JavaFX控件——FileChooser(文件选择框)

和其他的接口组件不同,FileChooser 不属于javafx.scene.controls包,FileChooser 类在javafx.stage 包下,和其他主要的图形元素在一起,比如:StageWindow,以及Popup

FileChooser提供了一个典型的界面功能:文件系统导航。

打开文件

文件选择器经常用来打开一个窗口来选择文件或者保存文件,最简单是文件选择器的使用如下面代码所示:

FileChooser fileChooser = new FileChooser();
fileChooser.setTitle("Open Resource File");
fileChooser.showOpenDialog(stage);

FileChooser最常用的还是让我们点击一个按钮后弹出文件选择器,看下面这个例子:

import java.awt.Desktop;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.FileChooser;
import javafx.stage.Stage;


public final class FileChooserSample extends Application {

    private final Desktop desktop = Desktop.getDesktop();

    @Override
    public void start(final Stage stage) {
        stage.setTitle("File Chooser Sample");

        final FileChooser fileChooser = new FileChooser();

        final Button openButton = new Button("Open a Picture...");
        final Button openMultipleButton = new Button("Open Pictures...");

        openButton.setOnAction(
            (final ActionEvent e) -> {
                File file = fileChooser.showOpenDialog(stage);
                if (file != null) {
                    openFile(file);
                }
        });
        openMultipleButton.setOnAction(
            (final ActionEvent e) -> { 
                List list =  
                    fileChooser.showOpenMultipleDialog(stage);
                if (list != null) {  
                    list.stream().forEach((file) -> {
                        openFile(file);
                    });
                }
        });

        final GridPane inputGridPane = new GridPane();

        GridPane.setConstraints(openButton, 0, 0);
        GridPane.setConstraints(openMultipleButton, 1, 0);
        inputGridPane.setHgap(6);
        inputGridPane.setVgap(6);
        inputGridPane.getChildren().addAll(openButton, openMultipleButton);

        final Pane rootGroup = new VBox(12);
        rootGroup.getChildren().addAll(inputGridPane);
        rootGroup.setPadding(new Insets(12, 12, 12, 12));

        stage.setScene(new Scene(rootGroup));
        stage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Application.launch(args);
    }

    private void openFile(File file) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
            try {
                desktop.open(file);
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                Logger.getLogger(FileChooserSample.
                        class.getName()).
                        log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            }
        });
    }
}

在该例子中,Open a Picture按钮用来打开一个可以选择一个图片的文件选择器,Open Pictures 按钮可以打开一个可以选择多个图片的文件选择器,setOnAction 方法定义了它们打开按钮的方式。

  • showOpenDialog 方法打开一个文件选择窗口。这个方法的返回值就是用户选择的文件,如果没有选择返回null
  • showOpenMultipleDialog 方法打开一个可以多选的文件窗口。这个方法返回值是用户选择的多个文件,如果没有选择返回null,返回的列表不能被修改,如果尝试修改就会抛出UnsupportedOperationException

代码运行效果如图:

JavaFX控件——FileChooser(文件选择框)_第1张图片

配置文件选择器

在下面的例子调用了initialDirectory 方法来初始化路径,以及设置title属性。

import java.awt.Desktop;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.FileChooser;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public final class FileChooserSample extends Application {

    private final Desktop desktop = Desktop.getDesktop();

    @Override
    public void start(final Stage stage) {
        stage.setTitle("File Chooser Sample");

        final FileChooser fileChooser = new FileChooser();

        final Button openButton = new Button("Open a Picture...");
        final Button openMultipleButton = new Button("Open Pictures...");

        openButton.setOnAction(
            (final ActionEvent e) -> {
                configureFileChooser(fileChooser);
                File file = fileChooser.showOpenDialog(stage);
                if (file != null) {
                    openFile(file);
                }
        });        openMultipleButton.setOnAction(
            (final ActionEvent e) -> {
                configureFileChooser(fileChooser);
                List list = 
                        fileChooser.showOpenMultipleDialog(stage);
                if (list != null) {
                    list.stream().forEach((file) -> {
                        openFile(file);
                    });
                }
        });

        final GridPane inputGridPane = new GridPane();

