20.2. The only supported platform is CDH 3 beta 2. It requires features of MapReduce not available in the Apache 0.20.2 release of Hadoop. You should upgrade to CDH 3 beta 2 if you want to run Sqoop 1.0.0.”

这个问题 已经被Cloudera 标记为 Major Bug，希望能尽快解决吧。

 

本篇文章来源于 Linux公社网站(www.linuxidc.com)  原文链接：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-08/41442.htm