SoapUI+Groovy做接口自动化测试

摘要: 从头开始手把手教你新建一个SoapUI Project.

重点看是如何操作Excel中的Properties，以及错误Result Report。

关键词：SoapUI接口测试，接口自动化测试，数据驱动测试，SoapUI进阶使用， Groovy in SoapUI, SoapUI中Groovy的使用，数据分离。

阅读这篇文章需要一定的SoapUI基础，至少入过门，另外还需要一些Groovy的知识，当然如果你会java 也可以，这里用到的Groovy知识和Java很类似。

另外，本文的思路和我上一篇文章<零成本实现接口自动化测试 – Java+TestNG 测试Restful service>很相似，只不过把Java+TestNG的组合换成了SoapUI+Groovy, 另外测试对象也换成了基于Soap的web service，依旧用Excel来管理数据，做到数据分离。

由于我用到的SoapUI是免费版本，相比Pro版，少很多的功能，像DataLoop之类的，所以只能通过Groovy写一些脚本来做数据驱动的测试。

1. 首先打开SoapUI, 新建一个Workspace 名为Demo

2. 然后点击File->New soapUI Project

3. 然后输入你的Project Name， WSDL 地址点击OK

4.输入服务的用户名密码点击OK

5. 项目工程建好了

6. 右击ServicePort 建立TestSuite

以其中一个接口为例来生成用例

输入TestSuite name 然后确认工程结构如下

7. 通过右击TestCase -> Add Step 增加 Groovy Script 和 Properties

增加四个Groovy Script, 并且命名成 Start, Process, Check Response, End

增加5个 Properties, 并且命名成Input, Baseline, Output, Result, fieldResult

调整它们的顺序，最后形成下图的工程目录结构

8. Start脚本主要创建log文件

/*Check the log file, create folder and file if necessary*/

import java.io.*;

def cal = Calendar.instance;

def sysdate = cal.getTime();

def Y = cal.get(Calendar.YEAR);

def M = cal.get(Calendar.MONTH)+1;

def D = cal.get(Calendar.DATE);

if (D<10) D = "0"+D;

if (M<10) M = "0"+M;

date = Y+"-"+M+"-"+D;

time=sysdate.toString().replaceAll(':','-')

def testSuites=testRunner.testCase.getTestSuite();

def testcase = testRunner.testCase;

def logFolder = new File(context.expand('${#Project#LogFolder}'));

def responseLogName = (context.expand('${#Project#LogFolder}')+date+'\\'+testSuites.name+' - '+ testcase.name +' - ' + time+".log");

def responseDetailLogName = (context.expand('${#Project#LogFolder}')+date+'\\'+testSuites.name+' - ' + testcase.name +' - ' + time + " Response Detail.log");

def responseLogFile = new File(responseLogName);

def responseDetailLogFile = new File(responseDetailLogName);

def subFolder= new File (context.expand('${#Project#LogFolder}')+date+'\\')

/*Set date and Log Name to Project - Testcase Properties*/

testcase.setPropertyValue('date', date);

testcase.setPropertyValue('LogFile - Check Response', responseLogName);

testcase.setPropertyValue('LogFile - Response Detail', responseDetailLogName);

if(!logFolder.exists()){

logFolder.mkdirs();

}

if(!subFolder.exists()){

subFolder.mkdirs();

}

/*Check the file, create a new one if not found*/

if(!responseLogFile.exists()){

responseLogFile.createNewFile();

}

responseLogFile.append("---------------Test Start on "+sysdate+" ------------------------"+'\n');

if(!responseDetailLogFile.exists()){

responseDetailLogFile.createNewFile();

}

responseDetailLogFile.append("---------------Test Start on "+sysdate+" ------------------------"+'\n');

9. Process脚本是整个工程的核心，读取Excel数据文件的Input, Baseline 放入二维数组，然后循环读入Input和Baseline这两个Properties, 调用request, 取到Ouput和Result Properties的值放入Output, Result数组，最后更新Excel的Output, Result, Comparison sheet。

import java.io.*;

import jxl.*;

import java.text.DecimalFormat;

def readInput(workbook,inputSheetName)

