python--爬虫入门(八)体验HTMLParser解析网页,网页抓取解析整合练习

原文链接: http://www.cnblogs.com/lmei/p/5338026.html

python系列均基于python3.4环境 

  • 基本概念

  html.parser的核心是HTMLParser类。工作的流程是:当你feed给它一个类似HTML格式的字符串时,它会调用goahead方法向前迭代各个标签,并调用对应的parse_xxxx方法提取start_tag,tag,data,comment和end_tag等等标签信息和数据,然后调用对应的方法对这些抽取出来的内容进行处理。

python--爬虫入门(八)体验HTMLParser解析网页,网页抓取解析整合练习_第1张图片 

  • 几个比较常用的:
handle_startendtag  #处理开始标签和结束标签
handle_starttag     #处理开始标签,比如
handle_endtag       #处理结束标签,比如或者<……/>
handle_charref      #处理特殊字符串,就是以&#开头的,一般是内码表示的字符
handle_entityref    #处理一些特殊字符,以&开头的,比如  
handle_data         #处理data中间的那些数据
handle_comment      #处理注释
handle_decl         #处理
handle_pi           #处理形如的

 

  @_@) 接下来,我们来体验下html.parser!!!

  • 下面这一段将是用来做测试数据的html代码段:
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8"/>
    <title>找找看 - 博客园title>
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/Content/Images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/>
    <meta content="技术搜索,IT搜索,程序搜索,代码搜索,程序员搜索引擎" name="keywords" />
    <meta content="面向程序员的专业搜索引擎。遇到技术问题怎么办,到博客园找找看..." name="description" />
    <link type="text/css" href="/Content/Style.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <script src="http://common.cnblogs.com/script/jquery.js" type="text/javascript">script>
    <script src="/Scripts/Common.js" type="text/javascript">script>
    <script src="/Scripts/Home.js" type="text/javascript">script>
head>
  • 体验三个基本函数:
def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs)  #处理开始标签,比如
def handle_data(self, data)            #处理data中间的那些数据
def handle_endtag(self, tag)           #处理结束标签,比如或者<……/>
  • 代码示例:(python3.4)
import html.parser as h

class MyHTMLParser(h.HTMLParser):

    a_t=False

    #处理开始标签,比如
    def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
        print("开始一个标签:",tag)

        if str(tag).startswith("title"):
            self.a_t=True

        for attr in attrs:
            print("属性值:",attr)
       # print()

    #处理data中间的那些数据
    def handle_data(self, data):
        if self.a_t is True:
            print("得到的数据: ",data)

    #处理结束标签,比如或者<……/>
    def handle_endtag(self, tag):
        self.a_t=False
        print("结束一个标签:",tag)
        print()

p=MyHTMLParser()
mystr = '''
    
    找找看 - 博客园
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
'''
p.feed(mystr)
p.close()
  • 运行结果:
C:\Python34\python.exe E:/pythone_workspace/mydemo/spider/h2.py
开始一个标签: head
开始一个标签: meta
属性值: ('charset', 'utf-8')
结束一个标签: meta

开始一个标签: title
得到的数据:  找找看 - 博客园
结束一个标签: title

开始一个标签: link
属性值: ('rel', 'shortcut icon')
属性值: ('href', '/Content/Images/favicon.ico')
属性值: ('type', 'image/x-icon')
结束一个标签: link

开始一个标签: meta
属性值: ('content', '技术搜索,IT搜索,程序搜索,代码搜索,程序员搜索引擎')
属性值: ('name', 'keywords')
结束一个标签: meta

开始一个标签: meta
属性值: ('content', '面向程序员的专业搜索引擎。遇到技术问题怎么办,到博客园找找看...')
属性值: ('name', 'description')
结束一个标签: meta

开始一个标签: link
属性值: ('type', 'text/css')
属性值: ('href', '/Content/Style.css')
属性值: ('rel', 'stylesheet')
结束一个标签: link

开始一个标签: script
属性值: ('src', 'http://common.cnblogs.com/script/jquery.js')
属性值: ('type', 'text/javascript')
结束一个标签: script

开始一个标签: script
属性值: ('src', '/Scripts/Common.js')
属性值: ('type', 'text/javascript')
结束一个标签: script

开始一个标签: script
属性值: ('src', '/Scripts/Home.js')
属性值: ('type', 'text/javascript')
结束一个标签: script

结束一个标签: head


Process finished with exit code 0
View Result

 


-------@_@? html.parser------------------------------------------------------------

提问:除了上面列出的比较常用的功能之外?还有什么别的功能呢?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

了解下html.parser还有什么功能!!!

