我们在项目开发过程中,偶尔会遇到一些关于动画的小功能。那么关于动画,我们需要掌握哪些知识点呢?
我们先来了解下本文介绍的Core Animation,中文翻译为核心动画,它是一组非常强大的动画处理API,使用它能做出非常炫丽的动画效果,而且往往是事半功倍。也就是说,使用少量的代码就可以实现非常强大的功能。它可以用在Mac OS X和iOS平台。Core Animation的动画执行过程都是在后台操作的,不会阻塞主线程。
注意事项:Core Animation是直接作用在CALayer上的,并非UIView。
1.Core Animation的结构
首先我们来看一张图,如下图示:
注意事项:
1.需要注意的是CAAnimation 和 CAPropertyAnimation 都是抽象类。
2.view是负责响应事件的,layer是负责显示的。
1.使用步骤
1:初始化一个CAAnimation对象,并设置一些动画相关属性。
2:通过调用CALayer的addAnimation:forKey:方法增加CAAnimation对象到CALayer中,这样就能开始执行动画了。
3:通过调用CALayer的removeAnimationForKey:方法可以停止CALayer中的动画。
2.动画的基本制作、暂停、恢复。
2.1 动画的制作
//使用CABasicAnimation创建基础动画
CABasicAnimation *anima = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];
anima.fromValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(0, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-75)];
anima.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-75)];
anima.duration = 1.0f;
// anima.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards; 当动画结束后,layer会一直保持着动画最后的状态
// anima.removedOnCompletion = NO;
[self.demoView.layer addAnimation:anima forKey:@"positionAnimation"];
效果如下:
2.2 动画的暂停
- (IBAction)pause:(id)sender {
[self pauseLayer:self.demoView.layer];
}
#pragma mark - 暂停CALayer动画
- (void)pauseLayer:(CALayer*)layer
{
CFTimeInterval pausedTime = [layer convertTime:CACurrentMediaTime() fromLayer:nil];
// 让CALayer的时间停止走动
layer.speed = 0.0;
// 让CALayer的时间停留在pausedTime这个时刻
layer.timeOffset = pausedTime;
}
2.3 动画的恢复
- (IBAction)resume:(id)sender {
[self resumeLayer:self.demoView.layer];
}
#pragma mark - 恢复动画
- (void)resumeLayer:(CALayer*)layer
{
CFTimeInterval pausedTime = layer.timeOffset;
// 1. 让CALayer的时间继续行走
layer.speed = 1.0;
// 2. 取消上次记录的停留时刻
layer.timeOffset = 0.0;
// 3. 取消上次设置的时间
layer.beginTime = 0.0;
// 4. 计算暂停的时间(这里也可以用CACurrentMediaTime()-pausedTime)
CFTimeInterval timeSincePause = [layer convertTime:CACurrentMediaTime() fromLayer:nil] - pausedTime;
// 5. 设置相对于父坐标系的开始时间(往后退timeSincePause)
layer.beginTime = timeSincePause;
}
效果如下:
- 动画的调用方式
3.1 UIView 代码块调用
// UIView 代码块调用:
_demoView.frame = CGRectMake(0, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-50, 50, 50);
[UIView animateWithDuration:1.0f animations:^{
_demoView.frame = CGRectMake(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-50, 50, 50);
} completion:^(BOOL finished) {
_demoView.frame = CGRectMake(SCREEN_WIDTH/2-25, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-50, 50, 50);
}];
3.2 UIView [begin commit]模式
_demoView.frame = CGRectMake(0, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-50, 50, 50);
[UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];
[UIView setAnimationDuration:1.0f];
_demoView.frame = CGRectMake(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-50, 50, 50);
[UIView commitAnimations];
3.3 使用Core Animation中的类
CABasicAnimation *anima = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];
anima.fromValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(0, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-75)];
anima.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-75)];
anima.duration = 1.0f;
[_demoView.layer addAnimation:anima forKey:@"positionAnimation"];
实现效果,如下
其他的动画效果:
旋转动画
CABasicAnimation *anima = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.rotation.z"];//绕着z轴为矢量,进行旋转(@"transform.rotation.z"==@@"transform.rotation")
anima.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:3*M_PI];
anima.duration = 1.0f;
[_demoView.layer addAnimation:anima forKey:@"rotateAnimation"];
效果如下:
透明动画
CABasicAnimation *anima = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.scale"];//同上
anima.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:2.0f];
anima.duration = 1.0f;
[_demoView.layer addAnimation:anima forKey:@"scaleAnimation"];
效果如下:
背景色变化动画
CABasicAnimation *anima = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"backgroundColor"];
anima.toValue =(id) [UIColor greenColor].CGColor;
anima.duration = 5.0f;
[_demoView.layer addAnimation:anima forKey:@"backgroundAnimation"];
关键帧动画 values
CAKeyframeAnimation *anima = [CAKeyframeAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];
NSValue *value0 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(0, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-50)];
NSValue *value1 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(SCREEN_WIDTH/3, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-50)];
NSValue *value2 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(SCREEN_WIDTH/3, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2+50)];
NSValue *value3 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(SCREEN_WIDTH*2/3, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2+50)];
NSValue *value4 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(SCREEN_WIDTH*2/3, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-50)];
NSValue *value5 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-50)];
anima.values = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:value0,value1,value2,value3,value4,value5, nil];
anima.duration = 2.0f;
anima.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseOut];//设置动画的节奏
anima.delegate = self;//设置代理,可以检测动画的开始和结束
[_demoView.layer addAnimation:anima forKey:@"keyFrameAnimation"];
CAAnimationGroup 组合动画
// 位移动画
CAKeyframeAnimation *anima1 = [CAKeyframeAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];
NSValue *value0 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(0, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-50)];
NSValue *value1 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(SCREEN_WIDTH/3, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-50)];
NSValue *value2 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(SCREEN_WIDTH/3, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2+50)];
NSValue *value3 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(SCREEN_WIDTH*2/3, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2+50)];
NSValue *value4 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(SCREEN_WIDTH*2/3, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-50)];
NSValue *value5 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-50)];
anima1.values = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:value0,value1,value2,value3,value4,value5, nil];
过渡动画
[UIView beginAnimations:@"animationID" context:nil];
[UIView setAnimationDuration:0.5f]; //动画时长
[UIView setAnimationCurve:UIViewAnimationCurveEaseInOut];
[UIView setAnimationTransition:UIViewAnimationTransitionFlipFromLeft forView:self.demoView cache:YES]; //给视图添加过渡效果
//在这里写你的代码.
[UIView commitAnimations]; //提交动画
- (void) transitionWithType:(NSString *) type WithSubtype:(NSString *) subtype ForView : (UIView *) view
{
//创建CATransition对象
CATransition *animation = [CATransition animation];
//设置运动时间
animation.duration = 2;
//设置运动type
animation.type = type;
if (subtype != nil) {
//设置子类
animation.subtype = subtype;
}
//设置运动速度
animation.timingFunction = UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseInOut;
[view.layer addAnimation:animation forKey:@"animation"];
}
代码地址:
ios — Core Animation
关于,ios中的Core Animation简单到这。