一 源端安装GoldenGate
1. 创建用户
创建目录
mkdir -p /opt/ogg
chmod -R 777 /opt/ogg
chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/ogg
ogg用户
useradd -g oinstall -G dba ggate
su – ggate
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=prm
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/u01/app/oracle/ggate
export GGATE=/opt/ogg
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$GGATE
mkdir -p /opt/ogg
chmod -R 755 /opt/ogg
chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/ogg
ogg用户
useradd -g oinstall -G dba ggate
su – ggate
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=prm
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/u01/app/oracle/ggate
export GGATE=/opt/ogg
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$GGATE
create pfile='/home/oracle/initdemo.ora' from spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest='/arch/prm' scope=spfile; --修改归档的路径
---alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='' scope=spfile; --关闭闪回
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
archive log list;
alter database open;
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
SQL> Alter database force logging;
SQL> select supplemental_log_data_min from v$database; --查看是否开启了最小附加日志模式
SQL> alter database add supplemental log data; --开启最小附加日志模式
千万不要小看这步日志设置,其实在GoldenGate的配置中,这步是最容易出错的环节。如果开启DDL复制做冗灾备份,最好直接在数据库级别打开补全日志:
SQL> alter database add supplemental log data (primary key,unique,foreign key) columns;
检查一下,全是YES就OK了(整个数据库级别补全)
SQL> select supplemental_log_data_min,
supplemental_log_data_pk,supplemental_log_data_ui from v$database;
SQL> show parameter recyclebin
SQL> alter system set recyclebin=off scope=spfile;
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup;
SQL> show parameter recyclebin
alter system set undo_retention=86400;
create tablespace ogg datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prm/ogg01.dbf' size 1024M;
create user ggate identified by ggate default tablespace ogg temporary tablespace temp;
grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to ggate;
grant connect,resource,dba to ggate;
grant execute on utl_file to ggate;
grant select any dictionary,select any table to ggate;
grant alter any table to ggate;
grant flashback any table to ggate;
grant execute on DBMS_FLASHBACK to ggate;
grant insert any table to ggate;
grant delete any table to ggate;
grant update any table to ggate;
运行DDL同步需要的脚本
cd $GGATE
@marker_setup.sql;
@ddl_setup.sql;
@role_setup.sql;
grant GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE to ggate;
@ddl_enable.sql;
安装性能优化包。
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/dbmspool
ddl_pin将触发器用到的plsql包放进内存中
cd $GGATE
SQL> @ddl_pin ggate
GGSCI> dblogin userid ggate,password ggate --GoldenGate中登录OARCLE数据库
GGSCI>add trandata sender.* --表名可以使用通配符
GGSCI> add trandata coss3.per_test,nokey,cols(sampletime, objectid)
--无主键指定字段补全的示例
也可以在数据库中打开:
SQL> alter table add supplemental log data (primary key) columns;
示例:
GGSCI(node1) 1> dblogin userid ogg,password oracle
GGSCI(node1) 2> add trandata SCOTT.DEPT
四 配置源端进程组
16. 配置管理进程【1】mgr
GGSCI(node1) 1> edit param mgr
(粘贴下面这段配置)
PORT 8839
--DYNAMICPORTLIST 8000-9000
--AUTOSTART ER *
AUTORESTART EXTRACT *,RETRIES 5,WAITMINUTES 3
PURGEOLDEXTRACTS ./dirdat/*,usecheckpoints, minkeepdays 3
--PURGEDDLHISTORY MINKEEPDAYS 3, MAXKEEPDAYS 5, FREQUENCYMINUTES 30
--PURGEMARKERHISTORY MINKEEPDAYS 3, MAXKEEPDAYS 5, FREQUENCYMINUTES 30
LAGREPORTHOURS 1
LAGINFOMINUTES 30
LAGCRITICALMINUTES 45
GGSCI (node1) > edit params ./GLOBALS
GGSCHEMA ggate
GGSCI(node1) 2> start mgr
Managerstarted.
GGSCI(node1) 3> info all
Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER RUNNING
GGSCI(node1)> add extract extnd, tranlog, begin now
EXTRACT added.
