Avl树的基本操作(c语言实现)

#include
#include

typedef struct AvlNode *Position;
typedef struct AvlNode *AvlTree;
typedef int ElementType;

struct AvlNode{
	ElementType Element;
	AvlTree Left;
	AvlTree Right;
	int Height;
}AvlNode;

//Avl函数的声明
AvlTree CreateTree();                                //创建Avl树 
Position Find(ElementType Element, AvlTree T);       //查找 
Position FindMax(AvlTree T);
Position FindMin(AvlTree T);
AvlTree Insert(ElementType Element, AvlTree T);      //插入 
AvlTree Delete(ElementType Element, AvlTree T);      //删除 


//插入结点到AVL树所需的函数声明 
int Height(AvlTree T);                                //返回树的高 
int Max(ElementType A, ElementType B);                //比较树高 
Position SingleRotateWithLeft(Position K2);           //左单旋 
Position SingleRotateWithRight(Position K2);          //右单旋 
Position DoubleRotateWithLeft(Position K3);           //左右双旋 
Position DoubleRotateWithRight(Position K3);          //右左双旋 

void PreOrder_1(AvlTree T);                           //先序遍历(递归) 

int main()
{
	AvlTree T;
	ElementType Element;

	int flag = 1, i;
	
	    printf("                   本程序实现Avl树的基本操作。                     \n");
	    printf("|                                                                      |\n"); 
		printf("|**********************************************************************|\n");
		printf("|                        Avl树的基本操作如下:                         |\n");
		printf("|                           0.创建Avl树                                |\n");
		printf("|                           1.查找                                     |\n");
		printf("|                           2.插入                                     |\n");
		printf("|                           3.删除                                     |\n");
		printf("|                           4.将Avl树遍历                              |\n");
		printf("|**********************************************************************|\n"); 

	while(flag){
		
		printf("|                           请选择功能:                               |\n"); 
		
		scanf("%d", &i);   
		                      //输入需要选择的功能 
		switch(i){
			case 0:
				printf("请输入Avl树的根结点(0代表NULL):");
				T = CreateTree();
				break; 
				
			case 1:
				if(T){
					printf("请输入要查找的元素:");
					scanf("%d", &Element); 
				    if( Find(Element, T))
				        printf("该元素存在!\n");
					else
					 	printf("该元素不存在!\n");
				}else
				    printf("       Avl树为空!\n");
				break;	 
				
			case 2:
				if(T){
					printf("请输入要插入的元素:");
					scanf("%d", &Element); 
					T = Insert(Element, T); 
				}else
				    printf("       Avl树为空!\n");
				break;	
				   
			case 3:
				if(T){
					printf("请输入要删除的元素:");
				    scanf("%d", &Element); 
					T = Delete(Element, T); 
				}else
				    printf("       Avl树为空!\n");
				break;	
			case 4:
				if(T){
					printf("(先序)遍历的结果为:");
					PreOrder_1(T);
					printf("\n"); 
				}else
				    printf("       Avl树为空!\n");
				break;	
					
			default:
			    flag = 0;
				printf("程序运行结束,按任意键退出!\n");	
		}  
		
	}
	return 0;
} 



//Avl树的函数 
AvlTree CreateTree()                                  //创建Avl树 
{
	ElementType ch;
	AvlTree T; 
	
	scanf("\n%d", &ch);
	if(ch == 0)
	   T = NULL;
	else{
		if(!(T = (AvlTree)malloc(sizeof(AvlNode))))
		   exit(-1);
		T->Element  = ch;
		printf("%d的左儿子为:", T->Element ); 
		T->Left = CreateTree(); 
		printf("%d的右儿子为:", T->Element ); 
		T->Right = CreateTree();
	}   
	return T; 
}

Position Find(ElementType Element, AvlTree T)                //Avl树的查找 
{
	if(T == NULL)
	    return NULL;
	if(Element < T->Element)         //向左找 
	    return Find(Element, T->Left);
	else if(Element > T->Element)    //向右找 
	    return Find(Element, T->Right);
	else
	    return T;		    
}
 
Position FindMax(AvlTree T)                            //找最大值(非递归) 
{
	if(T != NULL){
		while(T->Right != NULL )    //一直向右找 
		    T = T->Right;	    
	}
	 
	 return T;    
}
// Position FindMax(AvlTree T)                         //找最大值(递归) 
//{
//	if(T == NULL)
//      return NULL;
//  else if(T->Right == NULL)
//	    return T;
//	else
//	    return FindMax(T->Right);	    
//	}

