语音学习
1)什么是辅音(consonant)?重要的是:stopping the air flowing freely through your mouth.
2)/t/和/d/在词尾也不是泾渭分明,例如:sit & sid。
3)连读:/t/在词尾的连读情况也像/d/,例如:forgetabout;sort of
4)弱读:forgot our /d//ar/ ; did/have的弱读要注意
5)人名的读法:David /ei/ Diana /aijæ/
6)字母读法:CD DVD VOA BBC PDF 重音落在后面的字母
7)不发音的g:gn在一起,g不发音,例如:gnaw/nɔː/ 咬、折磨,gnarled /nɑːld/ 粗糙的
8)your的弱读 /jər/
9)question /tʃ/ 来自法语,例如,attention等
10)idea/famous/nervous/breakfast 不要多加/j/ /r/音
11)gonna 不要“锅呢”
12)语调:普遍习惯“重读前面的音”,习惯“重读不该重读的音”
13)连读:正确看待,连读是自然的事情,不一定“非得连读”(习惯成自然,不习惯不要强求)Can I ask?
14)多数发音中,/z/ 的带声成分并不贯穿发音的全过程,听起来像/s/是正常现象。例如,please /s/
核心原则:省力
has /z/ ~ hasto /s/
have /v/ ~ have to /f/
as /z/ ~ ascan be shown /s/
并非泾渭分明!
15)amazing /z/
16)wouldn't 弱读成/ə/
17)exactly t几乎不发音
18)连读不要太纠结,是为了语流更自然,更省力: whose is it?
Isn
't
it amazing 变成/isnit/
19)辅音连读
i. 位置相同的相连
ii. 位置不同的:通过调整发音,慢慢读,才能更顺畅
20)l/n/r+元音的连读:author of,chapter eight,seven/nine/ten o'clock,iPhone XS,special occasion,LA,H&M,M&M
21)the occasion /ʒ/,any occasion 连读加/j/
22) leisure 英音/ ˈleʒə/,美音/ˈliːʒər/
23)major in连读 注意介词经常会有连读
24) wh- 问句一般降调,没听清楚时候用升调
25) used to /s/
use your /z/
26)h音
i. 非常轻,经常省略掉 hour,what,herb
give them/give him在正常语流中是没有区别的
ii. 注意连读,比如hit him,was he
练习:Tell him that I love him. Tell her that I love her.
27) car accident 连读
28) how awful 连读加/w/
29)词性变化带来发音变化:breath & breathe ,bath & bathe
30)thirtieth 注意序数词的语音,/θɜːrtiiθ/,th前面有一个i,可以发成/j/
31)黑人英语中/ð/ 很多时候会读成/d/
32)the 辅音前/ðə/ 元音前/ði/ 跟元音连读加j 重读/ðiː/
33)英文中只有读到m/n/ŋ的时候,鼻子才会振动
34)ban,bang;ran,rang 区别没有win,wing明显
35)/l/有两种读法
light L,通常在元音之前,和元音进行组合,舌头顶到上牙齿后面的硬腭,也可以放到上排牙齿的下面,th的位置
dark L,位置在元音之后,因为出现在单词末尾,省力念,舌头往后缩
36) l的连读
LA,LOL,l后面light l的部分可以连读,读成“el-lai”,“el-lou-el”
37)schedule 英音/ˈʃedjuːl/ 美音/ˈskedʒuːl/
38) paris,Alice这里的i和a都弱读成/ə/
39) really 更省力的读法:ri-ly
40)元音r+t+元音,中间的t也会变成flap T,如:reporter
41)单词内部连读加/j/: creative j /kri (j)ˈeɪt ɪv/ Brian /ˈbraɪ(j)ən/
42) tr和dr连缀辅音是两个单独的音拼起来的,一定有r的舌头动作。(control/tree/interesting)
拓展表达
1)爽约的表达:
stand...up
didn't show up
no-show:There are a lot of no-shows.
2)landline:接线电话,固定电话
3)play cards 打牌的拓展:
i. play your card=use your advantage
play her cards right 发挥优势
ii. play the XX card 使那一招
You are playing the "I love you"/"I don't have time"/"I'm late"/stupid card.
Don't play the "I love you" card, I won't buy it.
iii. put/lay cards on the table 摊牌,和盘推出
4)gonna的用法
gonna=going to
I'm going to=I'm gonna=I gonna(口语中)=Imna(新说法,懒) Imna go to school.
What are/do/have you=watcha
5)sail through:顺利通过 sail through the test/exam.
6)bask in the sun:沐浴在阳光中
7)Be sensible: 理智一点(Sense and Sensibility)
8)Wise up:醒醒吧
9)恶心的表达:
It's gross/disgusting
Ew...
Yikes! /ai/
10)闻起来怪怪的表达:
smell funny:闻起来怪怪的
smell fishy:闻起来腥,表示可疑,有猫腻
11)sack 袋子
I got sacked. 我被开除了
12)带s的音:
hiss:嘶嘶声(蛇、蒸汽、嘘声)
sizzle:咝咝声(油煎食物)
13)buzz:嗡嗡声
buzzed 喝醉了
喝醉的阶段:tipsy(微醺)~ buzzed(有点晕,喝飘了)~ hammered(大醉)~ drunk(烂醉)~ wasted(喝断片了)
14)wonder
little wonder / no wonder... 怪不得/难怪...
15)tune
stay tuned 不要走开,别换台(广告之后更精彩)
16)stay
Stay hungry, stay foolish.
Stay warm.
