常见的abap面试题目

参考答案： http://www.sap-img.com/abap/more-than-100-abap-interview-faqs.htm

1. What is the typical structure of an ABAP program?   //ABAP程序的基本结构是什么？

HEADER ,BODY,FOOTER.

2. What are field symbols and field groups.? Have you used "component idx of structure" clause with field groups?
在ABAP/4 程序中，字段符号是现有字段的占位符。字段符号本身不直接为字段保留空间， 而只是指向一个字段（ 该字段在程序运行前还未可知）。 字段符号可以与程序语言C 中的指针概念相比较（ 即，用内容 操作符 * 表示的指针 ）。然而， 在 ABAP/4 中，从变量的意义上说，与指针不是真正等价的，此处，变量包含内存地址，并且不用内容操作符即可使用。您只 能使用字段符号指向的数据对象。

将摘录记录定义为字段组
摘录数据集由一系列记录组成。这些记录可以有不同的结构。所有具有相同结构的记录形成 一个记录类 型。必须使用 FIELD-GROUPS 语句将摘录数据集的每 个记录类型定义为字段组。

语法
FIELD-GROUPS <fg></fg>.
该语句定义了字段组<fg></fg>。字段组将几个字段组合到一个名称下。
字段组不为字段保留存储空间，但它包含现有字段的指针。用记录填充摘录数据集时，这些 指针将决定存储记录的内容。


3. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?   //写BDC程序的一般步骤是什么

STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED "CONVERSION".
STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA TRANSFER".
STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE
          i)call transaction(Write the program explicity)
         ii) create sessions (sessions are created and processed.if success data will transfer).

我做的最多的就是用SHDB生成源代码，然后再进行适当的修改

4. What is a batch input session?

BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table.
Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed,program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.

5. What is the alternative to batch input session?

Call transaction.

6. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the program and the batch session in background. How to do it?
     go to SM36 and create background job by giving
     job name,job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING)

7. What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at the database level?

8. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? How is batch input process different from processing on line?

9. What do you define in the domain and data element?   //如何定义domain和element？这是内表定义的基本工作

se11

10. What are the different types of data dictionary objects?

11. How many types of tables exists and what are they in data dictionary? 

12. What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary? //如何在数据字典中创建一个表

se11 ->创建一个表，输入表类型

然后输入表的字段(如果要找不到参考element，要创建element)

在技术设置中进行表的属性设置

货币类型需要输入参考字段 如：NETWR 与WAERK

13. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically?

14. What are the domains and data elements?

数据元素都会参考一个domain，domain的内容包括：数据类型、长度、小数位等

15. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?   //

考察创建element与domain的技术 ：se11

16. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?

17. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?
18. What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?   //collect与append的区别
19. What is open sql vs native sql?
native直接传送SQL到数据库

20. What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it?
无法进行调试及错误检查

21. What is the meaning of ABAP editor integrated with ABAP data dictionary?
22. What are the events in ABAP language?
23. What is an interactive report? What is the obvious diff of such report compared with classical type reports?
24. What is a drill down report?
25. How do you write a function module in SAP? describe.
如何写一个function： se37
import与export
26. What are the exceptions in function module?
27. What is a function group?
28. How are the date abd time field values stored in SAP?
29. What are the fields in a BDC_Tab Table.
PROGRAM DYNPRO DYNBEGIN  FNAM  FVAL

30. Name a few data dictionary objects?
31. What happens when a table is activated in DD?
32. What is a check table and what is a value table?
33. What are match codes? describe?
34. What transactions do you use for data analysis?
se12 se16
35. What is table maintenance generator?
se11中创建 sm31中使用
36. What are ranges? What are number ranges?

37. What are select options and what is the diff from parameters?

38. How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display initial values in a selection screen?

39. What are selection texts?
40. What is CTS and what do you know about it?
41. When a program is created and need to be transported to prodn does selection texts always go with it? if not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do you do it?
42. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent?
43. Are programs client dependent?
44. Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP programs?
45. What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal table? How to use a specific number occurs statement?

46. How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs?
47. What are datasets?
48. How to find the return code of a stmt in ABAP programs?
49. What are interface/conversion programs in SAP?
50. Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data?
51. What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied programs? Do you prefer to write your own programs to load master data? Why?

52. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?

逻辑数据库是特殊的 ABAP/4 程序，将一 定数据库表的内容组合 在一起。可以将逻辑数据库链接为 ABAP/4 报表程序的属性。这样，逻辑数据库就可向报表程序提供一组层次结构表格行。 该层次结构表格行可从不同数据库表中提取。

创建或维护逻辑数据库的事务是SE36 或者SLDB。 选择 “工具 -> ABAP/4 工作台 -> 开发 -> 编程环境 -> 逻辑数据库”。

53. What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down report?
54. What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used?
55. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP query tool?
56. What are the functional areas? User groups? and how does ABAP query work in relation to these?
57. Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP query?
58. What is the structure of a BDC sessions.
59. What are Change header/detail tables? Have you used them?
60. What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch session?
61. What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions?
62. How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are the event driven batch jobs?
63. Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run?
64. What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relavent table for that?
65. Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages?
66. What is a currency factoring technique?
67. How do you document ABAP programs? Do you use program documentation menu option?
68. What is SAPscript and layout set?
69. What are the ABAP commands that link to a layout set?
70. What is output determination?
71. What are IDOCs?
72. What are screen painter? menu painter? Gui status? ..etc.
73. What is screen flow logic? What are the sections in it? Explain PAI and PBO.
74. Overall how do you write transaction programs in SAP?
75. Does SAP has a GUI screen painter or not? If yes what operating systems is it available on? What is the other type of screen painter called?
76. What are step loops? How do you program pagedown pageup in step loops?
77. Is ABAP a GUI language?
78. Normally how many and what files get created when a transaction program is written? What is the XXXXXTOP program?
79. What are the include programs?
80. Can you call a subroutine of one program from another program?
81. What are user exits? What is involved in writing them? What precations are needed?
82. What are RFCs? How do you write RFCs on SAP side?
83. What are the general naming conventions of ABAP programs?
84. How do you find if a logical database exists for your program requrements?
85. How do you find the tables to report from when the user just tell you the transaction he uses? And all the underlying data is from SAP structures?
86. How do you find the menu path for a given transaction in SAP?
87. What are the different modules of SAP?
88. What is IMG in SAP?
89. How do you get help in ABAP?
90. What are different ABAP editors? What are the differences?
91. What are the different elements in layout sets?
92. Can you use if then else, perform ..etc statements in sap script?
93. What type of variables normally used in sap script to output data?
94. How do you number pages in sapscript layout outputs?
95. What takes most time in SAP script programming?
96. How do you use tab sets in layout sets?
97. How do you backup sapscript layout sets? Can you download and upload? How?
98. What are presentation and application servers in SAP?
99. In an ABAP program how do you access data that exists on a presentation server vs on an application server?
100. What are different data types in ABAP?
101. What is difference between BDC and Call Transaction?
102. Setting up a BDC program where you find information from?
103. What has to be done to the packed fields before submitting to a BDC session.