关于platform_driver 是如何匹配 platform_device的和如何调用到platform_driver中的probe函数的研究


        在linux中platform平台驱动又三大部分组成,第一是bus、第二是驱动、第三是设备。

      第一总线也就是platform_bus,总线也是一种特殊的device,到底层下面还是要调用device_register来注册该总线设备,然后是用来注册总线的属性结构体 bus_type(platform_bus_type),至此platform平台的总线已经准备好。具体介绍可以看我另一篇博客。

      第二是设备,platform_device,它的注册流程是:platform_device_register(struct platform_device *pdev)->device_initialize(&pdev->dev)->platform_device_add(pdev)->pdev->dev.bus = &platform_bus_type->device_add(&pdev->dev)->把设备挂在虚拟的platform bus下。

       第三是驱动,现在总线、设备都准备好了,然后等着驱动来匹配设备进行驱动,具体的驱动匹配设备流程如下:

 1、

int platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *drv) { drv->driver.bus = &platform_bus_type;//驱动的总线类型指向platform_bus_type if (drv->probe) drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe; if (drv->remove) drv->driver.remove = platform_drv_remove; if (drv->shutdown) drv->driver.shutdown = platform_drv_shutdown; if (drv->suspend) drv->driver.suspend = platform_drv_suspend; if (drv->resume) drv->driver.resume = platform_drv_resume; return driver_register(&drv->driver); }


 2、

int driver_register(struct device_driver *drv) { int ret; struct device_driver *other; BUG_ON(!drv->bus->p); //检测总线的操作函数和驱动的操作函数是否同时存在,同时存在则提示使用总线提供的操作函数 if ((drv->bus->probe && drv->probe) || (drv->bus->remove && drv->remove) || (drv->bus->shutdown && drv->shutdown)) printk(KERN_WARNING "Driver '%s' needs updating - please use " "bus_type methods\n", drv->name); //查找这个驱动是否已经在总线上注册,并增加引用计数,若已经注册,则返回提示信息。 other = driver_find(drv->name, drv->bus); if (other) { //如果已经被注册,则返回提示错误并且减少引用计数。 put_driver(other); printk(KERN_ERR "Error: Driver '%s' is already registered, " "aborting...\n", drv->name); return -EEXIST; } //若还没有注册,则在总线上注册该驱动 ret = bus_add_driver(drv); if (ret) return ret; ret = driver_add_groups(drv, drv->groups); if (ret) bus_remove_driver(drv); return ret; }


3、

 

int bus_add_driver(struct device_driver *drv) { struct bus_type *bus; struct driver_private *priv; int error = 0; //用于增加该bus所属的顶层bus的kobject的引用计数,返回的是其所属的顶层bus的指针。 bus = bus_get(drv->bus); if (!bus) return -EINVAL; pr_debug("bus: '%s': add driver %s\n", bus->name, drv->name); priv = kzalloc(sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL); if (!priv) { error = -ENOMEM; goto out_put_bus; } klist_init(&priv->klist_devices, NULL, NULL); //将这两个结构体连接起来 priv->driver = drv; drv->p = priv; //指向顶层的bus的p->drivers_kset //设置私有数据的父容器,在这一步中,设置了kset为platform下的drivers_kset结构,也就是drivers呢个目录 priv->kobj.kset = bus->p->drivers_kset; //初始化kobj对象,设置容器操作集并建立相应的目录,这里由于没有提供parent,所以会使用父容器中的kobj为父对象 error = kobject_init_and_add(&priv->kobj, &driver_ktype, NULL, "%s", drv->name); if (error) goto out_unregister; //检测所属总线的drivers_autoprobe属性是否为真 //为真则进行与设备的匹配,到这里,就会与我们之前注册的test_device连接上了, //至于如何连接,进行了什么操作,将在别的文章中详细描述 if (drv->bus->p->drivers_autoprobe) { error = driver_attach(drv); if (error) goto out_unregister; } //挂载到所属总线驱动链表上 klist_add_tail(&priv->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_drivers); module_add_driver(drv->owner, drv); //建立uevent属性文件 error = driver_create_file(drv, &driver_attr_uevent); if (error) { printk(KERN_ERR "%s: uevent attr (%s) failed\n", __func__, drv->name); } //建立设备属性文件 error = driver_add_attrs(bus, drv); if (error) { /* How the hell do we get out of this pickle? Give up */ printk(KERN_ERR "%s: driver_add_attrs(%s) failed\n", __func__, drv->name); } error = add_bind_files(drv); if (error) { /* Ditto */ printk(KERN_ERR "%s: add_bind_files(%s) failed\n", __func__, drv->name); } kobject_uevent(&priv->kobj, KOBJ_ADD); return 0; out_unregister: kfree(drv->p); drv->p = NULL; kobject_put(&priv->kobj); out_put_bus: bus_put(bus); return error; }


 4、驱动的匹配关键是上面函数中的

 if (drv->bus->p->drivers_autoprobe) {//drivers_autoprobe在初始化的时候定义为1,系统则会调用下面的driver_attach函数进行驱动与设备的匹配 error = driver_attach(drv); if (error) goto out_unregister; }