Position FindMin(AvlTree T)                            //找最小值(非递归) 
{
	if(T != NULL){                 //一直向左找 
		while(T->Left != NULL )
		    T = T->Left;	    
	}
	 
	 return T;    
}
// Position FindMin(AvlTree T)                         //找最小值(递归) 
//{
//	if(T == NULL)
//      return NULL;
//  else if(T->Left == NULL)
//	    return T;
//	else
//	    return FindMax(T->Left);	    
//	}

AvlTree Insert(ElementType Element, AvlTree T)         //插入元素到AVL树中 
{
	if(T == NULL){                    //如果是空树,则初始化之 
	    if(!(T = (AvlTree)malloc(sizeof(AvlNode))))
		   exit(-1);
		else{
			T->Element = Element;
			T->Height = 0;
			T->Left = T->Right = NULL;
		}
    }else if(Element < T->Element ){  //向左找 
    	T->Left = Insert(Element, T->Left);
    	if(Height(T->Left ) - Height(T->Right ) == 2)  //破坏了Avl树的平衡 
    	    if(Element < T->Left->Element )
    	        T = SingleRotateWithLeft(T); //左 单旋(可以理解为此时树向左下沉(即天平偏向左边,需要向右挪树)) 
			else 
			    T = DoubleRotateWithLeft(T); //左右双旋	 (先执行右单旋,再执行左单旋,一共旋转2次) 
	}else if(Element > T->Element ){
		T->Right = Insert(Element, T->Right);
    	if(Height(T->Right ) - Height(T->Left ) == 2)
    	    if(Element > T->Right->Element )
    	        T = SingleRotateWithRight(T); //右单旋 
			else 
			    T = DoubleRotateWithRight(T); //右左双旋	 
	}
	
	T->Height = Max(Height(T->Left ), Height(T->Right )) + 1;  //平衡后新树的高度 
	return T;
	
}
AvlTree Delete(ElementType Element, AvlTree T)               //删除元素 (与搜索二叉树的删除类似) 
{
	Position TmpCell;
	if(T == NULL)                //空树 
	    printf("没找到该元素,无法删除!\n"); 
	else if(Element < T->Element)
	    T->Left = Delete(Element, T->Left);
	else if(Element > T->Element)
	    T->Right = Delete(Element, T->Right);
	else if(T->Left && T->Right){ //要删除的树左右都有儿子 
		TmpCell = FindMin(T->Right);   //用该结点右儿子上最小结点替换该结点,然后与只有一个儿子的操作方法相同 
		T->Element = TmpCell->Element;
		T->Right = Delete(T->Element, T->Right);
	}else{
		TmpCell = T;        //要删除的结点只有一个儿子 
		if(T->Left == NULL)
		    T = T->Right;
		else if(T->Right == NULL)
		    T = T->Left;
		free(TmpCell);	 	    
	}
	return T;
}   

void PreOrder_1(AvlTree T)                           //先序遍历(递归) 
{
	if(T){
	
		printf("%d  ", T->Element);
		PreOrder_1(T->Left);
		PreOrder_1(T->Right);
	}
 } 
  
 int Height(AvlTree T)                               //返回的高 
 {
 	if(T == NULL)
 	    return -1;
 	else
	    return 1 + Max(Height(T->Left ), Height(T->Right ));    
  } 
  
  int Max(ElementType A, ElementType B)                //比较树高
  {
  	if(A > B)
  	    return A;
  	else
	    return B;    
   } 
  
Position SingleRotateWithLeft(Position K2)           //左单旋 
{
	Position K1;
	
	K1 = K2->Left ;
	K2->Left = K1->Right ;
	K1->Right = K2;
	
	K2->Height = Max(Height(K2->Left ), Height(K2->Right )) + 1;
	K1->Height = Max(Height(K1->Left ), Height(K1->Right )) + 1;
	
	return K1;
	
 } 
 
Position SingleRotateWithRight(Position K2)          //右单旋 
{
	Position K1;
	
	K1 = K2->Right ;
	K2->Right = K1->Left ;
	K1->Left = K2;
	
	K2->Height = Max(Height(K2->Left ), Height(K2->Right )) + 1;
	K1->Height = Max(Height(K1->Left ), Height(K1->Right )) + 1;
	
	return K1;
 } 
 
Position DoubleRotateWithLeft(Position K3)          //左右双旋 
{
	K3->Left = SingleRotateWithRight(K3->Left );
	
	return SingleRotateWithLeft(K3);
	
 } 

Position DoubleRotateWithRight(Position K3)         //右左双旋
{
	K3->Right = SingleRotateWithLeft(K3->Right );
	
	return SingleRotateWithRight(K3);
 } 

Avl树的基本操作(c语言实现)_第1张图片 Avl树的基本操作(c语言实现)_第2张图片

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