修改EXTRAIL参数
GGSCI (GOLDENGATE1) 4> edit params extnd
EXTRACT extnd
SETENV (NLS_LANG = "AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8")
SETENV (ORACLE_HOME = "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1")
SETENV (ORACLE_SID = "prm")
USERID ggate, PASSWORD ggate
EXTTRAIL ./dirdat/nd
DISCARDFILE ./dirdat/extnd.dsc,APPEND,MEGABYTES 5
TRANLOGOPTIONS ALTARCHIVELOGDEST /arch/prm
TRANLOGOPTIONS ALTARCHIVEDLOGFORMAT %t_%s_%r.dbf
DDL INCLUDE ALL
DDLOPTIONS ADDTRANDATA
FETCHOPTIONS, USESNAPSHOT, NOUSELATESTVERSION, MISSINGROW REPORT
STATOPTIONS REPORTFETCH
WARNLONGTRANS 1H, CHECKINTERVAL 5M
TABLE sender.*;
添加该extract对应的trail文件,用来存储抽取的数据。单个文件大小设置为100MB
GGSCI(node1)> add exttrail ./dirdat/nd, extract extnd, megabytes 100
EXTTRAIL added.
GGSCI(node1)>add extract dpend, exttrailsource ./dirdat/nd, begin now
EXTRACT added.
修改PUMP参数
GGSCI(node1)> edit params dpend
EXTRACT dpend
SETENV (NLS_LANG = "AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8")
USERID ggate, PASSWORD ggate
RMTHOST 192.168.80.166, MGRPORT 8809
RMTTRAIL ./dirdat/nd
DISCARDFILE ./dirdat/dpend.dsc,APPEND,MEGABYTES 5
TABLE sender.*;
添加RMTRAILS
GGSCI(node1)> add rmttrail ./dirdat/nd, extract dpend, megabytes 100
RMTTRAIL added.
五 配置目标数据库
21. 数据库初始化【1】
22. 创建GoldenGate数据库用户并授权【2】
创建表空间、用户、赋予dba权限
create tablespace ogg datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prm/ogg01.dbf' size 1024M;
create user ggate identified by ggate default tablespace ogg temporary tablespace temp;
grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to ggate;
grant connect,resource,dba to ggate;
grant execute on utl_file to ggate;
grant select any dictionary,select any table to ggate;
grant alter any table to ggate;
grant flashback any table to ggate;
grant execute on DBMS_FLASHBACK to ggate;
grant insert any table to ggate;
grant delete any table to ggate;
grant update any table to ggate;
运行DDL同步需要的脚本
@$GGATE/marker_setup.sql;
@$GGATE/ddl_setup.sql;
@$GGATE/role_setup.sql;
grant GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE to ggate;
@$GGATE/ddl_enable.sql;
安装性能优化包。
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/dbmspool
ddl_pin将触发器用到的plsql包放进内存中
SQL> @ddl_pin ggate
六 配置目标端进程组
23. 配置MGR参数mgr
GGSCI(node2) 1> edit param mgr
(粘贴下面这段配置)
PORT 8839
--DYNAMICPORTLIST 8000-9000
--AUTOSTART ER *
AUTORESTART EXTRACT *,RETRIES 5,WAITMINUTES 3
PURGEOLDEXTRACTS ./dirdat/*,usecheckpoints, minkeepdays 3
--PURGEDDLHISTORY MINKEEPDAYS 3, MAXKEEPDAYS 5, FREQUENCYMINUTES 30
--PURGEMARKERHISTORY MINKEEPDAYS 3, MAXKEEPDAYS 5, FREQUENCYMINUTES 30
LAGREPORTHOURS 1
LAGINFOMINUTES 30
LAGCRITICALMINUTES 45
GGSCI (node2)> edit params ./GLOBALS
GGSCHEMA ggate
CHECKPOINTTABLE ggate.chkpoint
GGSCI (node2)> dblogin userid ggate, password ggate
Successfully logged into database.
GGSCI (node2)> add checkpointtable ggate.chkpoint
Successfully created checkpoint table goldengate.chkpoint.
GGSCI (node2)> add replicat repnd, exttrail ./dirdat/nd, checkpointtable ggate.chkpoint
REPLICAT added.