 

int driver_attach(struct device_driver *drv) { return bus_for_each_dev(drv->bus, NULL, drv, __driver_attach); }
 //bus_for_each_dev(drv->bus, NULL, drv, __driver_attach); int bus_for_each_dev(struct bus_type *bus, struct device *start, void *data, int (*fn)(struct device *, void *)) {/* struct klist_iter { struct klist *i_klist; struct klist_node *i_cur; }; */ struct klist_iter i; struct device *dev; int error = 0; if (!bus) return -EINVAL; //如果第三个参数不为空就增加引用计数 klist_iter_init_node(&bus->p->klist_devices, &i, (start ? &start->p->knode_bus : NULL));//一直是NULL //经过上面的宏之后,i实际上变成了i->i_klist=&bus->p->klist_devices,bus->p->klist_devices指向的是挂接在它上面的所有的设备的指针 while ((dev = next_device(&i)) && !error) //fu函数传入的是device的指针和device_driver的指针, error = fn(dev, data); //如果klist_iter_init_node第三个参数不为空则减少引用计数 klist_iter_exit(&i); return error; }


 //寻找到下一个设备的节点

static struct device *next_device(struct klist_iter *i) { struct klist_node *n = klist_next(i); struct device *dev = NULL; struct device_private *dev_prv; if (n) { dev_prv = to_device_private_bus(n); dev = dev_prv->device; } return dev; }


 函数error = fn(dev, data)的原型如下:

传进来的参数第一个参数为不断遍历到的设备节点的指针,第二个参数为固定的一个驱动所对应的struct device_driver *drv指针,这样就实现驱动和设备的匹配

static int __driver_attach(struct device *dev, void *data) { struct device_driver *drv = data; /* * Lock device and try to bind to it. We drop the error * here and always return 0, because we need to keep trying * to bind to devices and some drivers will return an error * simply if it didn't support the device. * * driver_probe_device() will spit a warning if there * is an error. */ //当设备和驱动的名字不匹配的时候返回的是0,然后就会调用下面的return 0; if (!driver_match_device(drv, dev)) return 0; if (dev->parent) /* Needed for USB */ down(&dev->parent->sem); down(&dev->sem); if (!dev->driver) driver_probe_device(drv, dev);//调用探测函数进行探测,并且调用platform_driver中的probe函数 up(&dev->sem); if (dev->parent) up(&dev->parent->sem); return 0; } 


在上面有两个比较关键的函数driver_match_device(dre,dev),函数原型如下:

static inline int driver_match_device(struct device_driver *drv, struct device *dev) { return drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;//无论设备与驱动是否匹配成功都会返回1 }

当驱动的指针不为空的时候,这个drv->bus所指向的的这个驱动所属的的总线的bus_type中的match函数,然后传进去的是该驱动的指针和设备的指针

static int platform_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv) { struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev); struct platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(drv); /* match against the id table first */ if (pdrv->id_table)//为空,不会被调用 return platform_match_id(pdrv->id_table, pdev) != NULL; /* fall-back to driver name match */ return (strcmp(pdev->name, drv->name) == 0); }


最后调用驱动的probe函数进行设备的探测

driver_probe_device(drv, dev);//调用探测函数进行探测,并且调用platform_driver中的probe函数

int driver_probe_device(struct device_driver *drv, struct device *dev) { int ret = 0; //再次检查设备有没有在总线上注册,当发现还没有注册的时候,返回一个错误 if (!device_is_registered(dev)) return -ENODEV; pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: matched device %s with driver %s\n", drv->bus->name, __func__, dev_name(dev), drv->name); ret = really_probe(dev, drv); return ret; }


 

static int really_probe(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv) { int ret = 0; atomic_inc(&probe_count); pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: probing driver %s with device %s\n", drv->bus->name, __func__, drv->name, dev_name(dev)); WARN_ON(!list_empty(&dev->devres_head)); //找到了设备的驱动,并且将dev->driver指针指向自己的这个驱动 dev->driver = drv; if (driver_sysfs_add(dev)) {//在sys目录下建立连接指向自己的在sys中的drivers printk(KERN_ERR "%s: driver_sysfs_add(%s) failed\n", __func__, dev_name(dev)); goto probe_failed; } //在bus_type platform_bus_type中并没有设置probe函数,所以下面函数并不会被调用 if (dev->bus->probe) { ret = dev->bus->probe(dev); if (ret) goto probe_failed; } else if (drv->probe) {//上面总线没有probe函数,所以直接调用驱动当中的probe函数 ret = drv->probe(dev); if (ret) goto probe_failed; } driver_bound(dev); ret = 1; pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: bound device %s to driver %s\n", drv->bus->name, __func__, dev_name(dev), drv->name); goto done; probe_failed: devres_release_all(dev); driver_sysfs_remove(dev); dev->driver = NULL; if (ret != -ENODEV && ret != -ENXIO) { /* driver matched but the probe failed */ printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: probe of %s failed with error %d\n", drv->name, dev_name(dev), ret); } /* * Ignore errors returned by ->probe so that the next driver can try * its luck. */ ret = 0; done: atomic_dec(&probe_count); wake_up(&probe_waitqueue); return ret; }

        至此platform_driver的probe函数实现了调用并且匹配了platform_device
 

 

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