如果你理解了ComponentScan,你就理解了Spring.
Spring是一个依赖注入(dependency injection)框架。所有的内容都是关于bean的定义及其依赖关系。
定义Spring Beans的第一步是使用正确的注解-@Component或@Service或@Repository.
但是,Spring不知道你定义了某个bean除非它知道从哪里可以找到这个bean.
ComponentScan做的事情就是告诉Spring从哪里找到bean
由你来定义哪些包需要被扫描。一旦你指定了,Spring将会将在被指定的包及其下级的包(sub packages)中寻找bean
下面分别介绍在Spring Boot项目和非Spring Boot项目(如简单的JSP/Servlet或者Spring MVC应用)中如何定义Component Scan
总结:
举个栗子,看下面定义的类
package com.in28minutes.springboot.basics.springbootin10steps;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootIn10StepsApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext applicationContext =
SpringApplication.run(SpringbootIn10StepsApplication.class, args);
for (String name : applicationContext.getBeanDefinitionNames()) {
System.out.println(name);
}
}
}
类 SpringbootIn10StepsApplication
在com.in28minutes.springboot.basics.springbootin10steps
包下,这个类使用了@SpringBootApplication
注解,该注解定义了Spring将自动扫描包com.in28minutes.springboot.basics.springbootin10steps
及其子包下的bean
如果你项目中所有的类都定义在上面的包及其子包下,那你不需要做任何事。
但假如你一个类定义在包com.in28minutes.springboot.somethingelse
下,则你需要将这个新包也纳入扫描的范围,有两个方案可以达到这个目的。
定义@ComponentScan(“com.in28minutes.springboot”)
这么做扫描的范围扩大到整个父包com.in28minutes.springboot
@ComponentScan(“com.in28minutes.springboot”)
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootIn10StepsApplication {
定义分别扫描两个包
@ComponentScan({“com.in28minutes.springboot.basics.springbootin10steps”,”com.in28minutes.springboot.somethingelse”})
@ComponentScan({"com.in28minutes.springboot.basics.springbootin10steps","com.in28minutes.springboot.somethingelse"})
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootIn10StepsApplication {
在非Spring Boot项目中,我们必须显式地使用@ComponentScan注解定义被扫描的包,可以通过XML文件在应用上下文中定义或在Java代码中对应用上下文定义
@ComponentScan({"com.in28minutes.package1","com.in28minutes.package2"})
@Configuration
public class SpringConfiguration {
<context:component-scan base-package="com.in28minutes.package1, com.in28minutes.package2" />
你是否在项目启动中遇到过类似这样的报错:
WARNING: No mapping found for HTTP request with URI [/spring-mvc/login] in DispatcherServlet with name ‘dispatcher’
WARNING: No mapping found for HTTP request with URI [/list-todos] in DispatcherServlet with name ‘dispatcher’
或者:
ERROR:No qualifying bean of type [com.in28minutes.springboot.jpa.UserRepository] found for dependency [com.in28minutes.springboot.jpa.UserRepository]: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}…
报错的根因都是bean没有被Spring找到
遇到这些错误你应该检查:
@Component 和 @ComponentScan的使用目的不一样
http://www.springboottutorial.com/spring-boot-and-component-scan