801. Minimum Swaps To Make Sequences Increasing

Description

We have two integer sequences A and B of the same non-zero length.

We are allowed to swap elements A[i] and B[i]. Note that both elements are in the same index position in their respective sequences.

At the end of some number of swaps, A and B are both strictly increasing. (A sequence is strictly increasing if and only if A[0] < A[1] < A[2] < ... < A[A.length - 1].)

Given A and B, return the minimum number of swaps to make both sequences strictly increasing. It is guaranteed that the given input always makes it possible.

Example:
Input: A = [1,3,5,4], B = [1,2,3,7]
Output: 1
Explanation:
Swap A[3] and B[3]. Then the sequences are:
A = [1, 3, 5, 7] and B = [1, 2, 3, 4]
which are both strictly increasing.

Note:

• A, B are arrays with the same length, and that length will be in the range [1, 1000].
• A[i], B[i] are integer values in the range [0, 2000].

Solution

DP, time O(n), space O(n)

用二维DP来计算：

• dp[i][0]表示不交换i，使得[0, i]严格递增的最小swap数
• dp[i][1]表示交换i，使得[0, i]严格递增的最小swap数

For convenience, say a1 = A[i-1], b1 = B[i-1] and a2 = A[i], b2 = B[i].

Now, if a1 < a2 and b1 < b2, then it is allowed to have both of these columns natural (unswapped), or both of these columns swapped. This possibility leads to n2 = min(n2, n1) and s2 = min(s2, s1 + 1).

Another, (not exclusive) possibility is that a1 < b2 and b1 < a2. This means that it is allowed to have exactly one of these columns swapped. This possibility leads to n2 = min(n2, s1) or s2 = min(s2, n1 + 1).

Note that it is important to use two if statements separately, because both of the above possibilities might be possible.

At the end, the optimal solution must leave the last column either natural or swapped, so we take the minimum number of swaps between the two possibilities.

class Solution {
    public int minSwap(int[] a, int[] b) {
        int n = a.length;
        int[][] dp = new int[n][2];
        for (int[] arr : dp) {
            Arrays.fill(arr, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        }
        
        dp[0][0] = 0;
        dp[0][1] = 1;
        
        for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
            if (a[i - 1] < a[i] && b[i - 1] < b[i]) {
                dp[i][0] = Math.min(dp[i - 1][0], dp[i][0]);
                dp[i][1] = Math.min(1 + dp[i - 1][1], dp[i][1]);
            }
            
            if (a[i - 1] < b[i] && b[i - 1] < a[i]) {
                dp[i][0] = Math.min(dp[i - 1][1], dp[i][0]);
                dp[i][1] = Math.min(1 + dp[i - 1][0], dp[i][1]);
            }
        }
        
        return Math.min(dp[n - 1][0], dp[n - 1][1]);
    }
}

DP, time O(n), space O(1)

由于dp[i]只依赖与dp[i - 1]，可以省略掉dp数组，用常数的空间即可。

class Solution {
    public int minSwap(int[] A, int[] B) {
        // n: natural, s: swapped
        int n1 = 0, s1 = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i < A.length; ++i) {
            int n2 = Integer.MAX_VALUE, s2 = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            if (A[i-1] < A[i] && B[i-1] < B[i]) {
                n2 = Math.min(n2, n1);
                s2 = Math.min(s2, s1 + 1);
            }
            if (A[i-1] < B[i] && B[i-1] < A[i]) {
                n2 = Math.min(n2, s1);
                s2 = Math.min(s2, n1 + 1);
            }
            n1 = n2;
            s1 = s2;
        }
        return Math.min(n1, s1);
    }
}