跟我学语法（二） 名词短语与冠词

第二章 名词短语与冠词#

名词短语

• 英语是拼音文字，所以用词尾的变化来表示单复数，在名词短语的开头，还有一些符号来配合表示该名词的范围，称为“限定词”
• 三部分组成：1.限定词；2.形容词；3.名词。每个部分均可以省略。

什么时候不用限定词

• 从语源学的角度分析， 冠词a(an) 可以视为one 的弱化的结果。也就是说a 就代表着one的意思，但是语气较为弱。
• 除了复数以外，抽象名词没有具体形状，不能以一个来表示。物质名词（water， food）虽然有具体的形状但是形状不固定，已不能以一个来表示。

专有名词

• 人名，地名等都是，因为它们所代表的对象只有一个，不能加a

定冠词The 的用法

• 从语源学的角度，the 可视为that 或 those的弱化形式。而that或those是用来指示形容词，有明确的指示功能。

• 凡是上下文中有明指或暗示时，也就是由“那个”的指示功能时，便要用定冠词the

• I need a book to read on my trip

• I have finished the book you lent me.

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1. E.g. The carpenter repaired the legs of the table.
2. Mr.smith has three shoe stores under his name.
3. The house sits on a twelve-foot-wide road.
4. These men and women are all language teachers.

• The prime minister is the real ruler and the prince is merely a nobody.
• Living in the city, he was always being annoyed by noises of one sort or another.
• Writing is one thing and talking is another.
• The majority of the Members of Parliament are men, but there are quite a few women, of course.
• This is what he said: Don't go out!
• Whether you serve coffee or tea doesn't matter; either will do.
• As we have finished the first character, now we will read the second.
• He has two daughters; one is a singer and the other an actress.
• He asked if eighty dollars was enough, and I said that another twenty would do.
• Mary, alto of the troupe, was strongly against smoking.
• This kind of ball-pen holds less ink than that.
• John works harder than all other boy in his class.
• I was told to take the pills every six hours.
• The man was badly wounded, but there could still be a little hope.
• Most of these people are going to the concert.