  • 代码如下:
import html.parser
help(html.parser)
  • 运行结果:
C:\Python34\python.exe E:/pythone_workspace/mydemo/test.py
Help on module html.parser in html:

NAME
    html.parser - A parser for HTML and XHTML.

CLASSES
    _markupbase.ParserBase(builtins.object)
        HTMLParser
    
    class HTMLParser(_markupbase.ParserBase)
     |  Find tags and other markup and call handler functions.
     |  
     |  Usage:
     |      p = HTMLParser()
     |      p.feed(data)
     |      ...
     |      p.close()
     |  
     |  Start tags are handled by calling self.handle_starttag() or
     |  self.handle_startendtag(); end tags by self.handle_endtag().  The
     |  data between tags is passed from the parser to the derived class
     |  by calling self.handle_data() with the data as argument (the data
     |  may be split up in arbitrary chunks).  If convert_charrefs is
     |  True the character references are converted automatically to the
     |  corresponding Unicode character (and self.handle_data() is no
     |  longer split in chunks), otherwise they are passed by calling
     |  self.handle_entityref() or self.handle_charref() with the string
     |  containing respectively the named or numeric reference as the
     |  argument.
     |  
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      HTMLParser
     |      _markupbase.ParserBase
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __init__(self, strict=<object object at 0x00A50488>, *, convert_charrefs=<object object at 0x00A50488>)
     |      Initialize and reset this instance.
     |      
     |      If convert_charrefs is True (default: False), all character references
     |      are automatically converted to the corresponding Unicode characters.
     |      If strict is set to False (the default) the parser will parse invalid
     |      markup, otherwise it will raise an error.  Note that the strict mode
     |      and argument are deprecated.
     |  
     |  check_for_whole_start_tag(self, i)
     |      # Internal -- check to see if we have a complete starttag; return end
     |      # or -1 if incomplete.
     |  
     |  clear_cdata_mode(self)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |      Handle any buffered data.
     |  
     |  error(self, message)
     |  
     |  feed(self, data)
     |      Feed data to the parser.
     |      
     |      Call this as often as you want, with as little or as much text
     |      as you want (may include '\n').
     |  
     |  get_starttag_text(self)
     |      Return full source of start tag: '<...>'.
     |  
     |  goahead(self, end)
     |      # Internal -- handle data as far as reasonable.  May leave state
     |      # and data to be processed by a subsequent call.  If 'end' is
     |      # true, force handling all data as if followed by EOF marker.
     |  
     |  handle_charref(self, name)
     |      # Overridable -- handle character reference
     |  
     |  handle_comment(self, data)
     |      # Overridable -- handle comment
     |  
     |  handle_data(self, data)
     |      # Overridable -- handle data
     |  
     |  handle_decl(self, decl)
     |      # Overridable -- handle declaration
     |  
     |  handle_endtag(self, tag)
     |      # Overridable -- handle end tag
     |  
     |  handle_entityref(self, name)
     |      # Overridable -- handle entity reference
     |  
     |  handle_pi(self, data)
     |      # Overridable -- handle processing instruction
     |  
     |  handle_startendtag(self, tag, attrs)
     |      # Overridable -- finish processing of start+end tag: 
     |  
     |  handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs)
     |      # Overridable -- handle start tag
     |  
     |  parse_bogus_comment(self, i, report=1)
     |      # Internal -- parse bogus comment, return length or -1 if not terminated
     |      # see http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/tokenization.html#bogus-comment-state
     |  
     |  parse_endtag(self, i)
     |      # Internal -- parse endtag, return end or -1 if incomplete
     |  
     |  parse_html_declaration(self, i)
     |      # Internal -- parse html declarations, return length or -1 if not terminated
     |      # See w3.org/TR/html5/tokenization.html#markup-declaration-open-state
     |      # See also parse_declaration in _markupbase
     |  
     |  parse_pi(self, i)
     |      # Internal -- parse processing instr, return end or -1 if not terminated
     |  
     |  parse_starttag(self, i)
     |      # Internal -- handle starttag, return end or -1 if not terminated
     |  
     |  reset(self)
     |      Reset this instance.  Loses all unprocessed data.
     |  
     |  set_cdata_mode(self, elem)
     |  
     |  unescape(self, s)
     |      # Internal -- helper to remove special character quoting
     |  
     |  unknown_decl(self, data)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  CDATA_CONTENT_ELEMENTS = ('script', 'style')
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from _markupbase.ParserBase:
     |  
     |  getpos(self)
     |      Return current line number and offset.
     |  
     |  parse_comment(self, i, report=1)
     |      # Internal -- parse comment, return length or -1 if not terminated
     |  
     |  parse_declaration(self, i)
     |      # Internal -- parse declaration (for use by subclasses).
     |  
     |  parse_marked_section(self, i, report=1)
     |      # Internal -- parse a marked section
     |      # Override this to handle MS-word extension syntax if word]>content
     |  
     |  updatepos(self, i, j)
     |      # Internal -- update line number and offset.  This should be
     |      # called for each piece of data exactly once, in order -- in other
     |      # words the concatenation of all the input strings to this
     |      # function should be exactly the entire input.
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from _markupbase.ParserBase:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)

