学习python3的野路子——复数(complex)

python3中提供复数类型^[1]，其创建可通过complex([real[, imag]])，当两者都缺省时，返回0j。该类型^[2]可处理+、_、*、/四种运算；若c为复数类型，则c.real表示实部，c.imag表示虚部，还可以通过c.conjugate()求其共轭复数。

至于为啥python3中复数中用表示而不是。可以参考这份介绍^[3]。

以下是编程题。本题如果通过自己编程实现题干中的四舍五入并不可行，反而通过控制float类型输出格式便可。极其感谢此文^[4]作者。

# PAT中的基础编程题目集函数题7-36
def printPatOfRes(pattern, real, image, a1, b1, a2, b2): # 用于输出
    if image <= 0.05 and image >=-0.05:
        pattern += '%.1f'
        print(pattern %(a1, b1, a2, b2, real))
    elif real <= 0.05 and real >= -0.05:
        pattern += '%.1fi'
        print(pattern %(a1, b1, a2, b2, image))
    elif image < 0 :
        pattern += '%.1f%.1fi'
        print(pattern %(a1, b1, a2, b2, real, image) )
    else :
        pattern += '%.1f+%.1fi'
        print(pattern %(a1, b1, a2, b2, real, image) )

def printPatOfInput(real, image): # 得到输入数据的输出格式
    if image < 0:
        return '(%.1f%.1fi)'
    else :
        return '(%.1f+%.1fi)'

a1, b1, a2, b2 = input().split()
a1 = float(a1); b1 = float(b1); a2 = float(a2); b2 = float(b2)
tmp = complex(a1, b1) + complex(a2, b2)
printPatOfRes(printPatOfInput(a1, b1) + ' + ' + printPatOfInput(a2, b2) + ' = ', tmp.real, tmp.imag, a1, b1, a2, b2)

tmp = complex(a1, b1) - complex(a2, b2)
printPatOfRes(printPatOfInput(a1, b1) + ' - ' + printPatOfInput(a2, b2) + ' = ', tmp.real, tmp.imag, a1, b1, a2, b2)

tmp = complex(a1, b1) * complex(a2, b2)
printPatOfRes(printPatOfInput(a1, b1) + ' * ' + printPatOfInput(a2, b2) + ' = ', tmp.real, tmp.imag, a1, b1, a2, b2)

tmp = complex(a1, b1) / complex(a2, b2)
printPatOfRes(printPatOfInput(a1, b1) + ' / ' + printPatOfInput(a2, b2) + ' = ', tmp.real, tmp.imag, a1, b1, a2, b2)

参考

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1. https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#complex ↩

2. https://python3-cookbook.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/c03/p06_complex_math.html ↩

3. https://www.zhihu.com/question/20221042 ↩

4. https://blog.csdn.net/yubai258/article/details/81330121 ↩