SSH-1 员工增删改查案例

1. 基本需求

　　基于SSH框架的员工增删改查小案例的具体需求如下图所示：
　　

---

2. 实现步骤

2.1 搭建SSH框架环境

第一步：添加Spring4框架，具体步骤如下：

• 加入Spring4框架所依赖的jar包；
• 配置web.xml文件使其能够在WEB应用中正常使用；
• 添加Spring的Bean配置。

第二步：添加Hibernate4框架，具体步骤如下：

• 加入Hibernate4所依赖的jar包；
• 在类路径下创建hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件，用于配置hibernate的基本属性；
• 建立所需要的持久化类及其对应的对象关系映射文件*.hbm.xml；
• 与Spring4进行整合，即添加C3P0数据源和MySQL数据库的驱动，并在Spring的Bean配置文件中配置数据源、SessionFactory和声明式事务；
• 配置成功后，启动当前WEB应用即可生成对应的数据表。

第三步：添加Struts2框架，具体步骤如下：

• 加入Struts2框架所依赖的jar包，若有重复则删除版本较低的jar包；
• 在web.xml文件中配置Struts2的过滤器；
• 添加Struts2的配置文件；
• 与Spring4进行整合，主要包括：
  
  • 加入Struts2的Spring插件，即struts2-spring-plugin-2.3.31.jar；
  • 在Spring的Bean配置文件中正常配置Action，要求其scope属性必须为prototype；
  • 在Struts2的配置文件中配置Action，其class属性需指向该Action在IoC容器中所配置的id。

2.2 显示所有员工信息

　　EmployeeAction类中list()方法的核心代码如下所示：

/**
 * 功能一：查询并显示所有员工信息 
 * 注意事项： 
 *  1). 在事务作用范围之外访问员工的部门名称可能会出现懒加载异常，采用迫切左外连接查询或使用OpenSessionInViewFilter来实现
 *  2). 通过实现RequestAware接口来获取request，将获取的员工信息放入其属性中，即可在显示页面获取并显示
 * @return
 */
public String list() {
    /**
     * System.out.println(employeeService.getAll()); //会出现懒加载异常
     * 事务作用的EmployeeService的getAll()方法上，其执行完毕即提交事务，此时打印员工的部门信息即会出现异常
     */
    request.put("EMPLOYEES", employeeService.getAll());
    return "list";
}

2.3 删除当前员工信息

　　执行删除后需要将返回值设置为redirect类型，并重定向到emp-list；其中，删除时的提示信息和Ajax请求实现的核心代码如下所示：

<script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery-1.7.2.js">script>
<script type="text/javascript">

    $(function() {
        // 1). 弹出信息提示框
        $(".delete").click(function() {
            var name = $(this).next(":input").val();
            var flag = confirm("确定要删除" + name + "的信息吗？");
            if(flag) {
                // 2). 删除员工的信息
                var $tr = $(this).parent().parent();
                // 发送删除请求
                var url = this.href;
                var args = {"times":new Date()}; //用于禁用缓存
                $.post(url, args, function(data) {
                    if(data == "1") {
                        alert("恭喜您，删除成功！");
                        if($tr.siblings().length == 0) {
                            $tr.parent().parent().remove();
                        }
                        $tr.remove();
                    } else {
                        alert("对不起，删除失败！");
                    }
                });
            }

            // 取消超链接的默认行为
            return false;
        });
    });
script>

2.4 添加新的员工信息

　　显示表单页面时，需要先查询出所有的部门信息；需要使用Struts2的ModelDriven和Preparable拦截器；也需要自定义转换器将时间字符串转为日期对象。其中，Ajax校验员工名的核心代码如下所示：

<script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery-1.7.2.js">script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    $(function() {
        $(":input[name=name]").change(function() {

            var nameval = $(this).val();
            nameval = $.trim(nameval);
            $this = $(this);
            if(nameval != "") {
                $this.nextAll("font").remove();
                var url = "emp-validateName";
                var args = {"name":nameval, "time":new Date()};
                $.post(url, args, function(data) {
                    if(data == "1") {
                        $this.after("恭喜您，员工名可用！");
                    } else if (data == "0") {
                        $this.after("对不起，员工名不可用！");
                    } else {
                        alert("服务器异常，请重试！");
                    }
                });
            } else {
                alert("对不起，员工姓名不能为空！");
                $(this).val("");
            }
        });
    });
script>

