基于nodejs的前端项目搭建过程

---

参考：
Nodejs之目录介绍及app.js说明：http://www.cnblogs.com/Chen-xy/p/4466351.html
nodejs入门： http://www.bkjia.com/webzh/1025703.html

项目框架

|--app
   |--core
      |--baseRouter.js
      |--logger.js
      |--pageHelper.js
|--bin
   |--www
|--docs
|--logs
|--public
|--routes
|--static
   |--images
   |--pages
|--tools
   |-- config
       |--default.json
    |--configHeiper.js
    |--entryHelper.js
    |--fileHelper.js
    |--webpak.config.dev.js
    |--webpack.config.js
|--views
   |--index.js
   |--layout.js
|--.gitignore
|--app.js
|--asset.json
|--package.json
|--README.md
|--staticDevServer.js

step1: package.json文件

相关资源：
1、文件作用及字段解析：http://jingpin.jikexueyuan.com/article/34254.html
2、通过init指令创建package.json文件：http://blog.csdn.net/liyanhui1001/article/details/44020235
3、package.json文件中的script字段作用：http://www.imooc.com/article/6179

此文件为node项目必须文件，位于项目根目录，其作用：
   1、描述项目（name、version、description等）
   2、管理项目依赖模块（应用依赖模块dependencies、开发环境依赖模块devDependencies）
   3、指定入口模块的路径（设置服务器启动命令的scripts字段）

package.json：
{
  "name": "mui",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node ./bin/www"  //通过命令npm start启动项目入口
  },
  "dependencies": {   //项目依赖模块，任何环境都生效的模块
    "co": "^4.6.0",
    "cookie": "^0.3.1",
    "cookie_js": "^1.2.1",
    "debug": "^2.3.2",
    "jade": "^1.11.0",
    "koa": "^1.2.4",
    "koa-bodyparser": "^2.2.0",
    "koa-json": "^1.1.3",
    "koa-logger": "^1.3.0",
    "koa-onerror": "^3.0.1",
    "koa-router": "^5.4.0",
    "koa-static": "^2.0.0",
    "koa-views": "^5.2.0",
    "store2": "^2.3.2"
  },
  "devDependencies": {  //开发阶段的依赖模块，只在开发阶段生效
    "assets-webpack-plugin": "^3.5.0",
    "babel-core": "^6.18.2",
    "babel-loader": "^6.2.7",
    "babel-preset-es2015": "^6.18.0",
    "babel-preset-stage-2": "^6.18.0",
    "babel-preset-stage-3": "^6.17.0",
    "consoler": "^0.2.0",
    "es6-promise": "^4.0.5",
    "extract-text-webpack-plugin": "^1.0.1",
    "file-loader": "^0.9.0",
    "gulp": "^3.9.1",
    "gulp-util": "^3.0.7",
    "jquery": "^3.1.1",
    "koa-cors": "0.0.16",
    "koa-jade": "^2.1.0",
    "koa-router": "^5.4.0",
    "koa-session": "^3.4.0",
    "koa-webpack-dev-middleware": "^1.3.0",
    "koa-webpack-hot-middleware": "^1.0.3",
    "less": "^2.7.1",
    "less-loader": "^2.2.3",
    "lodash": "^4.17.0",
    "mini-logger": "^1.1.1",
    "morgan": "^1.7.0",
    "node-jsx": "^0.13.3",
    "vue": "^2.0.5",
    "vue-loader": "^9.9.0",
    "vue-router": "^2.0.1",
    "vue-server-renderer": "^2.0.5"
  }
}

初次加载项目时，手动写好需要的模块字段，通过命令npm install 下载模块到node_modules文件

step2: bin文件夹下的www文件

文件创建方式：
   在bin文件夹下新建txt文档, 命名为www, 去掉后缀名即可。
此文件作用：
   1、 引入http模块，启动http服务
   2、监听端口

www文件具体代码：

**start**

#!/usr/bin/env node
/**
 * Module dependencies.
 */
var app = require('../app');
var debug = require('debug')('mui:server');
var http = require('http');
//var consoler = require('consoler');
//var logger = require('../app/core/logger');

/**
 * Get port from environment and store in Express.
 */
var port = normalizePort(process.env.PORT || '3000');

/**
 * Create HTTP server.
 */
var server = http.createServer(app.callback());

/**
 * Listen on provided port, on all network interfaces.
 */
server.listen(port);
server.on('error', onError);
server.on('listening', onListening);

/**
 * Normalize a port into a number, string, or false.
 */
function normalizePort(val) {
  var port = parseInt(val, 10);

  if (isNaN(port)) {
    // named pipe
    return val;
  }

  if (port >= 0) {
    // port number
    return port;
  }

  return false;
}

/**
 * Event listener for HTTP server "error" event.
 */
function onError(error) {
  if (error.syscall !== 'listen') {
    throw error;
  }

  var bind = typeof port === 'string'
    ? 'Pipe ' + port
    : 'Port ' + port;

  // handle specific listen errors with friendly messages
  switch (error.code) {
    case 'EACCES':
      console.error(bind + ' requires elevated privileges');
      process.exit(1);
      break;
    case 'EADDRINUSE':
      console.error(bind + ' is already in use');
      process.exit(1);
      break;
    default:
      throw error;
  }
}

/**
 * Event listener for HTTP server "listening" event.
 */
function onListening() {
  var addr = server.address();
  var bind = typeof addr === 'string'
    ? 'pipe ' + addr
    : 'port ' + addr.port;
  debug('Listening on ' + bind);
  consoler.info('The Main Server is Listening On ' + bind);
  logger.other('The Main Server is Listening On ' + bind);
}

**end**

step3: app.js文件

此文件为项目的核心文件，koa框架等各种中间件和配置的引入

**start**

//模块依赖
var app = require('koa')(),
    koa = require('koa-router')(),
    koaLogger = require('koa-logger'),
    json = require('koa-json'),
    koaJade = require('koa-jade'),
    path = require('path'),
    onerror = require('koa-onerror');
//var logger = require('./app/core/logger')

onerror(app);

//routers
var routers = {
    index: require('./routes/index')
}

// global middlewares: 设置视图引擎
var jade = new koaJade({
    viewPath: path.resolve(__dirname, 'views'),
    debug: false,
    helperPath: [{
        pageHelper: require('./app/core/pageHelper')
    }]
});
app.use(jade.middleware);

app.use(require('koa-bodyparser')());
app.use(json());
app.use(koaLogger());

app.use(require('koa-static')(__dirname + '/public'));

//appConfig middleware: 配置环境变量
var env = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development';
var appConfig = require('./tools/configHelper');
app.use(appConfig.config(app, env));

// session middleware
var session = require('koa-session');
app.keys = ['user context'];
app.use(session(app));

// routes definition
koa.use(routers.index.routes(), routers.index.allowedMethods());

// mount root routes
app.use(koa.routes());

app.on('error', function(err, ctx) {
    logger.error({
        err: err ? err.toString() : 'unknow',
        ctx: ctx || '',
        errorPosition: err.stack
    });
});

//导出app对象
module.exports = app;

**end**

step4: routes

koa-router源码解读：http://www.tuicool.com/articles/7Zre63f

**start**
var router = require('koa-router')();
router.get('/',function*(){
    this.render('index',{
        title: 'mui'
    });
});

module.exports = router;
**end**

**路由前缀
 var myRouter = new Router({
     prefix: '/koa'
 });
// 等同于"/koa"
myRouter.get('/', function* () {
     this.response.body = 'koa router';
 });

// 等同于"/koa/:id"
myRouter.get('/:id', function* () {
     this.response.body = 'koa router-1';
});