-英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。
-常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。
-这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。
一. 增译法
-汉译英:在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子
-汉译英:增补物主代词,英译汉:根据情况适当地删减
-英语逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系
①、What about calling him right away?
马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何? (增译主语和谓语)
②、If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.
要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)
③、Indeed, the reverse is true.
实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词)
二、省译法
这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如:
①、You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.
你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。(省译物主代词)
②、I hope you will enjoy your stay here.
希望您在这儿过得愉快。(省译物主代词)
③、中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省译名词)
三、转换法
-把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;
-把形容词转换成副词和短语。
-在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;
-把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;
-把宾语变成主语。
-在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。
-在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态
①、我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。
Our instituteis co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. (名词转动词)
②、Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.
孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词)
③、由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。
Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensivenational strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词)
四、拆句法和合并法-
-英译汉:拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子
-汉译英:合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句
①、Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.
同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。 (在主谓连接处拆译)
②、I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.
我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译)
③、This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account.
英联邦各国尤其如此,它们认为英国加入欧共体,将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。(在定语从句前拆译)
五、正译法和反译法
-这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。
-所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。
-所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语,比较地道
①、在美国,人人都能买到枪。
In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译)
In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译)
②、你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。
You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译)
This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译)
③、他突然想到了一个新主意。
Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译)
He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译)
A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译)
六、倒置法
-在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;
-在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,
因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。
①、At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.
此时此刻,通过现代通信手段的奇迹,看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。(部分倒置)
②、I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.
我坚信,英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员,这是符合我国人民利益的。(部分倒置)
③、改革开放以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)
七、包孕法
-英译汉:所谓包孕是指在把英语长句译成汉语时,把英语后置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前,使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。但修饰成分不宜过长,否则会形成拖沓或造成汉语句子成分在连接上的纠葛。如:
①、You are the representative of a country and of a continent to which China feels particularly close.
您是一位来自于使中国倍感亲切的国家和大洲的代表。
②、What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences.
使我们走到一起的,是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利。
八、插入法
-这种方法主要用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中,即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。
如:如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的"带来灾难性的影响",那我们要勇敢地面对这个灾难,做出决策。
If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, "disastrous effects," we will face that disaster squarelyand make a new policy decision.
九、重组法
英译汉:彻底摆脱原文语序和句子形式,对句子进行重新组合。
如:Decision must be made very rapidly; physical enduranceis tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.
必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事,而这一切对身体的耐力和思维能力都是一大考验。因此,一旦考虑成熟,决策者就应迅速做出决策。
十、综合法
-单用某种翻译技巧无法译出时,着眼篇章,以逻辑分析为基础,同时使用转换法、倒置法、增译法、省译法、拆句法等多种翻译技巧的方法。
如:How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European film and television program industry which is competitive in the world market, forward-looking and capable of radiating the influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe?
欧洲联盟应该怎样做才能对欧洲的电影电视工业有所贡献,使它在国际市场上具有竞争能力,使它有能力发挥欧洲文化的影响,并且能够在欧洲创造更多的就业机会呢?
光说不练也是不行的呢
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上面的链接是一份英语翻译材料,记得练习哦,欢迎你私信我英语问题