2.5 修改指定员工信息

　　需要回显当前员工的信息，并设置其员工名不可修改。

---

3. 具体实现

　　基于SSH框架的员工增删改查小案例的实现代码下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/download/bingbeichen/9790372。

代码目录结构：

　　　　

EmployeeAction.java：

package com.qiaobc.ssh.actions;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Preparable;
import com.qiaobc.ssh.entities.Employee;
import com.qiaobc.ssh.service.DepartmentService;
import com.qiaobc.ssh.service.EmployeeService;

public class EmployeeAction extends ActionSupport implements RequestAware, ModelDriven<Employee>, Preparable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private EmployeeService employeeService;
    private DepartmentService departmentService;    

    public void setEmployeeService(EmployeeService employeeService) {
        this.employeeService = employeeService;
    }

    public void setDepartmentService(DepartmentService departmentService) {
        this.departmentService = departmentService;
    }

    /**
     * 功能一：查询并显示所有员工信息 
     * 注意事项： 
     *  1). 在事务作用范围之外访问员工的部门名称可能会出现懒加载异常，采用迫切左外连接查询 
     *  2). 通过实现RequestAware接口来获取request，将获取的员工信息放入其属性中，即可在显示页面获取并显示
     * 
     * @return
     */
    public String list() {
        /**
         * System.out.println(employeeService.getAll()); //会出现懒加载异常
         * 事务作用的EmployeeService的getAll()方法上，其执行完毕即提交事务，此时打印员工的部门信息即会出现异常
         */
        request.put("EMPLOYEES", employeeService.getAll());
        return "list";
    }

    private Map request;

    @Override
    public void setRequest(Map arg0) {
        this.request = arg0;
    }

    /**
     * 功能二-1：正常删除当前员工的信息 
     * 注意事项：根据员工id删除当前员工信息后需要重定向到emp-list，以防止删除操作的重复提交
     */
    /*
     * public String delete() { employeeService.delete(id); return "delete"; }
     */
    private Integer id;

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    private InputStream inputStream;

    public InputStream getInputStream() {
        return inputStream;
    }

    /**
     * 功能二-2：使用Ajax删除当前员工的信息，需要使用jQuery弹出信息提示框
     * Ajax的具体使用参见struts-2.3.31/docs/docs/ajax.html，与Struts2的文件下载类似
     */
    public String delete() {
        try {
            employeeService.delete(id);
            inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("1".getBytes("UTF-8"));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            try {
                inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("0".getBytes("UTF-8"));
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return "ajax-success";
    }

    /**
     * 功能三：添加员工信息
     *  1). 显示表单页面：需要先查询所有的部门信息
     *  2). 使用Struts2的ModelDriven和Preparable拦截器
     *  3). 需要将时间字符串转为日期对象
     */
    public String input() {
        // 获取所有的部门信息
        request.put("DEPARTMENTS", departmentService.getDepartments());
        return "input";
    }

    public void prepareInput() {
        if(id != null) {
            model = employeeService.get(id);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void prepare() throws Exception {}

    private Employee model;

    @Override
    public Employee getModel() {
        return model;
    }

    public String save() {
        if(id == null) {
            model.setCreateTime(new Date());
        }
        employeeService.saveOrUpdate(model);
        return "save";
    }

    /**
     * 可以根据id来判断是从数据库获取model还是创建新的model
     * @return
     */
    public void prepareSave() {
        if(id == null) {
            model = new Employee();
        } else {
            model = employeeService.get(id);
        }
    }

    private String name;

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String validateName() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        if(employeeService.validateName(name)) {
            inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("1".getBytes("UTF-8"));
        } else {
            inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("0".getBytes("UTF-8"));
        }
        return "ajax-success";
    }
}

SSHDateConverters.java：

package com.qiaobc.ssh.converters;

import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.struts2.util.StrutsTypeConverter;

public class SSHDateConverters extends StrutsTypeConverter {

    private DateFormat dateFormat;

    {
        dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
    }

    @Override
    public Object convertFromString(Map context, String[] values, Class toClass) {
        System.out.println("convertFromString");
        if(toClass == Date.class) {
            try {
                return dateFormat.parse(values[0]);
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return values;
    }

    @Override
    public String convertToString(Map context, Object o) {
        System.out.println("convertToString");
        if(o instanceof Date) {
            return dateFormat.format((Date) o);
        }
        return null;
    }
}

