背景：
IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1 (IPA1)：SQUAMOSA PROMOTER
BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) family TFs；IPA1 expressionis controlled at the posttranscriptional level by microRNA156 and microRNA529.
IPA1 INTERACTING PROTEIN1 (IPI1)：a RING-finger E3
ligase ；interact with IPA1 in thenucleus.
Ubiquitin:一种76个氨基酸残基的高度保守的热稳定的小分子蛋白质. 核内和胞质中均存在，因其极为广泛的分布而得此名。它与蛋白质发生依赖于ATP的反应，结果是其末端与蛋白质的赖氨酸氨基缩合。
different types of polyubiquitination could determine the variantdestinations of target proteins
结论：
IPI1 promotes the degradation of IPA1 in panicles, while it stabilizes IPA1
in shoot apexes.
日积月累：
Elucidate [ɪ'l(j)uːsɪdeɪt] vt.阐明；说明
lodging resistance: 耐倒伏性
endocytosis [,endəʊsaɪ'təʊsɪs] n. [细胞] 内吞作用
implicate ['ɪmplɪkeɪt] vt.使卷入；涉及；暗指；影响
pivotal ['pɪvətl] adj.关键的；中枢的；枢轴的 n. 关键事物；中心事物
1.Plant architecture(株型), a collection of genetically controlled agronomic traits, is
one of the decisive factorsthat determine grain production.
2. The roles of some RING domain-containing E3 ligases have been implicated inplant hormone signaling and defenseresponses.
3. IPA1 acts as a pivotal regulator forplant architecture, and its overexpressioncould profoundly change rice plant architecture with reduced tiller number,enlarged panicle size, and enhanced grain yield.
4. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanism of IPA1 regulation is of great value for understanding the mechanisms underlying plant architectureformation.