DATA
    __all__ = ['HTMLParser']

FILE
    c:\python34\lib\html\parser.py



Process finished with exit code 0
View Result

 

 

---------@_@! 整合练习--------------------------------------------------------------

上一篇python--爬虫入门(七)urllib库初体验以及中文编码问题的探讨,提到抓取网页!

那么,我们将前面内容和上篇整合一下,练习练习

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

开始整合练习!!!

  •  新建package,命名为spider,新建两个.py文件。

(1)HtmlParser.py代码如下:

import html.parser as h

class MyHTMLParser(h.HTMLParser):

    a_t=False

    #处理开始标签,比如
    def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
        print("开始一个标签:",tag)

        if str(tag).startswith("title"):
            self.a_t=True

        for attr in attrs:
            print("属性值:",attr)
       # print()

    #处理data中间的那些数据
    def handle_data(self, data):
        if self.a_t is True:
            print("得到的数据: ",data)

    #处理结束标签,比如或者<……/>
    def handle_endtag(self, tag):
        self.a_t=False
        print("结束一个标签:",tag)
        print()

(2)Demo.py代码如下:

import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
import spider.HtmlParser

response=urllib.request.urlopen("http://zzk.cnblogs.com/b")
myStr=response.read().decode('UTF-8')
print("-----------网页源码-----------------")
print(myStr)
print("-----------开始解析网页-------------")
p=spider.HtmlParser.MyHTMLParser()
p.feed(myStr)
p.close()
  • 运行Demo.py,结果显示:
C:\Python34\python.exe E:/pythone_workspace/mydemo/spider/Demo.py
-----------网页源码-----------------



<head>
    "utf-8"/>
    找找看 - 博客园    
    "shortcut icon" href="/Content/Images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/>
    "技术搜索,IT搜索,程序搜索,代码搜索,程序员搜索引擎" name="keywords" />
    "面向程序员的专业搜索引擎。遇到技术问题怎么办,到博客园找找看..." name="description" />
    "text/css" href="/Content/Style.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    
    
