iOS文件断点下载功能的实现

一、整体框架及思路
主要涉及两个类,
1、DownloadManager,文件下载管理器是一个单例,负责调度和管理具体的下载操作。它主要有两个属性,下载操作缓存(字典类型),以url为key,防止相同的下载操作多次执行。下载队列(NSOperationQueue),用来控制并发数,防止队列中同时有过多的下载操作同时执行。
2、DownloadOperation,文件下载操作,对应具体的下载操作,继承于NSOperation。相关注意点:1、执行下载请求前,先同步发送一个HEAD请求,获取目标文件的大小,经过和本地文件比对后确定断点下载的断点。 2、通过设置range请求头告诉服务器断点,这是断点下载的核心。3、在循环接收服务器返回的文件数据过程中,如果用全局属性去拼接,会造成内存浪费。可以用NSOutputStream解决内存峰值问题,每接收一点,就写到本地文件中。

外界调动示例:

 //要下载的文件的URL
    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://dlsw.baidu.com/sw-search-sp/soft/2a/25677/QQ_V4.1.1.1456905733.dmg"];
    //通过下载管理器单例执行下载
    [[downloadManager sharedManager] downloadWith:url pregressBlock:^(CGFloat progress) {
       //进度回调,返回下载进度
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            //回到主线程刷新进度提醒
            self.progress.progress = progress;
        });
    } complete:^(NSString *path, NSError *error) {
        //完成回调,返回文件路径或者失败信息
        NSLog(@"下载完成%@",path);
    }];


实现代码:

DownloadManager.m

@interface downloadManager()

/**
 *  下载操作缓存,以url为key,防止多次下载
 */
@property (nonatomic,strong)NSMutableDictionary *downloadCache;

/**
 *  下载队列,可以控制并发数
 */
@property (nonatomic,strong)NSOperationQueue *downloadQueue;
@end

@implementation downloadManager

/**
 *  下载管理器单例
 *
 *  @return 返回唯一的实例
 */
+ (instancetype)sharedManager{
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    static downloadManager *manager;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        manager = [[self alloc]init];
    });
    return manager;
}
/**
 *  下载操作
 *
 *  @param url           要下载的url
 *  @param progressBlock 进度回调
 *  @param complete      完成回调
 */
- (void)downloadWith:(NSURL *)url pregressBlock:(void (^)(CGFloat progress))progressBlock complete:(void(^)(NSString *path,NSError *error))complete{
    //在开始下载之前,判断是否正在下载
    if ([self.downloadCache objectForKey:url]) {
        NSLog(@"正在下载");
        return;
    }
    //开始下载文件
    downloadOperation *download = [downloadOperation downloadWith:url progressBlock:progressBlock complete:^(NSString *path, NSError *error) {
        //下载完成
        //移除下载操作缓存
        [self.downloadCache removeObjectForKey:url];
        //调用控制器传过来的完成回调
        complete(path,error);
    }];
    //把下载操作保存起来
    [self.downloadCache setObject:download forKey:url];
    //把操作发到队列中
    [self.downloadQueue addOperation:download];
}

- (void)cancelDownload:(NSURL *)url{
    //从字典中取出下载操作
    downloadOperation *down = [self.downloadCache objectForKey:url];
    [down cancleDown];
    //从字典中移除
    [self.downloadCache removeObjectForKey:url];
}
#pragma mark -数据懒加载
- (NSMutableDictionary *)downloadCache{
    if (_downloadCache == nil) {
        _downloadCache = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    }
    return _downloadCache;
}

- (NSOperationQueue *)downloadQueue{
    if (_downloadQueue == nil) {
        _downloadQueue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
        //设置最大并发数
        _downloadQueue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 3;
    }
    return _downloadQueue;
}
@end

DownloadOperation.m

@interface downloadOperation()
/**
 *  文件总大小
 */
@property (nonatomic,assign)long long expectLength;
/**
 *  已经下载的大小
 */
@property (nonatomic,assign)long long downloadLength;

/**
 *  文件输出流
 */
@property (nonatomic,strong)NSOutputStream *outPut;

/**
 *  下载连接
 */
@property (nonatomic,strong)NSURLConnection *connection;

/**
 *  进度回调block
 */
@property (nonatomic,copy)void (^progressBlock)(CGFloat);

/**
 *  完成回调block
 */
@property (nonatomic,copy)void (^complete)(NSString *,NSError *);

/**
 *  文件保存的路径
 */
@property (nonatomic,copy)NSString *targetPath;
/**
 *  <#Description#>
 */
@property (nonatomic,strong)NSURL *url;
@end

