Chaptrer 5
The Brain's Big Lie: Why We Mistake Wanting For Happiness
大脑的弥天大谎：为什么我们误把渴望当幸福
● THE PROMISE OF REWARD 奖励的承诺
● THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF " I WANT" "我想要”的神经生物学原理
● DOPAMINE ON DEMAND 我们需要多巴胺
● UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: WHAT GETS YOUR DOPAMINE NEURONS FIRING？ 深入剖析：是什么让你的多巴胺神经元不停燃烧？
● A PRESCRIPTION FOR ADDICTION 为成瘾患者开的处方
● THIS IS YOUR BRAIN ON DOPAMINE:THE RISK OF NEUROMARKETING 分泌多巴胺的大脑：神经营销学的崛起
►► words and phrases
（1）mistake for
v. 把…误认为；把…混淆为
mistake sht for sth 把……错认为
mistake a for b 把a误认为b
eg：Why We Mistake Wanting For Happiness？ 为什么我们误把渴望当幸福？
（2）neurobiology [,njʊərəʊbaɪ'ɒlədʒɪ]
n. 神经生物学
neural ['njʊər(ə)l] adj. 神经的；神经系统的；背的；神经中枢的
neuron ['njʊərɒn] n. [解剖] 神经元，神经单位
neurons 神经元，神经细胞（neuron的复数形式）
neuromarketing n.神经营销学
eg：The neurobiology of "I want” "我想要”的神经生物学原理
（3）dopamine ['dəʊpəmiːn]
n. [生化] 多巴胺（一种治脑神经病的药物）
（4）prescription [prɪ'skrɪpʃ(ə)n]
n. 药方；指示；惯例
adj. 凭处方方可购买的
exercise prescription 运动处方
Prescription drug 处方药
eg：We are trying to cut the price of prescription drugs . 我们正努力降低处方药的价格。
（5）catch
vt. 赶上；抓住；感染；了解
vi. 赶上；抓住
n. 捕捉；捕获物；窗钩
过去式 caught过去分词 caught现在分词 catching
catch on 理解，明白；变得流行
caught v. 捕捉（catch的过去分词）
eg：The rat quickly caught on. 小白鼠很快就明白了。
（6）operate 英 ['ɒpəreɪt] 美 ['ɑpə'ret]
vi. 运转；动手术；起作用
vt. 操作；经营；引起；对…开刀
过去式 operated过去分词 operated现在分词 operating
operate on 对…动手术；对…起作用
pretty soon 很快，不久
eg: Pretty soon, they could operate the rat like a joystick. 不久，他们就可以像操纵木偶一样操控小白鼠了。
（7）stimulate
英 ['stɪmjʊleɪt] 美 ['stɪmjə'let]
vt. 刺激；鼓舞，激励
vi. 起刺激作用；起促进作用
过去式 stimulated，过去分词 stimulated，现在分词 stimulating
to stimulate 启发、激发、激发才能、刺激
stimulate students 激发学生
eg：Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.
你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。
（8）stumble on/across/upon sth
无意中发现；偶然遇到，碰巧找到
eg：Actually , they had stumbled on an unexplored area of the brain
实际上，他们无意中发现了大脑里一块未被开发的区域。
（9）bliss 英 [blɪs] 美 [blɪs]
n. 极乐；天赐的福
vt. 使欣喜若狂
vi. 狂喜
eg: That rat wasn’t experiencing bliss—it was experiencing desire. 小白鼠体验到的不是极乐，而是渴望。
（10）provides a fascinating window 打开了一扇奇妙的窗户
eg：What neuroscientists eventually learned about that rat’s experience provides a fascinating window into our own experience of cravings, temptation, and addiction.
神经科学家最终通过小白鼠的实验，为我们打开了一扇奇妙的窗户。透过这面窗户，我们能看到自己渴望、被诱惑、上瘾的种种体验。
►►Sentence
♬ （1）
Olds and Milner hadn't discovered the pleasure center—they had discovered what neuroscientists now call the reward system.Each time the area was activated（v，刺激）, the rat’s brain said, “Do this again! This will make you feel good!” Every stimulation (刺激、激励) encouraged the rat to seek more stimulation, but the stimulation itself never brought satisfaction.
奥尔兹和米尔纳发现的不是快感中心，而是现在神经科学家称之为“奖励”系统的东西。每当这个区域受到刺激的时候，大脑就会说：“再来一次！这会让你感觉良好!”每次刺激都让小白鼠寻求更多刺激，但刺激本身却不会带来满足感。
♬ （2）
When that happens, our brains become obsessed with “I want,” and it gets harder to say, “I won’t.”
当这种情况发生时，我们的大脑就会对“我想要”的东西深深着迷，而说“我不要”就会变得更加困难。
♬ （3）
How does the reward system compel （强迫）us to act? When the brain recognizes an opportunity for reward, it releases（释放） a neurotransmitter called dopamine.A dopamine rush doesn’t create happiness itself—the feeling is more like arousal（激励）. We feel alert（警觉）, awake, and captivated. We recognize the possibility of feeling good and are willing to work for that feeling.
奖励系统是怎么迫使我们行动的呢？当大脑发现获得奖励的机会是，它就释放出一种叫做多巴胺的神经递质。大量的多巴胺并不能产生快乐的感觉，那种感觉更像是一种激励。我们会觉得警醒、清醒、着迷。我们发现了如何快乐，而且愿意为了获得这种感觉而努力。
♬ （4）
Knutson had proven that dopamine is for action, not happiness. The promise of reward guaranteed（保证） that participants（参与者） wouldn't miss out on（错过机会；错失了…） the reward by failing to act. What they were feeling when the reward system lit up （亮起来、活跃起来，light up的过去式）was anticipation, not pleasure. The brain does its own kind of salivation when it expects a reward.
克努森证明了，多巴胺控制的是行动，而不是快乐。奖励的承诺保证了被试者成功的行动，从而获得奖励。当奖励系统活跃的时候，他们感受到的是期待，而不是快乐。大脑在期待奖励的时候也会流口水。
♬ （5）
Anything we think is going to make us feel good will trigger the reward system。Evolution （演变、进化）doesn't give a damn（介意；关心；视为重要） about happiness itself, but will use the promise of happiness to keep us struggling to stay alive.
任何我们觉得会让自己高兴的东西都会刺激奖励系统。进化根本不关心你快乐与否，但他会利用对快乐的承诺，让我们不停的为生计奔忙。
♬ （6）
When we add the instant gratification of modern technology to this primitive motivation system, we end up with dopamine-delivery devices（传送装置） that are damn near impossible to put down（放下）.
现代科技“及时行乐”的特点，加上原始的激励系统，就让我们成了多巴胺的奴隶，从此欲罢不能。
♬ （7）
Cell phones, the Internet, and other social media may have accidentally exploited our reward system, but computer and video game designers intentionally （故意地，有意地）manipulate the reward system to keep players hooked.The promise that the next level or big win could happen at any time is what makes a game compelling. It’s also what makes a game hard to quit.
手机、互联网和其他社交媒体可能是无意中激活了我们的奖励系统，但电脑和电子游戏的设计者是有意识的控制了人们的奖励系统，让玩家上钩。“升级”和“获胜”随时可能出现，游戏就这样激发了人们的兴趣。这也是人们很难戒掉游戏打得原因。
►►Summary
I have a new cognition to dopamine through this section. we should have not only affective thinking but also rational thinking. It is worth thinking about what lurks there behind our habitual behavior? We need to constantly observe our reward system and analyze own behavior.At the same time,we can manage our impulses, habits and behavior.
Dear dopamine , let me rediscover you from the inside out.