Hive基本使用

Hive基本使用

https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+DDL

库操作

创建库

# 进入终端
beeline -u " jdbc:hive2://10.240.xx.xx:10000/dc_ods " -n user


# 判断是否存在并添加注释
create database if not exists zxl_test comment 'hive_test';

# 添加属性
create database if not exists zxl_test with dbproperties('creator'='zxl','date'='2019-04-09');

# 描述库
desc database zxl_test;
desc database extended zxl_test;

# 查看建库语句
show create database zxl_test;

删除库

# 库下无表,直接删除
drop database dbname;
drop database if exists dbname;

# 库下有表
方式1:先删除表再删除库;
方式2: drop database if exists zxl_test cascade;

表操作

创建表

# 内部表
create table student(id int, name string, sex string, age int,department string) row format delimited fields terminated by ",";

# 外部表
create external table student_ext(id int, name string, sex string, age int,department string) row format delimited fields terminated by "," location "/hive/student";

# 分区表
create external table student_ptn(id int, name string, sex string, age int,department string) partitioned by (city string) row format delimited fields terminated by "," location "/hive/student_ptn";
# 添加分区
alter table student_ptn add partition(city="beijing");

#分桶表
create external table student_bck(id int, name string, sex string, age int,department string) clustered by (id) sorted by (id asc, name desc) into 4 buckets row format delimited fields terminated by "," location "/hive/student_bck";

# 导入本地数据
load data local inpath "/data1/student.txt" into table student;

#使用CTAS创建表
 create table student_ctas as select * from student where id < 95012;
 
 # 复制表结构(able前面没有加external关键字则是内部表,否则外部表)
 create table student_copy like student;

查看表

# 查看库下的表
show tables in zxl_test;

# 模糊匹配表名
show tables like '*dent*';

# 查看表结构
desc student;
desc extended student;
desc formatted student;(格式好)

# 查看分区信息
show partitions student_ptn;

# 查看建表语句
show create table student_ptn;


修改表

# 修改表名
alter table student rename to new_student;

# 增加字段
alter table new_student add columns (score int);

# 修改字段定义
alter table new_student change name new_name string;

# 替换所有字段
alter table new_student replace columns (id int, name string, address string);
# 替换可以用来删除字段
alter table new_student replace columns (id int, name string);

# 删除表
drop table new_student;

# 清空表
truncate table student_ptn;

修改分区

# 静态分区
alter table student_ptn add partition(city="shenzhen");

# 动态分区 [内容直接插入到另一张表student_ptn_age中,并实现age为动态分区]
load data local inpath "/data1/student.txt" into table student_ptn partition(city="beijing");

create table student_ptn_age(id int,name string,sex string,department string) partitioned by (age int);

set hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode=nonstrict;
insert overwrite table student_ptn_age partition(age) select id,name,sex,department,age from student_ptn;

# 删除分区
alter table student_ptn drop partition (city='beijing');

Hive函数

内置函数

# 查看内置函数
show functions;

# 显示函数的详细信息
desc function extended substr;

自定义函数UDF

UDF(user-defined function)作用于单个数据行,产生一个数据行作为输出。(数学函数,字 符串函数)

UDAF(用户定义聚集函数 User- Defined Aggregation Funcation):接收多个输入数据行,并产 生一个输出数据行。(count,max)

UDTF(表格生成函数 User-Defined Table Functions):接收一行输入,输出多行(explode)

Hive命令行

# hive -e sql语句  执行完退出终端
hive -e "select * from zxl_test.student";

#hive -f sql文件名 执行完退出终端
select * from zxl_test.student # test.sql内容
hive -f test.sql

# hive临时设置
查看属性值:  		set 属性名
临时修改属性值:   set 属性名 = 属性值

Shylin

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