修改REP参数
GGSCI (node2)> edit params repnd
REPLICAT repnd
ASSUMETARGETDEFS
USERID ggate, PASSWORD ggate
DISCARDFILE ./dirrpt/repnd.dsc,APPEND,MEGABYTES 5
DDL INCLUDE ALL
DDLOPTIONS REPORT
BATCHSQL
DBOPTIONS DEFERREFCONST
DBOPTIONS LOBWRITESIZE 102400
DDLERROR DEFAULT DISCARD RETRYOP MAXRETRIES 5 RETRYDELAY 20
MAP sender.* , TARGET sender.* ;
七 启动进程进行数据库同步
27. 启动源端进程组
start mgr
start mgr
start repnd
八 数据同步测试
30. 数据同步测试
源数据库上创建数据
conn sender/oracle
create table t1 (id number CONSTRAINT id_nn NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR2(40),
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
insert into t1 values (1,'aaa');
insert into t1 values (2,'bbb');
insert into t1 values (3,'ccc');
insert into t1 values (4,'ddd');
create table t2 (id number CONSTRAINT id_nm NOT NULL,
addr VARCHAR2(40),
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
insert into t2 values (1,'word');
insert into t2 values (2,'now');
insert into t2 values (3,'values');
insert into t2 values (4,'beijing');
测试时使用语句
insert into t1 values (5,’eee’)
insert into t1 values (6,’fff’)
insert into t1 values (7,’ggg’)
create table t3 as select * from t1 where 1=0;
create table t4 as select * from t1;
alter table t2 rename to t4;
九 环境说明
31. 环境介绍
十 各程序组配置名称及参数【成功后记录】
32. 源端进程组
管理进程:mgr
参数:
GGSCI(node1) 1> edit param mgr
(粘贴下面这段配置)
PORT 8839
--DYNAMICPORTLIST 8000-9000
--AUTOSTART ER *
AUTORESTART EXTRACT *,RETRIES 5,WAITMINUTES 3
PURGEOLDEXTRACTS ./dirdat/*,usecheckpoints, minkeepdays 3
--PURGEDDLHISTORY MINKEEPDAYS 3, MAXKEEPDAYS 5, FREQUENCYMINUTES 30
--PURGEMARKERHISTORY MINKEEPDAYS 3, MAXKEEPDAYS 5, FREQUENCYMINUTES 30
LAGREPORTHOURS 1
LAGINFOMINUTES 30
LAGCRITICALMINUTES 45
GLOBALS:
GGSCI (node1) > edit params ./GLOBALS
GGSCHEMA ggate
抽取进程:extnd
参数:
增加EXTRAIL
GGSCI(node1)> add extract extnd, tranlog, begin now
EXTRACT added.
修改EXTRAIL参数
GGSCI (GOLDENGATE1) 4> edit params extnd
EXTRACT extnd
SETENV (NLS_LANG = "AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8")
SETENV (ORACLE_HOME = "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1")
SETENV (ORACLE_SID = "prm")
USERID ggate, PASSWORD ggate
EXTTRAIL ./dirdat/nd
DISCARDFILE ./dirdat/extnd.dsc,APPEND,MEGABYTES 5
TRANLOGOPTIONS ALTARCHIVELOGDEST /arch/prm
TRANLOGOPTIONS ALTARCHIVEDLOGFORMAT %t_%s_%r.dbf
DDL INCLUDE ALL
DDLOPTIONS ADDTRANDATA
FETCHOPTIONS, USESNAPSHOT, NOUSELATESTVERSION, MISSINGROW REPORT
STATOPTIONS REPORTFETCH
WARNLONGTRANS 1H, CHECKINTERVAL 5M
TABLE sender.*;
添加该extract对应的trail文件,用来存储抽取的数据。单个文件大小设置为100MB
GGSCI(node1)> add exttrail ./dirdat/nd, extract extnd, megabytes 100
EXTTRAIL added.
传输进程:dpend
参数:
增加PUMP
GGSCI(node1)>add extract dpend, exttrailsource ./dirdat/nd, begin now
EXTRACT added.
修改PUMP参数
GGSCI(node1)> edit params dpend
EXTRACT dpend
SETENV (NLS_LANG = "AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8")
USERID ggate, PASSWORD ggate
RMTHOST 192.168.80.166, MGRPORT 8809
RMTTRAIL ./dirdat/nd
DISCARDFILE ./dirdat/dpend.dsc,APPEND,MEGABYTES 5
TABLE sender.*;
添加RMTRAILS
GGSCI(node1)> add rmttrail ./dirdat/nd, extract dpend, megabytes 100
RMTTRAIL added.
