本文中介绍前几个序列函数，NTILE,ROW_NUMBER,RANK,DENSE_RANK，下面会一一解释各自的用途。
Hive版本为 apache-hive-0.13.1
注意： 序列函数不支持WINDOW子句。（什么是WINDOW子句，点此查看前面的文章）
数据准备：
cookie1,2015-04-10,1
cookie1,2015-04-11,5
cookie1,2015-04-12,7
cookie1,2015-04-13,3
cookie1,2015-04-14,2
cookie1,2015-04-15,4
cookie1,2015-04-16,4
cookie2,2015-04-10,2
cookie2,2015-04-11,3
cookie2,2015-04-12,5
cookie2,2015-04-13,6
cookie2,2015-04-14,3
cookie2,2015-04-15,9
cookie2,2015-04-16,7
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE lxw1234 (
cookieid string,
createtime string, --day
pv INT
) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
stored as textfile location '/tmp/lxw11/';
DESC lxw1234;
cookieid STRING
createtime STRING
pv INT
hive> select * from lxw1234;
OK
cookie1 2015-04-10 1
cookie1 2015-04-11 5
cookie1 2015-04-12 7
cookie1 2015-04-13 3
cookie1 2015-04-14 2
cookie1 2015-04-15 4
cookie1 2015-04-16 4
cookie2 2015-04-10 2
cookie2 2015-04-11 3
cookie2 2015-04-12 5
cookie2 2015-04-13 6
cookie2 2015-04-14 3
cookie2 2015-04-15 9
cookie2 2015-04-16 7
--NTILE
NTILE(n)，用于将分组数据按照顺序切分成n片，返回当前切片值
NTILE不支持ROWS BETWEEN，比如 NTILE(2) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
如果切片不均匀，默认增加第一个切片的分布
SELECT
cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
NTILE(2) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn1, --分组内将数据分成2片
NTILE(3) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn2, --分组内将数据分成3片
NTILE(4) OVER(ORDER BY createtime) AS rn3 --将所有数据分成4片
FROM lxw1234
ORDER BY cookieid,createtime;
cookieid day pv rn1 rn2 rn3
-------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10 1 1 1 1
cookie1 2015-04-11 5 1 1 1
cookie1 2015-04-12 7 1 1 2
cookie1 2015-04-13 3 1 2 2
cookie1 2015-04-14 2 2 2 3
cookie1 2015-04-15 4 2 3 3
cookie1 2015-04-16 4 2 3 4
cookie2 2015-04-10 2 1 1 1
cookie2 2015-04-11 3 1 1 1
cookie2 2015-04-12 5 1 1 2
cookie2 2015-04-13 6 1 2 2
cookie2 2015-04-14 3 2 2 3
cookie2 2015-04-15 9 2 3 4
cookie2 2015-04-16 7 2 3 4
比如，统计一个cookie，pv数最多的前1/3的天
SELECT
cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
NTILE(3) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv DESC) AS rn
FROM lxw1234;
--rn = 1 的记录，就是我们想要的结果
cookieid day pv rn
----------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-12 7 1
cookie1 2015-04-11 5 1
cookie1 2015-04-15 4 1
cookie1 2015-04-16 4 2
cookie1 2015-04-13 3 2
cookie1 2015-04-14 2 3
cookie1 2015-04-10 1 3
cookie2 2015-04-15 9 1
cookie2 2015-04-16 7 1
cookie2 2015-04-13 6 1
cookie2 2015-04-12 5 2
cookie2 2015-04-14 3 2
cookie2 2015-04-11 3 3
cookie2 2015-04-10 2 3
--ROW_NUMBER
ROW_NUMBER() –从1开始，按照顺序，生成分组内记录的序列
–比如，按照pv降序排列，生成分组内每天的pv名次
ROW_NUMBER() 的应用场景非常多，再比如，获取分组内排序第一的记录;获取一个session中的第一条refer等。
SELECT
cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv desc) AS rn
FROM lxw1234;
cookieid day pv rn
-------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-12 7 1
cookie1 2015-04-11 5 2
cookie1 2015-04-15 4 3
cookie1 2015-04-16 4 4
cookie1 2015-04-13 3 5
cookie1 2015-04-14 2 6
cookie1 2015-04-10 1 7
cookie2 2015-04-15 9 1
cookie2 2015-04-16 7 2
cookie2 2015-04-13 6 3
cookie2 2015-04-12 5 4
cookie2 2015-04-14 3 5
cookie2 2015-04-11 3 6
cookie2 2015-04-10 2 7
--RANK 和 DENSE_RANK
—RANK() 生成数据项在分组中的排名，排名相等会在名次中留下空位
—DENSE_RANK() 生成数据项在分组中的排名，排名相等会在名次中不会留下空位
SELECT
cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv desc) AS rn1,
DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv desc) AS rn2,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv DESC) AS rn3
FROM lxw1234
WHERE cookieid = 'cookie1';
cookieid day pv rn1 rn2 rn3
--------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-12 7 1 1 1
cookie1 2015-04-11 5 2 2 2
cookie1 2015-04-15 4 3 3 3
cookie1 2015-04-16 4 3 3 4
cookie1 2015-04-13 3 5 4 5
cookie1 2015-04-14 2 6 5 6
cookie1 2015-04-10 1 7 6 7
rn1: 15号和16号并列第3, 13号排第5
rn2: 15号和16号并列第3, 13号排第4
rn3: 如果相等，则按记录值排序，生成唯一的次序，如果所有记录值都相等，或许会随机排吧。