sort命令和wc命令

sort 命令

功能：对文件进行排序
格式：sort [选项] 文件名
选项：

-f：忽略大小写
-n：以数值型进行排序，默认使用字符串型排序
-r：反向排序
-t：指定分隔符，默认分隔符是制表符
-k n[,m]：按照指定的字段范围排序。从第n字段开始，m字段结束（默认到行尾）

示例

按照第一列字母a-z进行排序

[root@localhost home]# sort /etc/passwd
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
cls:x:500:889:dgdzmx:/home/cls:/bin/bash
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
imooc:x:502:889:kk,kk,kk,kk:/home/xxx:/bin/bash
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
lw:x:505:505::/home/lw:/bin/bash
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
nginx:x:498:498:nginx user:/var/cache/nginx:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
tony:x:504:504::/home/tony:/bin/bash
user1:x:503:503::/home/user1:/bin/bash
user2:x:506:506::/home/user2:/bin/bash
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
[root@localhost home]# 

使用“：”分隔符分割，并按照id进行排序

[root@localhost home]# sort -t ":" -k "3,3" /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
nginx:x:498:498:nginx user:/var/cache/nginx:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
cls:x:500:889:dgdzmx:/home/cls:/bin/bash
imooc:x:502:889:kk,kk,kk,kk:/home/xxx:/bin/bash
user1:x:503:503::/home/user1:/bin/bash
tony:x:504:504::/home/tony:/bin/bash
lw:x:505:505::/home/lw:/bin/bash
user2:x:506:506::/home/user2:/bin/bash
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
[root@localhost home]# 

注：因为当成字符串排序了

[root@localhost home]# sort -n -t ":" -k "3,3" /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
nginx:x:498:498:nginx user:/var/cache/nginx:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
cls:x:500:889:dgdzmx:/home/cls:/bin/bash
imooc:x:502:889:kk,kk,kk,kk:/home/xxx:/bin/bash
user1:x:503:503::/home/user1:/bin/bash
tony:x:504:504::/home/tony:/bin/bash
lw:x:505:505::/home/lw:/bin/bash
user2:x:506:506::/home/user2:/bin/bash
[root@localhost home]# 

注意：-n按照数值进行排序

wc命令
功能：统计
格式：wc [选项] 文件名
选项：

-l：只统计行数
-w：只统计单词数
-m：只统计字符串

示例

[root@localhost home]# wc /etc/passwd
  29   38 1278 /etc/passwd
[root@localhost home]# wc -l /etc/passwd
29 /etc/passwd
[root@localhost home]# wc -w /etc/passwd
38 /etc/passwd
[root@localhost home]# wc -m /etc/passwd
1278 /etc/passwd
[root@localhost home]#