管理进程:mgr
参数:
GGSCI(node2) 1> edit param mgr
(粘贴下面这段配置)
PORT 8839
--DYNAMICPORTLIST 8000-9000
--AUTOSTART ER *
AUTORESTART EXTRACT *,RETRIES 5,WAITMINUTES 3
PURGEOLDEXTRACTS ./dirdat/*,usecheckpoints, minkeepdays 3
--PURGEDDLHISTORY MINKEEPDAYS 3, MAXKEEPDAYS 5, FREQUENCYMINUTES 30
--PURGEMARKERHISTORY MINKEEPDAYS 3, MAXKEEPDAYS 5, FREQUENCYMINUTES 30
LAGREPORTHOURS 1
LAGINFOMINUTES 30
LAGCRITICALMINUTES 45
GLOBALS:
GGSCI (node2)> edit params ./GLOBALS
GGSCHEMA ggate
CHECKPOINTTABLE ggate.chkpoint
复制进程:repnd
参数:
增加目标端REP
GGSCI (node2)> add replicat repnd, exttrail ./dirdat/nd, checkpointtable ggate.chkpoint
REPLICAT added.
修改REP参数
GGSCI (node2)> edit params repnd
REPLICAT repnd
ASSUMETARGETDEFS
USERID ggate, PASSWORD ggate
DISCARDFILE ./dirrpt/repnd.dsc,APPEND,MEGABYTES 5
DDL INCLUDE ALL
DDLOPTIONS REPORT
BATCHSQL
DBOPTIONS DEFERREFCONST
DBOPTIONS LOBWRITESIZE 102400
DDLERROR DEFAULT DISCARD RETRYOP MAXRETRIES 5 RETRYDELAY 20
MAP sender.* , TARGET sender.* ;
十一 附件
34. ddl同步
GoldenGate的DDL同步只支持两边一致的数据库,限制条件较多(如不能进行字段映射、转换等),具体可以参考官方文档。DDL的抓取不是通过日志抓取来捕获的,而是通过触发器来实现,所以对源数据库的性能影响要比单纯的数据抓取要大很多,可谓屏弃了GoldenGate的优势。尽量不要使用GoldenGate的DDL复制功能,在大多数业务系统中,实际上不会有频繁的数据库结构变动,完全可以通过手工的方式进行维护。确实有大量DDL操作的环境,如果可以,还是推荐物理DG之类的替换方案;确实要使用GoldenGate的DDL复制,那么请详细参考官方文档的限制和说明。
–以上主要为个人意见,有不同看法的请无视
开启DDL复制的基本配置步骤为:
(1)关闭ORACLE的回收站功能。
(2)选择一个数据库schema存放支持DDL的GoldenGate对象,运行相应创建脚本。
(3)编辑globals参数文件。
(4)修改extl和repl的配置文件
具体操作步骤:
(1)关闭数据库回收站:
SQL>alter system set recyclebin=off scope=both;
(2)编辑globals参数文件:
GGSCI>edit param ./globals
添加以下内容后保存:
GGSCHEMA ddw --标明支持DDL的GG对象存放在哪个schema下
(3)执行创建脚本:
首先需要命令行进入GG安装目录下,然后再运行sqlplus执行脚本,如果不进入目录下脚本执行会报错(应该是由于GG脚本中子脚本嵌套使用相对路径的问题所造成)。
SQL>@marker_setup.sql --提示输入目标schema
SQL>@ddl_setup.sql --提示输入目标schema,输入initialsetup最后输入yes
SQL>@role_setup.sql
SQL>grant GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE to ddw; --不进行该步赋权后面起进程会报错
SQL>@ddl_enable.sql --使触发器生效
(4)修改提取进程和复制进程的配置文件,分别加入ddl include all属性。
此时repl必须指定assumetargetdefs属性,这表明只有两边数据库结构一致的情况下才可以启用DDL复制。另外,开启DDL同步不能再只映射单表了,对整个模式下的对象都有效。
加入DDL复制之后,数据复制的lag明显增加了。
清除数据库中DDL复制的设置
在实际测试中,由于我在同一个数据库中进行映射,映射表结构不一致,导致进程报了一系列的错误。这个时候需要把通过脚本创建的GG对象中的数据清空,安装目录下只提供了清除对象的脚本,可以如下操作:
首先要求把所有的GG进程停掉,包括mgr进程
SQL>@ddl_disable.sql --首先使DDL触发器失效
SQL>@ddl_remove.sql
SQL>@marker_remove.sql
role_setup.sql没有对应的清除脚本,但是这块不影响配置信息的清除
然后重新再创建脚本。