一、主机
1、cpu
cpu高 一般为逻辑读高,不排除有些异常的逻辑读sql
工具 描述
uptime 平均负载
vmstat 包括系统范围的cpu平均负载
mpstat 查看所有cpu核信息
top 监控每个进程cpu用量
sar -u 查看cpu信息
pidstat 每个进程cpu用量分解
perf cpu剖析和跟踪,性能计数分析
2、I/O
I/O高 一般为物理(磁盘)读高,可能有全表扫等
工具 描述
iostat 磁盘详细统计信息
iotop 按进程查看磁盘IO的使用情况
pidstat 按进程查看磁盘IO的使用情况
perf 动态跟踪工具
3、内存
内存高 sga(buffer cache、share pool等) ,pga分配内存问题等
工具 描述
free 缓存容量统计信息
vmstat 虚拟内存统计信息
top 监视每个进程的内存使用情况
pidstat 显示活动进程的内存使用统计
pmap 查看进程的内存映像信息
sar -r 查看内存
dtrace 动态跟踪
valgrind 分析程序性能及程序中的内存泄露错误
二、数据库
1、等待事件(当前)
1)查看当前等待事件及数量,如果是库问题 优化参数或调整业务逻辑等,如果是sql问题 继续
col event for a58
select inst_id,event,count(*) from gv$session_wait
where wait_class not like 'Idle'
group by inst_id, event order by 3 desc;
--查询当前执行sql
SELECT b.inst_id,b.sid oracleID,
b.username 登录Oracle用户名,
b.serial#,
spid 操作系统ID,
paddr,
sql_text 正在执行的SQL,
sql_fulltext,
b.machine 计算机名,
b.EVENT,
'alter system kill session '''||b.sid||','||b.serial#||''';'
FROM gv$process a, gv$session b, gv$sql c
WHERE a.addr = b.paddr
AND b.sql_hash_value = c.hash_value
and a.inst_id=1
and b.inst_id=1
and c.inst_id=1
and b.status='ACTIVE'
2)带入等待事件,查到当前等待事件最多的sql
SELECT b.inst_id,b.sid oracleID,
b.username 登录Oracle用户名,
b.serial#,
spid 操作系统ID,
paddr,
sql_text 正在执行的SQL,
sql_fulltext,
b.machine 计算机名,
b.EVENT,
c.SQL_ID,
c.CHILD_NUMBER
FROM gv$process a, gv$session b, gv$sql c
WHERE a.addr = b.paddr
AND b.sql_hash_value = c.hash_value
and event like '%gc current request%'
and a.inst_id=1
and b.inst_id=1
and c.inst_id=1
3)根据具体情况 优化此sql
(1)统计信息是否最新并且准确
--查看表统计时间
select * from dba_tables;
--收集table信息 并行8
SQL> execute dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname=>'&owner',tabname=>'&table_name',cascade=>true,DEGREE=>8,no_invalidate=>false,granularity=>'ALL',method_opt=>'for all columns size 1',estimate_percent =>dbms_stats.auto_sample_size);
--分析收集schema信息
execute dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname=>'&owner',no_invalidate=>false,granularity=>'ALL',method_opt=>'for all columns size 1',degree=>10,cascade=>TRUE,estimate_percent=>dbms_stats.auto_sample_size);
(2)无索引
查看sql中的表是否有索引,并确认是否可以用到索引
选择性是否好
(3)隐式转换,查看历史sql的执行计划来判断是否隐式转换
执行计划
select sql_id,child_number,LAST_ACTIVE_TIME from v$sql where sql_id='&sql_id';
alter session set statistics_level=ALL;
col plan_table_output format A160
set linesize 300\r
col plan_table_output format A160\r
select * from table(dbms_xplan.DISPLAY_CURSOR('&sql_id', &child_number, 'ALL LAST'));
(4)硬解析等情况
select to_char(FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE) as FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE,
count(1) as counts
from v$sql
where FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE > 0
and FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE <> EXACT_MATCHING_SIGNATURE
group by FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE
having count(1) > 50
order by 2 desc;
select substr(sql_text,0,50),count(1)
FROM v$sqlarea
group by substr(sql_text,0,50)
order by 2 desc;
(5)其他情况等
2、等待事件(历史)
提取awr或者ash观察,或者直接用dba_hist_*视图查看如下:
--查看dba_hist_snapshot视图查看snap_id和时间的对应关系
select * from dba_hist_snapshot;
--创建快照
exec dbms_workload_repository.create_snapshot();
--查看等待事件的sql_id排行
col event for a50
select * from (
select event,sql_id,count(1) from dba_hist_active_sess_history t
where snap_id between &snap_id_start and &snap_id_end
and event is not null
and sql_id is not null
group by event,sql_id
order by count(1) desc
)
where rownum<20;
----历史等待事件及sql
with tmp as
(
select t.instance_number,t.event,t.sql_id,count(1) cnt
from dba_hist_active_sess_history t
where t.snap_id between 7104 and 7105
and t.event like '%ITL%'
and t.sql_id is not null
group by instance_number,event,t.sql_id
)
select t1.*,t2.sql_text
from tmp t1,dba_hist_sqltext t2
where t1.sql_id = t2.sql_id
order by cnt desc
--查看sql绑定变量
set linesize 400
col NAME for a10
col value_string for a70
select distinct instance_number,
sql_id,
name,
datatype_string,
last_captured,
value_string
from dba_hist_sqlbind t
where sql_id = '&slq_id'
and t.SNAP_ID between &snap_id_start and &snap_id_end
and instance_number = &inst_id
order by LAST_CAPTURED;
-----快照时间的sql执行时间及逻辑读物理读的统计
SELECT T.SQL_ID,
T.EXECUTIONS_DELTA EXEC_CNT, --快照时间内执行总次数
ROUND(ELAPSED_TIME_DELTA / 1000000, 2) EXEC_TIME, --快照时间内执行总时间 秒
ROUND(ELAPSED_TIME_DELTA /
DECODE(T.EXECUTIONS_DELTA, 0, 1, T.EXECUTIONS_DELTA) /
1000000,
2) EXEC_PER, --快照时间内执行平均时间 秒
PARSING_SCHEMA_NAME SCHEMA,
ROUND(DISK_READS_DELTA ,2) DISK_READS, ----快照时间内 磁盘读 io高
ROUND(BUFFER_GETS_DELTA , 2) BUFFER_GETS, ----快照时间内 逻辑读 cpu高
T1.SQL_TEXT,
to_char(substr(T1.SQL_TEXT,0,80))
FROM DBA_HIST_SQLSTAT T
JOIN DBA_HIST_SQLTEXT T1
ON T.SQL_ID = T1.SQL_ID
WHERE T.SNAP_ID = 6825 --快照时间
AND T.PARSING_SCHEMA_NAME NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM')
AND T.INSTANCE_NUMBER = 1 --节点
AND T.EXECUTIONS_DELTA >= 0 --快照时间内 sql执行总次数