{

Sheet sheet=workbook.getSheet(inputSheetName);

rows = sheet.getRows();

columns = sheet.getColumns();

/*Get content into array*/

input = new Object [columns][rows]

for (a=0;a

{

for (b=0;b

{

input[a][b]= sheet.getCell(a,b).getContents();

}

}

}

def readBaseline(workbook,sheetName)

{

Sheet sheet=workbook.getSheet(sheetName);

Rows = sheet.getRows();

Columns = sheet.getColumns();

/*Get content into array*/

baseline = new Object [Columns][Rows]

for (a=0;a

{

for (b=0;b

{

baseline[a][b]= sheet.getCell(a,b).getContents();

}

}

}

def updateOutput(writableWorkbook,sheetName,start_row,rows,columnNo,result,resultTag){

Sheet[] sheet= writableWorkbook.getSheets();

ws = writableWorkbook.getSheet(sheetName);

if(ws==null){

ws = writableWorkbook.createSheet(sheetName,sheet.length)

}

for (a=0;a

{

ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,0,result[a][0]));

for (b=start_row;b

{

wc = new jxl.write.WritableCellFormat();

if (resultTag[a][b]=='PASS')

{

wc.setBackground(jxl.format.Colour.WHITE);

ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,b,result[a][b],wc));

}

else if(resultTag[a][b]=='FAIL'){

wc.setBackground(jxl.format.Colour.RED);

ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,b,result[a][b],wc));

}

}

}

}

def updateResult(writableWorkbook,sheetName,start_row,rows,columnNo,result){

Sheet[] sheet= writableWorkbook.getSheets();

ws = writableWorkbook.getSheet(sheetName);

if(ws==null){

ws = writableWorkbook.createSheet(sheetName,sheet.length)

}

for (a=0;a

{

ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,0,result[a][0]));

for (b=start_row;b

{

wcf = new jxl.write.WritableCellFormat();

wcf.setBackground(jxl.format.Colour.RED);

if(result[a][b] == 'FAIL'){

ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,b,result[a][b],wcf));

} else

ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,b,result[a][b]));

}

}

wc = new jxl.write.WritableCellFormat();

wcc = new jxl.write.WritableCellFormat();

wc.setBackground(jxl.format.Colour.GRAY_25);

wcc.setBackground(jxl.format.Colour.LIGHT_TURQUOISE);

ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(0,rows-3,result[0][rows-3],wcc));

ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(0,rows-2,result[0][rows-2],wc));

ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(0,rows-1,result[0][rows-1],wc));

}

def updateComparison(writableWorkbook,sheetName,start_row,rows,columnNo,output,outputTag,result,baseline){

Sheet[] sheet= writableWorkbook.getSheets();

ws = writableWorkbook.getSheet(sheetName);

if(ws==null){

ws = writableWorkbook.createSheet(sheetName,sheet.length)

}

for (a=0;a

{

ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,0,output[a][0]));

x= 1;

for (b=start_row;b

{

if(result[1][b] == 'FAIL'){

wc = new jxl.write.WritableCellFormat();

if (outputTag[a][b]=='PASS')

{

wc.setBackground(jxl.format.Colour.WHITE);

ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,x,output[a][b],wc));

}

else {

wc.setBackground(jxl.format.Colour.RED);

ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,x,output[a][b],wc));

}

wbc = new jxl.write.WritableCellFormat();

wbc.setBackground(jxl.format.Colour.ICE_BLUE);

ws.addCell(new jxl.write.Label(a,x+1,baseline[a][b],wbc));

x+=2;

}

}

}

}

def removeSheetByName(writableWorkbook, name){

Sheet[] sheet= writableWorkbook.getSheets();

ws = writableWorkbook.getSheet(name);

if(ws != null){

for (i = 0; i < sheet.length; i++) {

sheetName = writableWorkbook.getSheet(i).getName();

if (sheetName.equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {

writableWorkbook.removeSheet(i);

}

}

}

}

def setProperties(Name,Value,Place)

{

name = Name;

target = testRunner.testCase.getTestStepByName(Place);

target.setPropertyValue(name,Value);

}

def cleanProperty(PropertyListName)

{

PropertyList = testRunner.testCase.getTestStepByName(PropertyListName);

size=PropertyList.getPropertyCount();

if (size!=0)

