The Economist 翻译系列 NO. 5
原文请见：https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21726692-countries-bar-them-certain-jobs-should-think-again-people-two-nationalities-should
Countries that bar them from certain jobs should think again
禁止他们从事某些工作的国家应该反思下
AUSTRALIA’S constitution has plenty of unfortunate clauses: the one allowing states to bar particular races from voting is especially distasteful, even though none does. But until last month few would have pointed to Section 44 as the cause of a political furore. It states that members of the federal parliament must not be “under any acknowledgment of allegiance, obedience or adherence to a foreign power”. More specifically, they must not be a “subject or citizen” of a foreign country.
澳大利亚的宪法有足够多的令人遗憾的条款。允许各州禁止特定种族参加选举的那条尤其恶心，尽管没有哪个州照着做。但直到上月之前，没人认为宪法第44条会引发一场政治骚乱。这一条例声明，联邦议会成员不得“拥护、服从或信奉一个外国政权“。更确切地说，他们不能是一位外国公民。
That seems clear enough, yet so far half a dozen members of parliament have been found to have broken the rule. Two senators resigned in July, having discovered that they were still citizens of countries from which they had emigrated as infants. The most recent MP to be rumbled, Barnaby Joyce, the tub-thumpingly patriotic deputy prime minister, is considered a citizen by New Zealand, since his father was born there. The fate of the government may hang on whether he is forced to resign.
这看起来够清楚了，但到目前为止已经有六位议会成员被发现破例。有两名参议员已经在七月份辞职，因为发现他们仍是从婴儿时期移民过来的国家的公民。而最近一位被披露出来的议员，Barnaby Joyce，慷慨激昂的爱国的副总理，被认为是新西兰公民，因为他的父亲出生在那里。政府的命运可能取决于他是否会被迫辞职。
Trying to make sure that lawmakers do not owe allegiance to a foreign power is fair enough. But the accident of birth and possession of particular citizenship papers are poor measures of loyalty, all the more so in a time of global travel, migration and mixed marriages. People of more than one nationality should not be treated with suspicion. As long as they pay their taxes, they should be celebrated.
确认立法者不拥护外国政权是相当合理的。但是出生的造化和拥有特定公民身份证明并不代表忠诚，尤其是在目前这么一个全球旅行、移民和通婚盛行的时代。有不止一个国籍的人不应该被猜忌，只要他们纳税，他们就应该被欢迎。
It is not just Australia that has archaic rules of eligibility for parliament, although it is feeling the problem more acutely because it has become vastly more cosmopolitan than it was when its constitution was drafted in the 1890s. Fully 26% of Australians were born abroad. An even bigger percentage would be eligible for (and may indeed hold) citizenship of some other country by descent, like Mr Joyce.
并非只有澳大利亚才有对议会资格的陈旧规定。虽然，由于它已经远比1890年代宪法起草时国际化得多，它更为深切地感受到了这个问题。整整26%的澳大利亚人是在海外出生的，而更大比例的人群有资格有（并可能事实上拥有）他国的通过血统获得的公民权，比如Joyce先生这样。
Egypt, Israel and Sri Lanka, among others, do not allow dual citizens to be MPs. Three of the four most populous countries in the world—China, India and Indonesia—do not allow dual citizenship at all. Japan and Germany severely restrict it. In America only a “natural born citizen” can become president—a rule that dogged a previous president, Barack Obama, during the absurd “birther” controversy. Myanmar bars people who have married foreigners from the presidency, which is why Aung San Suu Kyi, daughter of the country’s independence hero, Aung San, cannot hold the job; instead, she has invented the post of “state counsellor” to run the country. Mexican law bars not only immigrants from the presidency, but also their children in certain circumstances. Naturalised Mexicans, who must renounce any other passports, are not allowed to serve in the police, fly a plane or captain a ship.
其它国家，如埃及、以色列和斯里兰卡不允许双重国籍的人成为议员。而四个人口最多的国家中的三个---中国，印度和印尼---则完全不允许双重国籍。日本和德国也严重限制这点。在美国，只有"本国出生公民”才能成为总统---这条规则伴随着荒谬的“出生造假”质疑始终尾随着巴拉克.奥巴马。缅甸则禁止和外国人结婚的人成为总统，这也是为什么昂山素季、这个国家的独立英雄昂山的女儿，无法上任。于是，她创造了一个“国务咨政“的职位来管理国家。墨西哥的法律不仅禁止移民担任总统，并在某些情况下同样不给移民的孩子机会。新入墨西哥籍者，不仅必须宣布放弃所有他国护照，而且还不能成为警察、驾驶飞机或成为船长。
These rules are derived from crude notions of identity based on blood and soil. They might have appealed in times of frequent inter-state wars and mass conscription. They make no sense in this age of volunteer armies and globalisation.
这些规定都起源于基于血统和土地的原始的身份概念。在有频繁的跨国战争和大规模征兵的时代，这可能很有用。但在现在这个自愿参军和全球化的时代，这些规定毫无意义。
There is no reason to suppose that dual nationals are any more inclined to treachery than anyone else. Many examples point to the contrary. The only Australian MP to have been accused of doing another country’s bidding in recent years is Sam Dastyari, a senator who made statements sympathetic to China after taking money from companies with ties to the Chinese government. He is not of Chinese origin.
没有任何理由证明双重国籍的人会比其他人更为不忠诚。许多例子刚好相反。近年来唯一一位被指控”为别国说话“的澳大利亚议员是Sam Dastyari，这名参议员在收取了与中国政府有关联的公司的贿赂后发表了对中国有利的陈词。而他并不是华裔。
Money, ideology or blackmail are more likely to procure “allegiance, obedience and adherence” than a passport. Think of Benedict Arnold, an American general in the war of independence who asked for £20,000 to defect to the British side; or of the “Cambridge Five”, upper-crust Britons who spied for the Soviet Union. And remember that the Battle of Britain against Nazi Germany was won with the sacrifice of, among others, many Polish and other foreign pilots.
相对于一纸护照，钱、意识形态和勒索更有可能产生”拥护、服从与信奉”。想想Benedict Arnold，美国独立战争时的一位将军，为了2万美元投靠了英国方；或者“剑桥五杰”，英国上流社会的成员却为苏联当间谍。以及，请记住，英国能战胜纳粹德国的代价之一，是牺牲了很多波兰和其它国家的飞行员。
In praise of mongrels
赞美杂种
These days most people’s contribution to their home countries is through their work, talent, ingenuity and investment. Closer relations between countries are a good thing, diminishing the chances of conflict and increasing prosperity through trade. Who better to knit those ties than those of mixed nationality? If voters are worried that politicians with two or more passports might not be acting in their best interests, they can always vote them out. But they should also be given the choice to vote such people in.
现在绝大多数人对祖国的贡献是通过他们的工作、才能、发明创造和投资。国家之间的亲密关系是件好事，它减少了冲突且通过贸易促进繁荣。有谁比多重国籍的人更能促进这些联系呢？即使选民们担心有两三个护照的政治家们可能不代表他们的最佳利益，他们也总是可以投票把他们再选下去。但是他们也应该有权把这样的人选上来。
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