附加疑问句
附加疑问句由陈述句加简短附加问句构成,用以要求对方证实所述之事。附加疑问句主要有两种:一类是反意的附加疑问句,另一类是非反意附加疑问句。例如:
1、附加疑问句句尾上升语调,表示询问。
(1)You are from Japan, aren't you? - 你来自日本,对吗?
Are you from Japan? - 这句话等同于上句
回答方法也相同
Yes/No, I am / I‘m not.
2、附加疑问句句尾下降语调,表寻求对方的同意。
(1)You should follow traffic rules, shouldn't you? - 你应该遵守交通规则,不是吗?
1、非反意附加疑问句
非反意的附加疑问句的陈述部分要么同是肯定的,要么同是否定的。这类的附加疑问句有时带有感情色彩,表示惊奇,愤怒,讽刺 ,不服气等。
(1)you call this a day ’s work,do you ? - 你这就叫一天的活儿,是吗?
2、附加疑问句的形成
一般情况下附加疑问句都是以反意疑问句的形式出现。英语中,反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,起证实作用,一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。
其组成为:肯定陈述句+否定附加疑问句 / 否定句+肯定附加疑问句。
需要注意的是,1、附加疑问句的动词及时态都需要跟随前面的陈述句,2、附加疑问句的be动词/助动词/情态动词和not必须缩写,3、以及附加疑问句中的主语只能用人称代词。
(1)It cold and humid, isn't is? - 天气又冷又潮,不是吗?
(2)Dad was good at sports, wasn't he? - 父亲很擅长运动,不是吗?
(3)Tarzan fell in love with a beautiful girl, didn't he? - Tarzan爱上了一个漂亮的女孩,不是吗?(fall in love with + 人,固定搭配:爱上了某人)
(4)People can't use fake credit card,can they? - 人们不可以用假冒的信用卡,不是吗?
(5)This is really an embarrassing experience, isn't it? - 一次很尴尬的经历,不是吗?
(6)Eating too much junk food isn't good for health, is it? - 吃太多垃圾食品不利于健康,不是吗?
(7)That baby fell asleep, didn't it? - 这个宝宝睡着了,不是吗?
3、特别注意
1、am和not没有缩写形式,附加疑问句中要写成am I not, 或者用aren't I或ain't I 来代替。
(1)I am the right man for the job, am I not? - 做这个工作,我是最适合的人选,不是吗?
2、陈述句如过是there is (are)句型,附加疑问句用isn't / aren't there
(2)There is an old man jogging in the playground, isn't there? - 操场上有个老人在慢跑,不是吗?
(3)There are not any pedestrians in the street, are there? - 路上没有任何行人,不是吗?
3、陈述句中有have/has/had的附加疑问句
have / has +过去分词/had better时,have/has为助动词。
(1)We have to finish the work by ourselves, don't we? - 我们必须靠自己完成工作,不是吗?
(2)He's fond of pop music, isn't he? - 他很喜欢流行音乐,不是吗?
(3)He has decided to quit smoking, hasn't he? - 他已经决定戒烟了,不是吗?
(4)Mary and her friends had a good time, didn't they? - 玛丽和他的朋友玩得很开心,不是吗?
(5)You had better keep silent in the meeting, hadn't you? - 你在会议中最好保持沉默,好吗?
4、陈述句中有否定词时,当作否定句型,即附加疑问句为肯定形式。
含有否定的词有no, nothing, never, seldom, little, few等等。
(1)There is nothing wrong with your phone, is there? - 你的手机没什么毛病,不是吗?
注:以这句为例,虽然陈述句be动词后面没有not,但有一个nothing,所以就当作否定陈述句。
(2)I never tell lies to others, do I? - 我从没对别人说过谎,不是吗?
(3)The foreigner has few friends here in Beijing, does he? - 这个外国人在北京几乎没有朋友,不是吗?
5、陈述句中出现too...to...时,当作肯定陈述句,附加疑问句用否定形式就可以。
(4)You are too young to have the right to vote, aren't you? - 你太年轻了,还没有投票的权力,不是吗?
6、陈述句中含有something, anything, nothing, everything,附加疑问句代词用it,若是someone, anyone...则用they。
(1)Something bad happened to the student, didn't it?
(2)Someone took my notebook without asking me first, didn't they?
7、当主要从句和附属从句同时出现时,附加疑问句跟随主要从句(没有关联词的句子是主要从句)。
(1)If it is fine tomorrow, they will go picnicking, won't they? - 如果明天天气很好的话,他们就回去野餐,不是吗?
(2)Many readers thought that it was an interesting novel, didn't they? - 很多读者都认为这是一部有趣的小说,不是吗?
8、主要从句是I或we+think / know / believe / imagine / guess / heard等时,这个陈述句主要强调自己的主观看法,所以就不需要询问别人自己是不是这样想的,而是着重于自己的看法本身。所以附加疑问句根据附属从句
例如:我知道你不会伤害我的,对吗?这里的“对吗?”不是问“我知道吗?”,而是问“你不会伤害我“这件事对不对。
(1)I know that you don't want to hurt me, do you? - 我知道你不会伤害我的,对吧?
(2)I believe that he will try his best, won't he? - 我相信他会全力以赴的,对吧?
(3)I don't think that we can spend so much money in clothes, can we? - 我觉得我们可以话这么多钱来买衣服,不是吗?
注:尽管附加疑问句跟随附属从句,但think前面的not需要考虑进去。当think前面有not时,会有”否定转移“,当我们说”我认为他不会这么做“的时候,英文中只有一种说法,即字面意思为”我不认为他会这么做“,但此时需要翻译为”我认为他不会这么做“,这个叫”否定转移“,所以think前面的否定,会转移到后面的附属从句中,附加疑问句就需要用肯定形式。
9、感叹句接否定附加疑问句,主语与感叹句一致。
(1)What a kind man, isn't he? - 多善良的人啊,不是吗?
(2)How interesting this comic book is, isn't it? - 多么有趣的漫画书,不是吗?
10、祈使句的附加疑问句
肯定祈使句和否定祈使句都+will you?
邀请祈使句+won't you?
特殊的祈使句有:
Let's~接shall we?
Let us(me/him等)接will you?
Let's not / Don't let's 接all right?/OK?
(1)Tell me what to do, will you? - 告诉我怎么做,好吗?
(2)Don't turn off the right, will you? - 别关灯,好吗?
(3)Have a cup of tea, won't you? - 来喝杯咖啡吧?
(4)Let's call it a day, shall we? - 我们今天就到此为止吧(固定搭配,记住即可)。
(5)Let us give you a hand, will you? - 让我们帮你一把,好吗?
(6)Let's not talk in English, all right?/OK? - 别说英语了可以吗?
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