{

for (i=0;i

{

PropertyList.removeProperty(PropertyList.getPropertyAt(0).name);

}

}

}

def logFile = new File(context.expand('${#TestCase#LogFile - Check Response}'));

def xlsName = context.expand('${#TestCase#Workbook}');

def project = testRunner.testCase.getTestSuite().getProject();

def testSuite = testRunner.testCase.getTestSuite();

def testcase = testRunner.testCase

def requests = testcase.getTestStepsOfType( com.eviware.soapui.impl.wsdl.teststeps.WsdlTestRequestStep.class )

def request = requests[0];

inputSheetName = "Input";

baselineSheet = "Baseline";

outputSheet = "Output";

resultSheet = "Result";

fieldResult = testcase.getTestStepByName('fieldResult');

ComparisonSheet = "Comparison";

Baseline = testcase.getTestStepByName(baselineSheet);

baselineSize = Baseline.getPropertyCount();

Output = testcase.getTestStepByName(outputSheet);

def cal = Calendar.instance;

def sysdate = cal.getTime();

sleepTime=context.expand('${#Project#sleepTime}').toInteger()

try{

Workbook workbook=Workbook.getWorkbook(new File(xlsName));

cleanProperty(inputSheetName);

readInput(workbook,inputSheetName);

for (i=0;i

{

setProperties(input[i][0],'',inputSheetName)

}

cleanProperty(baselineSheet);

readBaseline(workbook,baselineSheet);

for (i=0;i

{

setProperties(baseline[i][0],'',baselineSheet)

}

workbook.close();

}catch(Exception e){

e.printStackTrace();

}

/*-----------Set runSelect as 'true' in Project property to run selected test cases from startTag till endTag-------*/

def runSelected = context.expand('${#Project#runSelected}')

start_Test=1;

end_Test=rows-1;

def passNumbers = 0;

def decFormat = new DecimalFormat("##.00%");

if ('true'.equalsIgnoreCase(runSelected))

{

startTag=context.expand('${#Project#startTag}').toInteger();

endTag=context.expand('${#Project#endTag}').toInteger();

if((0=startTag)&&(rows>endTag)){

start_Test=startTag;

end_Test=endTag;

}

}

result = new Object [2][rows+3]

result[0][0]='Case Description';

result[1][0]='Result'

result[0][rows+1]='Start Time:';

result[1][rows+1]=sysdate.toString();

/*--New object and put the output name and value into this list--*/

output = new Object [baselineSize][rows]

outputTag = new Object [baselineSize][rows]

for (i=0;i

{

output[i][0]= Baseline.getPropertyAt(i).name;

outputTag[i][0]= 'PASS';

}

for (m=start_Test;m<=end_Test;m++)

{

logFile.append('\n'+ testcase.name + ": "+m+" "+ ". "+sysdate+'\n');

for (i=0;i

{

setProperties(input[i][0],input[i][m],inputSheetName)

}

for (j=0;j

{

setProperties(baseline[j][0],baseline[j][m],baselineSheet)

}

testRunner.runTestStepByName(request.name);

Thread.sleep(sleepTime);

testRunner.runTestStepByName("Check Response");

result[0][m]=context.expand('${'+inputSheetName+'#Case Description}')

result[1][m]=context.expand('${'+resultSheet+'#result}')

if(result[1][m] == 'PASS'){

passNumbers++;

}

for (i=0;i

{

output[i][m]= Output.getPropertyAt(i).value;

outputTag[i][m]= fieldResult.getPropertyAt(i).value;

}

}

result[0][rows+2]='End Time:';

result[1][rows+2]=sysdate.toString();

result[0][rows]='Pass Percentage:';

passPercentage = decFormat.format(passNumbers/(end_Test-start_Test+1));

result[1][rows] = passPercentage

/*--------------Update Output, Result, Comparison sheet---------*/

try{

workbook = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File(xlsName));

writableWorkbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File(xlsName), workbook);

updateOutput(writableWorkbook,outputSheet,start_Test,end_Test+1,baselineSize,output,outputTag);

updateResult(writableWorkbook,resultSheet,start_Test,rows+3,2,result);

removeSheetByName(writableWorkbook,ComparisonSheet);

if(passPercentage != '100.00%'){

updateComparison(writableWorkbook,ComparisonSheet,start_Test,end_Test+1,baselineSize,output,outputTag,result,baseline);

