Python3---高级应用---代理爬虫

前言

文章主要讲解如何通过Python3来进行代理爬虫,使用模块包括urllib.request.HTTPHander(),urllib.request.build_opener(http_handler),ProxyHandler()模块的使用。

创建时间:20191223

天象独行

  首先,关于在理解urllib.request.HTTPHander(),urllib.request.build_opener(http_handler)之前,我们需要了解一下urllib.request.urlopen(url,data,timeout)方法,我们都知道urllib.request.urlopen()的作用是发出一个URL的请求。其实本质上urllib.request.urlopen()是一个特殊的opener,也可以理解为Python3语言自带的一个opener。与众不同的是这哥们不支持代理等功能。那么问题来了?如果我需要设定代理来访问就不能使用urllib.request.urlopen()。之前我们提到urllib.request.urlopen()本身就是一个特殊的opener,那么我们能不能自定义一个opener呢。答案当然是可以得。

  创建普通opener:

import urllib.request
import urllib.parse

'''
创建一个opener对象步骤
    1;创建相关的Handler处理器
    2;创建opener对象
'''
#创建相关的Handler处理器
new_handler = urllib.request.HTTPHandler
#创建自定义opener对象
new_opener = urllib.request.build_opener(new_handler)
'''
创建新的new_opener之后,可以正常向urllib.request.urlopen()一样使用来访问URL。
举例:
    url = "https://www.cnblogs.com/aaron456-rgv/p/12051754.html"
    new_request = urllib.request.Request(url,headers=heasers)
    result = new_opener.open(new_request)
'''

  创建代理opener:

 

import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
import random

'''
创建一个opener对象步骤
    1;创建相关的Handler处理器
    2;创建opener对象
'''
#定义一个代理IP地址列表
proxy_ip = [
    {"http":"59.57.149.70:9999"},
    {"http":"222.190.222.238:9999"},
    {"http":"183.166.132.224:9999"},
    {"http":"114.239.145.56:808"},
    {"http":"183.166.86.243:9999"},
    {"http":"60.167.22.217:9999"},
    {"http":"117.95.55.151:9999"},
]
#设定随机选择一个代理
proxy = random.choice(proxy_ip)
#创建相关的Handler处理器
new_Proxyhandler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler(proxy)
#创建自定义opener对象
new_opener = urllib.request.build_opener(new_Proxyhandler)
#设定访问地址
url = "https://www.cnblogs.com/aaron456-rgv/p/12051754.html"
#设定UA请求字典
user_agent = [
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:38.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/38.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; InfoPath.3; rv:11.0) like Gecko",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1",
    "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11",
    "Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; en-us; Nexus One Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1",
    "MQQBrowser/26 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; zh-cn; MB200 Build/GRJ22; CyanogenMod-7) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1",
    "Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera Mobi/build-1107180945; U; en-GB) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 3.0; en-us; Xoom Build/HRI39) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.13",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9800; en) AppleWebKit/534.1+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.0.337 Mobile Safari/534.1+",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (hp-tablet; Linux; hpwOS/3.0.0; U; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) wOSBrowser/233.70 Safari/534.6 TouchPad/1.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (SymbianOS/9.4; Series60/5.0 NokiaN97-1/20.0.019; Profile/MIDP-2.1 Configuration/CLDC-1.1) AppleWebKit/525 (KHTML, like Gecko) BrowserNG/7.1.18124",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0; HTC; Titan)",
    "UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",
    "NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",
    "Openwave/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",
    # iPhone 6:
    "Mozilla/6.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 8_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/536.26 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0 Mobile/10A5376e Safari/8536.25",

]
#随机生成请求头
new_headers = {"User-Agent": random.choice(user_agent)}
#生成请求对象
new_request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=new_headers)
#发出请求
new_result = new_opener.open(new_request)
#打印文件
print(new_result.read().decode())

 

  测试结果:

Python3---高级应用---代理爬虫_第1张图片

 

 

  0X0X;补充说明

  A;Handler处理器可以理解是用来发送和接收数据的模块。

    1、HTTPHandler() :没有任何特殊功能
    2、ProxyHandler(普通代理)
    代理: {"协议":"IP地址:端口号"}
    3、ProxyBasicAuthHandler(密码管理器对象) :私密代理
    4、HTTPBasicAuthHandler(密码管理器对象) : web客户端认证

  B;常见代理:西刺免费代理IP(http://www.xicidaili.com/)   

    免费短期代理网站分高匿和透明

    【高匿】:代表服务器追踪不到你原来的IP;

    【透明】:代表服务器可以追踪到你的代理IP和原来的IP;

    类型表示支持的类型:HTTP或者HTTPS

    【存活的时间】:表示在这个期间可用

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