@implementation downloadOperation

+ (instancetype)downloadWith:(NSURL *)url progressBlock:(void (^)(CGFloat progress))progressBlock complete:(void (^)(NSString *path,NSError *error))complete{
    downloadOperation *down = [[self alloc]init];
    //把block保存起来
    down.progressBlock = progressBlock;
    down.complete = complete;
    //拼接文件保存的路径
    down.targetPath = [url.path appendCaches];
    down.url = url;
    //调用下载方法
    //[down download:url];
    return down;
}

- (void)main{
    @autoreleasepool {
        [self download];
    }
}
- (void)download{
   
        NSURL *url = self.url;
        //断点下载,如果完全相同,不下载。否则,从fileSize开始下载
        long long fileSize = [self checkServerFileSize:url];
        if (fileSize == self.expectLength) {
            return ;
        }
        NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
        //断点续传必须设置range请求头
        NSString *range = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"bytes=%lld-",fileSize];
        //下载进度就是本地文件的大小
        self.downloadLength = fileSize;
        //设置请求头
        [request setValue:range forHTTPHeaderField:@"range"];
        
        //开始下载,通过遵守代理协议,回调下载过程
        [NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:request delegate:self];
        //如果子线程在执行完当前代码后需要一直保持的,需要把runloop跑起来
        [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run];
    
}
//检查服务器上文件的大小
- (long long)checkServerFileSize:(NSURL *)url{
    //要下载文件的url
    //NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://dlsw.baidu.com/sw-search-sp/soft/2a/25677/QQ_V4.1.1.1456905733.dmg"];
    //创建获取文件大小的请求
    NSMutableURLRequest *headRequest = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
    //请求方法
    headRequest.HTTPMethod = @"HEAD";
    //创建一个响应头
    NSURLResponse *headResponse;
    [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:headRequest returningResponse:&headResponse error:nil];
    long long serverSize = headResponse.expectedContentLength;
    //记录服务器文件的大小,用于计算进度
    self.expectLength = serverSize;
    //拼接文件路径
    NSString *path = [headResponse.suggestedFilename appendCaches];
    //判断服务器文件大小跟本地文件大小的关系
    NSFileManager *manager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    if (![manager fileExistsAtPath:path]) {
        NSLog(@"不存在,从头开始下载");
        return 0;
    }
    //获取文件的属性
    NSDictionary *dict = [manager attributesOfItemAtPath:path error:nil];
    //获取本地文件的大小
    long long fileSize = dict.fileSize;
    if (fileSize > serverSize) {
        //文件出错,删除文件
        [manager removeItemAtPath:path error:nil];
        NSLog(@"从头开始");
        return 0;
    }else if(fileSize < serverSize){
        NSLog(@"从本地文件大小开始下载");
        return fileSize;
    }else{
        NSLog(@"已经下载完毕");
        return fileSize;
    }
}

#pragma mark -下载回调
//获得相应,响应头中包含了文件总大小的信息
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response
{
    //    //设置文件总大小
    //    self.expectLength = response.expectedContentLength;
    NSString *path = self.targetPath;
    //不需要手动去创建,如果文件不存在,自动创建
    self.outPut = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToFileAtPath:path append:YES];
    //在入文件之前,先打开文件
    [self.outPut open];
}
//接收到数据
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data{
    //分多次接收数据,加起来就是总数据
    self.downloadLength += data.length;
    //计算当前下载进度
    CGFloat progress = self.downloadLength *1.0 / self.expectLength;
    //NSLog(@"当前进度%f",progress);
    
    //进度回调调用的频率非常高,我们可以在子线程回调。用户是否要刷新UI,由自己决定
    if (self.progressBlock) {
        self.progressBlock(progress);
    }
    
    //保存每次接收到的数据
    //#warning 每次的数据都保存在内存中,消耗大量内存
    //    [self.data appendData:data];
    //解决方法:使用文件句柄
    
    [self.outPut write:data.bytes maxLength:data.length];
    
}
//下载完成
- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection{
    //关闭文件
    [self.outPut close];
    //下载完成后,自动回到主线程
    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
        self.complete(self.targetPath,nil);
    });
}
//取消下载
- (void)cancleDown{
    [self.connection cancel];
}
@end

其他
NSString+Path.m

@implementation NSString (Path)
- (NSString *)appendCaches {
    // 获取缓存目录
    NSString *cache = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
    // 获取路径的最后一部份(文件名)
    NSString *filename = [self lastPathComponent];
    
    return [cache stringByAppendingPathComponent:filename];
}

- (NSString *)appendDocuments {
    // 获取缓存目录
    NSString *document = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
    // 获取路径的最后一部份(文件名)
    NSString *filename = [self lastPathComponent];
    
    return [document stringByAppendingPathComponent:filename];
}

- (NSString *)appendTmp {
    // 获取缓存目录
    NSString *temp = NSTemporaryDirectory();
    // 获取路径的最后一部份(文件名)
    NSString *filename = [self lastPathComponent];
    
    return [temp stringByAppendingPathComponent:filename];
}

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