        GridPane.setConstraints(openButton, 0, 0);
        GridPane.setConstraints(openMultipleButton, 1, 0);
        inputGridPane.setHgap(6);
        inputGridPane.setVgap(6);
        inputGridPane.getChildren().addAll(openButton, openMultipleButton);

        final Pane rootGroup = new VBox(12);
        rootGroup.getChildren().addAll(inputGridPane);
        rootGroup.setPadding(new Insets(12, 12, 12, 12));

        stage.setScene(new Scene(rootGroup));
        stage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Application.launch(args);
    }

    private static void configureFileChooser(final FileChooser fileChooser){                           
        fileChooser.setTitle("View Pictures");
        fileChooser.setInitialDirectory(
            new File(System.getProperty("user.home"))
        ); 
    }

    private void openFile(File file) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
            try {
                desktop.open(file);
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                Logger.getLogger(FileChooserSample.
                        class.getName()).
                        log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            }
        });
    }
}

设置扩展过滤

import java.awt.Desktop;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.FileChooser;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public final class FileChooserSample extends Application {

    private final Desktop desktop = Desktop.getDesktop();

    @Override
    public void start(final Stage stage) {
        stage.setTitle("File Chooser Sample");

        final FileChooser fileChooser = new FileChooser();
        final Button openButton = new Button("Open a Picture...");
        final Button openMultipleButton = new Button("Open Pictures...");     

        openButton.setOnAction(
            (final ActionEvent e) -> {
                configureFileChooser(fileChooser);
                File file = fileChooser.showOpenDialog(stage);
                if (file != null) {
                    openFile(file);
                }
        });

        openMultipleButton.setOnAction(
            (final ActionEvent e) -> {
                configureFileChooser(fileChooser);
                List list = 
                        fileChooser.showOpenMultipleDialog(stage);
                if (list != null) {
                    list.stream().forEach((file) -> {
                        openFile(file);
                    });
                }
        });

        final GridPane inputGridPane = new GridPane();

        GridPane.setConstraints(openButton, 0, 1);
        GridPane.setConstraints(openMultipleButton, 1, 1);
        inputGridPane.setHgap(6);
        inputGridPane.setVgap(6);
        inputGridPane.getChildren().addAll(openButton, openMultipleButton);

        final Pane rootGroup = new VBox(12);
        rootGroup.getChildren().addAll(inputGridPane);
        rootGroup.setPadding(new Insets(12, 12, 12, 12));

        stage.setScene(new Scene(rootGroup));
        stage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Application.launch(args);
    }

    private static void configureFileChooser(
        final FileChooser fileChooser) {      
            fileChooser.setTitle("View Pictures");
            fileChooser.setInitialDirectory(
                new File(System.getProperty("user.home"))
            );                 
            fileChooser.getExtensionFilters().addAll(
                new FileChooser.ExtensionFilter("All Images", "*.*"),
                new FileChooser.ExtensionFilter("JPG", "*.jpg"),
                new FileChooser.ExtensionFilter("PNG", "*.png")
            );
    }

    private void openFile(File file) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
            try {
                desktop.open(file);
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                Logger.getLogger(FileChooserSample.
                        class.getName()).
                        log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            }
        });
    }
}

上面的代码使用FileChooser.ExtensionFilter来设置了一个extension filter,它定义了这些文件类型是可以选择的:所有的图片文件、JPGPNG

当你编译、运行上面的代码时,点击其中的一个按钮,对应的扩展名过滤器将会出现在文件选择框窗体中。如果一个用户选择了JPG,那么在文件选择框中将会仅显示JPG类型的图片。

运行效果如图:
JavaFX控件——FileChooser(文件选择框)_第2张图片

保存文件

除了打开和过滤文件之外,FileChooser 还提供了保存文件的能力。

FileChooser fileChooser = new FileChooser();
File file = fileChooser.showSaveDialog(stage);
if(file != null){
    //将要写入的内容写到file文件中
}

FileChooser类的showSaveDialog方法会打开一个保存对话框窗体。与其他展示对话框的方法一样,showSaveDialog方法返回了被用户选择的文件或者当没有作出选择时返回null

你可能感兴趣的:(JavaFX学习札记)