BaseDao.java：

package com.qiaobc.ssh.dao;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

public class BaseDao {

    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
        this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
    }

    public Session getSession() {
        Session session = this.sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
        return session;
//      return this.sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
    }

}

DepartmentDao.java：

package com.qiaobc.ssh.dao;

import java.util.List;

import com.qiaobc.ssh.entities.Department;

public class DepartmentDao extends BaseDao {

    /**
     * 查询所有的部门信息
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public List getDepartments() {
        String hql = "FROM Department";
        return getSession().createQuery(hql).list();
    }
}

EmployeeDao.java：

package com.qiaobc.ssh.dao;

import java.util.List;

import com.qiaobc.ssh.entities.Employee;

public class EmployeeDao extends BaseDao {

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public List getAll() {
        // 使用迫切左外连接查询防止出现懒加载异常
        String hql = "FROM Employee e LEFT JOIN FETCH e.dept";
        return getSession().createQuery(hql).list();
    }

    public void delete(int id) {
        String hql = "DELETE FROM Employee e WHERE e.id = ?";
        getSession().createQuery(hql).setInteger(0, id).executeUpdate();
    }

    public void saveOrUpdate(Employee employee) {
        getSession().saveOrUpdate(employee);
    }

    public Employee validateName(String name) {
        String hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE e.name = ?";
        return (Employee) getSession().createQuery(hql).setString(0, name).uniqueResult();
    }

    public Employee get(Integer id) {
        return (Employee) getSession().get(Employee.class, id);
    }
}

EmployeeService.java：

package com.qiaobc.ssh.service;

import java.util.List;

import com.qiaobc.ssh.dao.EmployeeDao;
import com.qiaobc.ssh.entities.Employee;

public class EmployeeService {

    private EmployeeDao employeeDao;

    public void setEmployeeDao(EmployeeDao employeeDao) {
        this.employeeDao = employeeDao;
    }

    public List getAll() {
        List emps = employeeDao.getAll();
        return emps;
    }

    public void delete(int id) {
        employeeDao.delete(id);
    }

    public void saveOrUpdate(Employee employee) {
        employeeDao.saveOrUpdate(employee);
    }

    public boolean validateName(String name) {
        return employeeDao.validateName(name) == null;
    }

    public Employee get(Integer id) {
        return employeeDao.get(id);
    }
}

applicationContext-beans.xml：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">


    
    <bean id="employeeAction" class="com.qiaobc.ssh.actions.EmployeeAction" scope="prototype">
        <property name="employeeService" ref="employeeService">property>
        <property name="departmentService" ref="departmentService">property>
    bean>

    <bean id="employeeDao" class="com.qiaobc.ssh.dao.EmployeeDao">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory">property>
    bean>

    <bean id="employeeService" class="com.qiaobc.ssh.service.EmployeeService">
        <property name="employeeDao" ref="employeeDao">property>
    bean>

    <bean id="departmentDao" class="com.qiaobc.ssh.dao.DepartmentDao">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory">property>
    bean>

    <bean id="departmentService" class="com.qiaobc.ssh.service.DepartmentService">
        <property name="departmentDao" ref="departmentDao">property>
    bean>

beans>

applicationContext.xml：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">

    
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}">property>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}">property>
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}">property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}">property>
        <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${jdbc.initialPoolSize}">property>
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${jdbc.maxPoolSize}">property>
    bean>

    
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

        
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource">property>

        
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml">property>

        
        <property name="mappingLocations" value="classpath:com/qiaobc/ssh/entities/*.hbm.xml">property>
    bean>

    
    
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory">property>
    bean>

    
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*"/>
        tx:attributes>
    tx:advice>

    
    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.qiaobc.ssh.service.*.*(..))" id="txPointcut"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointcut"/>
    aop:config>

beans>

db.properties：

jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=root
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///spring

jdbc.initialPoolSize=5
jdbc.maxPoolSize=10

hibernate.cfg.xml：

<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>

        

        <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialectproperty>

        <property name="hibernate.show_sql">trueproperty>
        <property name="hibernate.format_sql">trueproperty>

        <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">updateproperty>

    session-factory>
hibernate-configuration>

struts.xml：

<struts>

    <package name="ssh-emps" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">

        
        <interceptors>
            <interceptor-stack name="sshEmpsStack">
                <interceptor-ref name="paramsPrepareParamsStack">
                    <param name="prepare.alwaysInvokePrepare">falseparam>
                interceptor-ref>
            interceptor-stack>
        interceptors>