}

writableWorkbook.write();

writableWorkbook.close();

workbook.close();

}catch(Exception e){

e.printStackTrace();

}

setProperties('passPercentage', passPercentage ,'Result');

testRunner.gotoStepByName('End');

10. Check Response 顾名思义，用来检查返回结果，通过XmlHolder getNodeValue 来取response各节点的值，并且填入Output Properties已作对比之用。

import java.lang.*;

import java.util.*;

import groovy.lang.*;

import groovy.util.*;

import com.eviware.soapui.support.XmlHolder

baselineSheet = "Baseline";

outputSheet = "Output";

resultSheet = "Result";

def testcase = testRunner.testCase;

Baseline = testcase.getTestStepByName(baselineSheet)

baselineSize = Baseline.getPropertyCount();

Output = testcase.getTestStepByName(outputSheet);

def requests = testcase.getTestStepsOfType( com.eviware.soapui.impl.wsdl.teststeps.WsdlTestRequestStep.class )

def request = requests[0];

def response = request.testRequest.response;

respXmlHolder = new XmlHolder(response.contentAsXml)

//declare namespace in xml response

respXmlHolder.declareNamespace("ns1", "http://schemas.xxx.com/v201203/yourservice")

def statusCode = request.testRequest.response.responseHeaders["#status#"].toString();

def setProperties(Name,Value,Place){

name = Name;

target = testRunner.testCase.getTestStepByName(Place);

target.setPropertyValue(name,Value);

}

def getspecifiedValue(field){

prefix = "//ns1:";

nodePath = "${prefix}${field}"

specifiedValue = respXmlHolder.getNodeValue("${nodePath}")

}

testRunner.testCase.getTestStepByName(outputSheet).clearPropertyValues();

//normal output, status = '200 OK'

if(statusCode.contains('200 OK')){

for (i=1;i

{

specifiedName = Baseline.getPropertyAt(i).name;

specifiedValue = getspecifiedValue(specifiedName);

if(specifiedValue != null){

setProperties(specifiedName,specifiedValue,outputSheet)

} else {

setProperties(specifiedName,'',outputSheet)

}

}

} else

{

setProperties(Baseline.getPropertyAt(0).name,Baseline.getPropertyAt(0).value,outputSheet);

setProperties(Baseline.getPropertyAt(1).name,statusCode,outputSheet);

for(t=2; t

setProperties(Baseline.getPropertyAt(t).name, '' ,outputSheet);

}

}

setProperties(Baseline.getPropertyAt(0).name,Baseline.getPropertyAt(0).value,outputSheet);

setProperties('result','PASS', resultSheet);

logFile = new File(context.expand('${#TestCase#LogFile - Check Response}'));

responseDetailLogFile= new File(context.expand('${#TestCase#LogFile - Response Detail}'));

logFile.append(" ------ Start Response Check "+ " @ "+Calendar.instance.getTime()+"\n");

responseDetailLogFile.append("\n"+ testcase.name + " -- " + Baseline.getPropertyAt(0).value+ "\n" + response+"\n");

/*--------Compare the result with Baseline and update the result accordingly---------*/

for (i=0;i

{

if (Baseline.getPropertyAt(i).value==Output.getPropertyAt(i).value)

{

setProperties(Baseline.getPropertyAt(i).name,'PASS','fieldResult');

}

else

{

setProperties(Baseline.getPropertyAt(i).name,'FAIL','fieldResult');

setProperties('result','FAIL','Result');

}

}

11. End脚本在log上打时间戳

def cal = Calendar.instance;

def sysdate = cal.getTime();

responseLogFile = new File(context.expand('${#TestCase#LogFile - Check Response}'));

responseDetailLogFile= new File(context.expand('${#TestCase#LogFile - Response Detail}'));

responseLogFile.append('\n'+ "---------------Test End on " + sysdate.toString() + " ------------------------"+'\n');

responseDetailLogFile.append('\n'+ "---------------Test End on " + sysdate.toString() + " ------------------------"+'\n');