TedTalk -- 我们错误的道德准则

Our buggy moral code

Ted Talk

关于对道德准则的错误的意识，这个演讲主要讲了如何通过意识上的认识来减少意识上错误的发生，同时减少未来制造的错误，比如作弊或者违规之类的行为。通过实际实验还有实验室实验的研究，关于“长痛不如短痛”这种想法是错误的，但是这种错误却没有被医院改进。在作弊的问题上，人们也会存在做傻事的因素在里头，比如经历中有过的作弊，还有人群普遍性导致的作弊，加上对于后果的顾虑的大小，都可能成为决定作弊行为的因素。还有一种情况就是群体里头的作弊，因为为了不让自己成为里头比较特别的一个。通常情况下，人们或多或少都是会在非常细微的层面上作弊，主要是因为他们自认为自己本身的能力一般来说都要比平均水平高，同时细微的作弊总是给他们一种不会又造成太大影响的假设。要预防这种情况的发生，从精神层面上来说要对物理层面上更加有效得多，学校或者其他的组织都会通过宗教的约束，比如对神的发誓；还有荣誉的条约，比如签订合同条约。

predictable irrationality --> irrational behavior

• Type of irrationality
  o Hospital: result: short duration and high intensity to minimize the pain
• Cheating: such as in stock market situation, if cheating doesn't matter, then people start to cheat a little bit and then increase the extension of cheating more and more
  o Cheat a lot/little: personal fudge factor: cheat with the impression
  o religious control/ honor code
  o norm of cheating: group cheating and know the result
  o generality: people cheat a little bit
  o reminding the morality: less in cheating
  o get bigger distance from cheating (forming the object of money): people cheat more
  o see things cheating around us, which is our in-group: cheat more
  o social environment:
  o behavioural economic: