Section A
大部分写Rails的人都是被手把手的教着TDD、BDD这些东西的，尽管职业生涯中，并没有怎么（几乎没有）为自己的代码写过测试，当然啦，比如写这边文章之前倒是写了一点测试的啦。
Section B
一顿操作猛如虎，当然是先scaffold一个简单的Rails项目啦。
step 1
在这一步你需要安装一些大大小小的依赖，配置环境啦，当然数据库这些无关的 topic 这里就不会在 cover 啦。
rails new testproject && cd testproject && bundle install
在 Gemfile 中添加一些依赖
source 'https://rubygems.org'
git_source(:github) do |repo_name|
repo_name = "#{repo_name}/#{repo_name}" unless repo_name.include?("/")
"https://github.com/#{repo_name}.git"
end
# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '~> 5.1.6'
# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
gem 'sqlite3'
# Use Puma as the app server
gem 'puma', '~> 3.7'
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'
# See https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby
# Use CoffeeScript for .coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.2'
# Turbolinks makes navigating your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/turbolinks/turbolinks
gem 'turbolinks', '~> 5'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.5'
# Use Redis adapter to run Action Cable in production
# gem 'redis', '~> 4.0'
# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
# gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'
# Use Capistrano for deployment
# gem 'capistrano-rails', group: :development
group :development, :test do
gem 'rspec-rails', '~> 3.7'
# Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console
gem 'byebug', platforms: [:mri, :mingw, :x64_mingw]
# Adds support for Capybara system testing and selenium driver
gem 'capybara', '~> 2.13'
gem 'selenium-webdriver'
gem "database_cleaner"
gem 'factory_bot'
gem 'factory_bot_rails'
end
group :development do
# Access an IRB console on exception pages or by using <%= console %> anywhere in the code.
gem 'web-console', '>= 3.3.0'
gem 'listen', '>= 3.0.5', '< 3.2'
# Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
gem 'spring'
gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '~> 2.0.0'
end
# Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]
gem 'devise'
在这里我们添加了以下的 Gem （邓紫棋）包。
- devise
- database_cleaner
- factory_bot && factory_bot_rails *（可能涉及女性的都比较敏感，以前叫做 factory_girl）
- rspec
- capybara
step 2
完成上述操作并且 bundle install 之后，接下来就是 install 并且配置。
rails generate rspec:install
# 这里 rspec 会默认生成一些文件夹，但是这里似乎会少了一点我们需要的文件夹比如 `system` 还有 `factories` ，不过可能是我安装的顺序的问题，应该一次性生成是没有问题的
mkdir -p spec/factories
mkdir -p spec/system
touch spec/factories/user_factory.rb
touch system/users_spec.rb
rails generate devise:install User
rails generate devise:views
我们这里只需要简单的 devise 功能，所以并不需要额外的配置。
关键点其实也就是以下 rails_helper 的方法了。
# This file is copied to spec/ when you run 'rails generate rspec:install'
require 'spec_helper'
ENV['RAILS_ENV'] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path('../../config/environment', __FILE__)
# Prevent database truncation if the environment is production
abort("The Rails environment is running in production mode!") if Rails.env.production?
require 'rspec/rails'
require 'capybara/rspec'
require 'factory_bot'
# Add additional requires below this line. Rails is not loaded until this point!
# Requires supporting ruby files with custom matchers and macros, etc, in
# spec/support/ and its subdirectories. Files matching `spec/**/*_spec.rb` are
# run as spec files by default. This means that files in spec/support that end
# in _spec.rb will both be required and run as specs, causing the specs to be
# run twice. It is recommended that you do not name files matching this glob to
# end with _spec.rb. You can configure this pattern with the --pattern
# option on the command line or in ~/.rspec, .rspec or `.rspec-local`.
#
# The following line is provided for convenience purposes. It has the downside
# of increasing the boot-up time by auto-requiring all files in the support
# directory. Alternatively, in the individual `*_spec.rb` files, manually
# require only the support files necessary.
#
# Dir[Rails.root.join('spec/support/**/*.rb')].each { |f| require f }
# Checks for pending migrations and applies them before tests are run.
# If you are not using ActiveRecord, you can remove this line.
ActiveRecord::Migration.maintain_test_schema!
Capybara.server = :puma
Capybara.register_driver :selenium_chrome do |app|
Capybara::Selenium::Driver.new(app, browser: :chrome)
end
Capybara.javascript_driver = :selenium_chrome
RSpec.configure do |config|
# Remove this line if you're not using ActiveRecord or ActiveRecord fixtures
config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures"
# If you're not using ActiveRecord, or you'd prefer not to run each of your
# examples within a transaction, remove the following line or assign false
# instead of true.
config.use_transactional_fixtures = true
# RSpec Rails can automatically mix in different behaviours to your tests
# based on their file location, for example enabling you to call `get` and
# `post` in specs under `spec/controllers`.
#
# You can disable this behaviour by removing the line below, and instead
# explicitly tag your specs with their type, e.g.:
#
# RSpec.describe UsersController, :type => :controller do
# # ...
# end
#
# The different available types are documented in the features, such as in
# https://relishapp.com/rspec/rspec-rails/docs
config.infer_spec_type_from_file_location!
# Filter lines from Rails gems in backtraces.
config.filter_rails_from_backtrace!
# arbitrary gems may also be filtered via:
# config.filter_gems_from_backtrace("gem name")
config.include Devise::Test::ControllerHelpers, type: :controller
config.before(:suite) do
DatabaseCleaner.clean_with(:truncation)
end
config.before(:each) do
DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :transaction
end
config.before(:each, js: true) do
DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :truncation
end
# This block must be here, do not combine with the other `before(:each)` block.
# This makes it so Capybara can see the database.
config.before(:each) do
DatabaseCleaner.start
end
config.after(:each) do
DatabaseCleaner.clean
end
end
以上需要注意的其实就是 capybara, database_cleaner, factory_bot 的一些代码
step 3
user factory
FactoryBot.define do
factory :user do
email "[email protected]"
password "password"
end
end
users_spec
require "rails_helper"
RSpec.describe "users spec", :type => :system do
before :each do
@user = FactoryBot.create( :user )
end
it "sign in" do
visit "/users/sign_in"
fill_in "Email", :with => "[email protected]"
fill_in "Password", :with => "password"
click_button "Log in"
expect(page).to have_text("Home")
end
end
step 4
rspec spec/system
Section C
以上便是一个完整的 Rails 并且带测试的项目咯。