    
head>

    
"top">
id="span_userinfo" class="top_links">
"clear: both">
id="main">
"index_sozone">
"search_block">
"index_btn"> "button" class="btn_so_index" οnclick="Search();" value=" 找一下 " /> "help_link">"_blank" href="/help">帮助
"text" οnkeydοwn="searchEnter(event);" class="input_index" name="w" id="w" />
"footer"> ©2004-2016 "http://www.cnblogs.com">博客园
-----------开始解析网页------------- 开始一个标签: html 开始一个标签: head 开始一个标签: meta 属性值: ('charset', 'utf-8') 结束一个标签: meta 开始一个标签: title 得到的数据: 找找看 - 博客园 结束一个标签: title 开始一个标签: link 属性值: ('rel', 'shortcut icon') 属性值: ('href', '/Content/Images/favicon.ico') 属性值: ('type', 'image/x-icon') 结束一个标签: link 开始一个标签: meta 属性值: ('content', '技术搜索,IT搜索,程序搜索,代码搜索,程序员搜索引擎') 属性值: ('name', 'keywords') 结束一个标签: meta 开始一个标签: meta 属性值: ('content', '面向程序员的专业搜索引擎。遇到技术问题怎么办,到博客园找找看...') 属性值: ('name', 'description') 结束一个标签: meta 开始一个标签: link 属性值: ('type', 'text/css') 属性值: ('href', '/Content/Style.css') 属性值: ('rel', 'stylesheet') 结束一个标签: link 开始一个标签: script 属性值: ('src', 'http://common.cnblogs.com/script/jquery.js') 属性值: ('type', 'text/javascript') 结束一个标签: script 开始一个标签: script 属性值: ('src', '/Scripts/Common.js') 属性值: ('type', 'text/javascript') 结束一个标签: script 开始一个标签: script 属性值: ('src', '/Scripts/Home.js') 属性值: ('type', 'text/javascript') 结束一个标签: script 结束一个标签: head 开始一个标签: body 开始一个标签: div 属性值: ('class', 'top') 开始一个标签: div 属性值: ('class', 'top_tabs') 开始一个标签: a 属性值: ('href', 'http://www.cnblogs.com') 结束一个标签: a 结束一个标签: div 开始一个标签: div 属性值: ('id', 'span_userinfo') 属性值: ('class', 'top_links') 结束一个标签: div 结束一个标签: div 开始一个标签: div 属性值: ('style', 'clear: both') 结束一个标签: div 开始一个标签: center 开始一个标签: div 属性值: ('id', 'main') 开始一个标签: div 属性值: ('class', 'logo_index') 开始一个标签: a 属性值: ('href', 'http://zzk.cnblogs.com') 开始一个标签: img 属性值: ('alt', '找找看logo') 属性值: ('src', '/images/logo.gif') 结束一个标签: img 结束一个标签: a 结束一个标签: div 开始一个标签: div 属性值: ('class', 'index_sozone') 开始一个标签: div 属性值: ('class', 'index_tab') 开始一个标签: a 属性值: ('href', '/n') 属性值: ('onclick', "return channelSwitch('n');") 结束一个标签: a 开始一个标签: a 属性值: ('class', 'tab_selected') 属性值: ('href', '/b') 属性值: ('onclick', "return channelSwitch('b');") 结束一个标签: a 开始一个标签: a 属性值: ('href', '/k') 属性值: ('onclick', "return channelSwitch('k');") 结束一个标签: a 开始一个标签: a 属性值: ('href', '/q') 属性值: ('onclick', "return channelSwitch('q');") 结束一个标签: a 结束一个标签: div 开始一个标签: div 属性值: ('class', 'search_block') 开始一个标签: div 属性值: ('class', 'index_btn') 开始一个标签: input 属性值: ('type', 'button') 属性值: ('class', 'btn_so_index') 属性值: ('onclick', 'Search();') 属性值: ('value', '\xa0找一下\xa0') 结束一个标签: input 开始一个标签: span 属性值: ('class', 'help_link') 开始一个标签: a 属性值: ('target', '_blank') 属性值: ('href', '/help') 结束一个标签: a 结束一个标签: span 结束一个标签: div 开始一个标签: input 属性值: ('type', 'text') 属性值: ('onkeydown', 'searchEnter(event);') 属性值: ('class', 'input_index') 属性值: ('name', 'w') 属性值: ('id', 'w') 结束一个标签: input 结束一个标签: div 结束一个标签: div 结束一个标签: div 开始一个标签: div 属性值: ('class', 'footer') 开始一个标签: a 属性值: ('href', 'http://www.cnblogs.com') 结束一个标签: a 结束一个标签: div 结束一个标签: center 结束一个标签: body 结束一个标签: html Process finished with exit code 0
View Result

 

(@_@)Y,本篇分享到这里!待续~

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lmei/p/5338026.html

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