今天看JavaScript高级程序设计第8章检测浏览器和操作系统时,发现浏览器发展历史带着一种没有统一规范的过程走到了今天,这些混乱的过程,主要体现在user-agent字符串内容上,用了Win的人,很多都无知地认为世界只有IE这么一个浏览器,对他们来说带着一种打开浏览器就是打开IE的意思,没有Mozilla,Opera,Konqueror,Safari,NetScape这些可选的概念,但对于Web人员则不能对这些无知了,一个可靠的javaScript脚必须针对不同的客户平台作出不同准确识别,不单是浏览器类型对javaScript函数调用有关,浏览器依附的操作系统平台对浏览器的支持功能也有制约和支持,书中附带的detect.js,软完整给出了针对一系列用户浏览器和操作系统平台的检测,虽然直接对Code看难理解,不过跟着书本解析,理解起来还是不难的,里面几乎全是通过对user-agent字符串信息分析得到的,我往代码里添加了自己的注释,
detect.js
//全局变量 //userAgent--用户代理头字符串的字符串表示 //appVersion--浏览器版本信息的字符串表示 var sUserAgent = navigator.userAgent; var fAppVersion = parseFloat(navigator.appVersion); //比较usr-agent字符串里关于浏览器版本信息,两个比较参数不等位的,就在位小的一个后面全补0 /** * @params Version1, sVersion2 比较参数 * @return 1表示version1版本高,-1表示sVersion2版本高,0表示两个user-Agent版本一样 * 通过指定某一个版本参数,再根据返回值,则得知用户浏览器的版本信息 */ function compareVersions(sVersion1, sVersion2) { var aVersion1 = sVersion1.split("."); var aVersion2 = sVersion2.split("."); if (aVersion1.length > aVersion2.length) { for (var i=0; i < aVersion1.length - aVersion2.length; i++) { aVersion2.push("0"); } } else if (aVersion1.length < aVersion2.length) { for (var i=0; i < aVersion2.length - aVersion1.length; i++) { aVersion1.push("0"); } } for (var i=0; i < aVersion1.length; i++) { if (aVersion1[i] < aVersion2[i]) { return -1; } else if (aVersion1[i] > aVersion2[i]) { return 1; } } return 0; } //检测是不是Opera浏览器 var isOpera = sUserAgent.indexOf("Opera") > -1; var isMinOpera4 = isMinOpera5 = isMinOpera6 = isMinOpera7 = isMinOpera7_5 = false; if (isOpera) { var fOperaVersion; //检测user-agent以Opera开始,得到浏览器版本数字 if(navigator.appName == "Opera") { fOperaVersion = fAppVersion; } else { //检测user-agent其中包含Opera和一或多个数字,再带一个.再带一个或多个数字;得到浏览器版本数字 var reOperaVersion = new RegExp("Opera (\\d+\\.\\d+)"); reOperaVersion.test(sUserAgent); fOperaVersion = parseFloat(RegExp["$1"]); } //得到准确的Opera版本类型 isMinOpera4 = fOperaVersion >= 4; isMinOpera5 = fOperaVersion >= 5; isMinOpera6 = fOperaVersion >= 6; isMinOpera7 = fOperaVersion >= 7; isMinOpera7_5 = fOperaVersion >= 7.5; } //检测是不是KTHML或Safari浏览器 var isKHTML = sUserAgent.indexOf("KHTML") > -1 || sUserAgent.indexOf("Konqueror") > -1 || sUserAgent.indexOf("AppleWebKit") > -1; //默认组赋值 var isMinSafari1 = isMinSafari1_2 = false; var isMinKonq2_2 = isMinKonq3 = isMinKonq3_1 = isMinKonq3_2 = false; if (isKHTML) { isSafari = sUserAgent.indexOf("AppleWebKit") > -1; isKonq = sUserAgent.indexOf("Konqueror") > -1; if (isSafari) { var reAppleWebKit = new RegExp("AppleWebKit\\/(\\d+(?:\\.\\d*)?)"); reAppleWebKit.test(sUserAgent); var fAppleWebKitVersion = parseFloat(RegExp["$1"]); isMinSafari1 = fAppleWebKitVersion >= 85; isMinSafari1_2 = fAppleWebKitVersion >= 124; } else if (isKonq) { var reKonq = new RegExp("Konqueror\\/(\\d+(?:\\.\\d+(?:\\.\\d)?)?)"); reKonq.test(sUserAgent); isMinKonq2_2 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "2.2") >= 0; isMinKonq3 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "3.0") >= 0; isMinKonq3_1 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "3.1") >= 0; isMinKonq3_2 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "3.2") >= 0; } } //检测是不是IE浏览器 var isIE = sUserAgent.indexOf("compatible") > -1 && sUserAgent.indexOf("MSIE") > -1 && !isOpera; var isMinIE4 = isMinIE5 = isMinIE5_5 = isMinIE6 = false; if (isIE) { var reIE = new RegExp("MSIE (\\d+\\.