        
        <default-interceptor-ref name="sshEmpsStack">default-interceptor-ref>

        <action name="emp-*" class="employeeAction" method="{1}">
            <result name="list">/WEB-INF/views/emp-list.jspresult>
            <result name="delete" type="redirect">/emp-listresult>
            <result name="ajax-success" type="stream">
                <param name="contentType">text/htmlparam>
                <param name="inputName">inputStreamparam>
            result>
            <result name="input">/WEB-INF/views/emp-input.jspresult>
            <result name="save" type="redirect">/emp-listresult>
        action>

    package>

struts>

emp-list.jsp：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>

<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title heretitle>
head>

<script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery-1.7.2.js">script>
<script type="text/javascript">

    $(function() {
        // 1). 弹出信息提示框
        $(".delete").click(function() {
            var name = $(this).next(":input").val();
            var flag = confirm("确定要删除" + name + "的信息吗？");
            if(flag) {
                // 2). 删除员工的信息
                var $tr = $(this).parent().parent();
                // 发送删除请求
                var url = this.href;
                var args = {"times":new Date()}; //用于禁用缓存
                $.post(url, args, function(data) {
                    if(data == "1") {
                        alert("恭喜您，删除成功！");
                        if($tr.siblings().length == 0) {
                            $tr.parent().parent().remove();
                        }
                        $tr.remove();
                    } else {
                        alert("对不起，删除失败！");
                    }
                });
            }

            // 取消超链接的默认行为
            return false;
        });
    });

script>

<body>

    <s:debug>s:debug>
    <br>

    <s:if
        test="#request.EMPLOYEES == null || #request.EMPLOYEES.size() == 0">
        <h4>暂没有任何员工信息...h4>
    s:if>
    <s:else>
        <table border="1" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0">
            <thead>
                <tr>
                    <td>IDtd>
                    <td>NAMEtd>
                    <td>EMAILtd>
                    <td>BIRTHDAYtd>
                    <td>CREATETIMEtd>
                    <td>DEPARTMENTtd>
                    <td>DELETEtd>
                    <td>EDITtd>
                tr>
            thead>
            <tbody>
                <s:iterator value="#request.EMPLOYEES">
                    <tr>
                        <td>${id }td>
                        <td>${name }td>
                        <td>${email }td>
                        <td>
                            <s:date name="birth" format="yyyy-MM-dd"/>
                        td>
                        <td>
                            <s:date name="createTime" format="yyyy-MM-dd hh-mm-ss"/>
                        td>
                        <td>${dept.name }td>
                        <td>
                            <a href="emp-delete?id=${id }" class="delete">Deletea>
                            <input type="hidden" value="${name }">
                        td>
                        <td><a href="emp-input?id=${id }">Edita>td>
                    tr>
                s:iterator>
            tbody>
        table>
    s:else>
body>
html>

emp-input.jsp：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>

<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title heretitle>
head>

<script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery-1.7.2.js">script>
<script type="text/javascript">

    $(function() {
        $(":input[name=name]").change(function() {

            var nameval = $(this).val();
            nameval = $.trim(nameval);
            $this = $(this);
            if(nameval != "") {
                $this.nextAll("font").remove();
                var url = "emp-validateName";
                var args = {"name":nameval, "time":new Date()};
                $.post(url, args, function(data) {
                    if(data == "1") {
                        $this.after("恭喜您，员工名可用！");
                    } else if (data == "0") {
                        $this.after("对不起，员工名不可用！");
                    } else {
                        alert("服务器异常，请重试！");
                    }
                });
            } else {
                alert("对不起，员工姓名不能为空！");
                $(this).val("");
            }
        });
    });

script>

<body>

    <h4>Add New Employee:h4>

    <s:form action="emp-save" method="post">
        <s:if test="id != null">
            <s:textfield label="Name" name="name" disabled="true">s:textfield>
            <s:hidden name="id">s:hidden>
            
        s:if>
        <s:else>
            <s:textfield label="Name" name="name">s:textfield>
        s:else>
        <s:textfield label="Email" name="email">s:textfield>
        <s:textfield label="Birth" name="birth">s:textfield>

        <s:select list="#request.DEPARTMENTS" 
            listKey="id" listValue="name" 
            label="Department" name="dept.id">s:select>

        <s:submit>s:submit>
    s:form>

body>
html>