Stay put. (别动)
Stay hydrated. (多喝水)
17) treasure/prize (v) 珍视,珍爱
18) collision
head-on /rear end collision/crash(头对头相撞/追尾)
wrong way collision/crash(逆行相撞)
19) trash 动词
trash the place 把地方搞乱
Let's trash each other. 来呀互相伤害呀!
20)have后面是负面的+doing
have a hard time/ trouble doing sth
21)买单的时候客气客气,美国人说“Are you sure?”
22) graduate 毕业
(美)本科毕业生/研究生 graduate school
(英)研究生是post graduate 毕业生fresh graduate
23) the total/whole package 该有的样子都有,各方面都非常好 a good catch
24)XX know-how 专业知识,有能力...
foreign language know-how
technical know-how
25)pay
i. 付费得到某样东西要用pay for:pay for the car/driving lessons/ tickets
ii. 如果后面是费用不加for:pay tuition,pay the bill,pay large sums of money
26)BOGO(buy one get one free)买一送一
27) fit 可容纳,装进去
I can't fit.
It doesn't fit.
28)够啦!
I've had it enough.
Knock it off.
Enough is enough.
Stop fighting.
29)当然啦,没问题
Totally / definitely / sure / for sure / no problem / certainly
30)husband (口语)hubby
31)追尾
A car hit him from behind.
He got rear-ended.
A car rear-ended him.
32)累了
exhausted / wiped out / worn out / burn out
33)安然无恙
not hurt / unharmed / intact / safe and sound
34)我说“破”英语 My English is poor.
I speak broken/limited English.
35) jacket 书外面的封皮(理解为“书的夹克”)
36) zipper 拉链
zip up 拉上
zip it 保证不把秘密说出去:Don't worry, I'll zip it.
37)though (口语)放在句子最后
This is a good idea, though.
38)KO = knockout 拳击比赛中被打倒倒地不起
引人注目的人 date a knockout / The dress is a knockout.
拳头产品 knockout product
39)经历过了 Been there, done that
(也可以表示已去过某地或做过某事而不再感兴趣) I've been in your shoes.
40)legit 合理的 That's legit/reasonable.
41)sleep late 睡懒觉,不是睡得晚
42)be doing 更有动态感和画面感
She'll be taking calls from listeners.
Today we will be talking about…
It's not happening.
How will you be paying?(将来进行时更委婉)
43)实际的,务实的:practical,pragmatic
44)adult /grown-up
45)那是另外一回事了:That's another/a different story.
46)Roger/ Copy that. = Got it. 收到
47)如果我没记错的话:
If I remember/recall correctly.
If my memory serves right/correctly.
48)带个好儿:
Give my regards to everybody!
49)怎么形容job?
menial job 报酬低又枯燥的工作(boring, needs no skills, not important)
decent job 体面的工作
demanding job 艰苦且要求高的动作
rewarding job 高回馈的工作
cushy job 美差,轻松的工作
plum job 称心的工作
taxing job 繁重,伤脑筋的工作
dead-end job 没前途的工作
• 消极的:low-paying, menial, unrewarding, dead-end, repetitive;
• 积极的:well-paid, creative, demanding, rewarding, challenging, promising
50)我得走了
I have to run now. I'm late for XXX. But I'm really glad I ran into you./It's really nice talking to you.
51)born+出身
i. born into+家庭
I was born into single-parent/ academic/ ordinary family.
ii. born to +父母
I was born to a rich father/ a famous star.
iii. born of+ 父母(重点说父母的社会状况)
Some of the children were born of slave mothers.
iv. born to+ 第几次婚姻
He was born to the second marriage.
v. 非婚生:born out of wedlock
vi. 新生儿:a newly-born child
vii. 大儿子:firstborn son
注意事项️
1)学习态度:对自己负责(不是给别人学的,不用装作“学”的样子)
2)奥义:慢即是快,快即是慢
3)关于发音:一定不要有“这个词一定怎么读”的执念
4)关于作业:
i. 先听再读,观察节奏和细节(听不出来?多听多听再多听),不要盲读。读的时候放慢速度,给自己打节拍,不要糊弄。
ii. 交作业时提出自己的问题,主动交流。
iii. 评论他人要抓大放小(二八原则),不要纠结细节。不要非“纠错”才是评论,评价读得好的值得学习的地方也是点评。
iv. 心态和信念(放下顾虑)
刻意练习:以“错误”为核心的练习
5)关于语音:
i. 音准,无硬伤
ii. 语调和节奏自然(弱读连读的细节)
iii. 声音塑造(口音、情感演绎、发音位置)
6)关于放松:
不紧张,放松的状态才能说出好英语。
例如:张艺兴、吴亦凡、蔡徐坤,一是声乐训练的优势;二是明星见过世面,发音放松,模仿力强。
当然,少不了刻苦重复的训练!
7)关于作业:
i. 不用全都读
ii. 先听后跟读
iii. 评论他人作业
8)关于练习:设定场景
9) "我感觉"“好像是”为了表述礼貌可以,但是不要不负责任地评价
10)Put yourself in someone’s shoes. 注意沟通:表述清晰
11)练习的时候要以句子为单位,不能以词为单位
12)英语发音像过山车,当中可能会有停顿,但是舌头运动是连贯
13) 重音,节奏,语调三者是紧密相连的,首先一句话里单词的重音要找准,然后找到节奏,再不断调整fine-tuning语调
14)向原声学习,储存并内化语调
15)不要试图给每个词都加上语调
16)人生本身就充满了问题和艰难,我们要做的就是不断地解决问题。
情绪的本质是对问题的反馈,负面情绪意味着有该解决的问题没有解决而已。
(疼痛的感觉本质上也是一种反馈)
延迟满足 delaying of gratification
承担责任 acceptance of responsibility
忠于事实 dedication to truth
保持平衡 balancing