\\d+);"); reIE.test(sUserAgent); var fIEVersion = parseFloat(RegExp["$1"]); isMinIE4 = fIEVersion >= 4; isMinIE5 = fIEVersion >= 5; isMinIE5_5 = fIEVersion >= 5.5; isMinIE6 = fIEVersion >= 6.0; } //检测是不是Mozllia浏览器 var isMoz = sUserAgent.indexOf("Gecko") > -1 && !isKHTML; var isMinMoz1 = sMinMoz1_4 = isMinMoz1_5 = false; if (isMoz) { var reMoz = new RegExp("rv:(\\d+\\.\\d+(?:\\.\\d+)?)"); reMoz.test(sUserAgent); isMinMoz1 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "1.0") >= 0; isMinMoz1_4 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "1.4") >= 0; isMinMoz1_5 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "1.5") >= 0; } //检测是不是NetScape Communicator4.x浏览器 var isNS4 = !isIE && !isOpera && !isMoz && !isKHTML && (sUserAgent.indexOf("Mozilla") == 0) && (navigator.appName == "Netscape") && (fAppVersion >= 4.0 && fAppVersion < 5.0); var isMinNS4 = isMinNS4_5 = isMinNS4_7 = isMinNS4_8 = false; if (isNS4) { isMinNS4 = true; isMinNS4_5 = fAppVersion >= 4.5; isMinNS4_7 = fAppVersion >= 4.7; isMinNS4_8 = fAppVersion >= 4.8; } //~~~~~~~~~~~~~~检测客户操作系统平台~~~~~~~~~~~ //检测Win平台标志 var isWin = (navigator.platform == "Win32") || (navigator.platform == "Windows"); //检测Macintosh平台标志 var isMac = (navigator.platform == "Mac68K") || (navigator.platform == "MacPPC") || (navigator.platform == "Macintosh"); //检测Unix平台标志 var isUnix = (navigator.platform == "X11") && !isWin && !isMac; //平台具体版本号组赋值 var isWin95 = isWin98 = isWinNT4 = isWin2K = isWinME = isWinXP = false; var isMac68K = isMacPPC = false; var isSunOS = isMinSunOS4 = isMinSunOS5 = isMinSunOS5_5 = false; //得到准确的平台版本类型 if (isWin) { isWin95 = sUserAgent.indexOf("Win95") > -1 || sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows 95") > -1; isWin98 = sUserAgent.indexOf("Win98") > -1 || sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows 98") > -1; isWinME = sUserAgent.indexOf("Win 9x 4.90") > -1 || sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows ME") > -1; isWin2K = sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows NT 5.0") > -1 || sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows 2000") > -1; isWinXP = sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows NT 5.1") > -1 || sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows XP") > -1; isWinNT4 = sUserAgent.indexOf("WinNT") > -1 || sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows NT") > -1 || sUserAgent.indexOf("WinNT4.0") > -1 || sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows NT 4.0") > -1 && (!isWinME && !isWin2K && !isWinXP); } //得到准确的平台版本类型 if (isMac) { isMac68K = sUserAgent.indexOf("Mac_68000") > -1 || sUserAgent.indexOf("68K") > -1; isMacPPC = sUserAgent.indexOf("Mac_PowerPC") > -1 || sUserAgent.indexOf("PPC") > -1; } //得到准确的平台版本类型 if (isUnix) { isSunOS = sUserAgent.indexOf("SunOS") > -1; if (isSunOS) { var reSunOS = new RegExp("SunOS (\\d+\\.\\d+(?:\\.\\d+)?)"); reSunOS.test(sUserAgent); isMinSunOS4 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "4.0") >= 0; isMinSunOS5 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "5.0") >= 0; isMinSunOS5_5 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "5.5") >= 0; } }