因使用源码安装的MySQL5.7.28多实例，在导入数据库时会出现问题，所以重新研究使用mysql_multi的方法来管理多实例，经过测试环境验证之后，在各方面使用上特别在备份还原上，没有报MySQL5.7.28多实例的问题，踩了不少坑，这里我将我的部署过程分享下，如果在哪里出问题的，还请多多指正与指导，谢谢！！
关于mysql安装部署基础环境与配置可以参考文章：CentOS7.5源码安装MySQL5.7.28多实例
https://blog.51cto.com/8355320/2463218
本从就直接从2.7章节开始安装mysql多实例，具体部署过程如下：
2.7 安装mysql多实例
2.7.1. 创建软件安装目录(部署路径请根据实际修改)
[root@~]# mkdir -pv /data/mysql/{3306,3307}
[root@~]# mkdir -v /data/mysql/3306/{logs,data,binlog}
[root@~]# mkdir -v /data/mysql/3307/{logs,data,binlog}2.7.2. MySQL安装包下载
[root@~]# cd /opt
[root@~]# wget -c https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@~]# tar zxvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@~]# mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data2.7.3. MySQL参数配置
配置my.cnf参数文件
（1）server_id=3306与server_id=3307数值请根据实际配置，注意配置的id值与局域网内其他各实例所配置的数值不可以冲突；
（2）max_connections=1000配置MySQL数据库的最大连接数，根据实际需要配置，其他参数的优化根据实际需要修改或添加；
（3）配置文件全部内容如下
[root@~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
log = /data/mysql/mysqld_multi.log
#user=root
#pass=
[mysql]
prompt="\u@jsshapp \R:\m:\s [\d]> "
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld3306]
user = mysql
port = 3306
symbolic-links = 0
#basedir = /usr/
datadir = /data/mysql/3306/data
socket = /data/mysql/3306/mysql3306.sock
pid-file = /data/mysql/3306/mysqld3306.pid
server_id = 3306
character_set_server = utf8
max_connections = 1000
skip_name_resolve = 1
open_files_limit = 65536
thread_cache_size = 64
table_open_cache = 4096
table_definition_cache = 1024
table_open_cache_instances = 64
max_prepared_stmt_count = 1048576
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
log_timestamps = system
binlog_format = row
log_bin = /data/mysql/3306/binlog/mysql-bin
binlog_rows_query_log_events = on
expire_logs_days = 7
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size = 2G
max_binlog_size = 1G
sync_binlog = 1
log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
slow_query_log = on
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/data/slow.log
log-error = /data/mysql/3306/logs/error.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes = on
long_query_time = 1.000000
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = on
default_storage_engine = innodb
default_tmp_storage_engine = innodb
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend:max:2000M
innodb_temp_data_file_path = ibtmp1:12M:autoextend:max:2000M
innodb_buffer_pool_filename = ib_buffer_pool
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
innodb_online_alter_log_max_size = 1024M
innodb_open_files = 4096
innodb_page_size = 16k
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_purge_threads = 4
innodb_page_cleaners = 4
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = on
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 20
innodb_spin_wait_delay = 128
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2
innodb_io_capacity = 200
innodb_io_capacity_max = 2000
#innodb_flush_neighbors =
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_timeout = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 4
autocommit = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 25
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = ON
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = ON
[mysqld3307]
user = mysql
port = 3307
symbolic-links = 0
lower_case_table_names = 1
#basedir = /usr/
datadir = /data/mysql/3307/data
socket = /data/mysql/3307/mysql3307.sock
pid-file = /data/mysql/3307/mysqld3307.pid
server_id = 3307
character_set_server = utf8
max_connections = 1000
skip_name_resolve = 1
open_files_limit = 65536
thread_cache_size = 64
table_open_cache = 4096
table_definition_cache = 1024
table_open_cache_instances = 64
max_prepared_stmt_count = 1048576
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
log_timestamps = system
binlog_format = row
log_bin = /data/mysql/3307/binlog/mysql-bin
binlog_rows_query_log_events = on
expire_logs_days = 7
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size = 2G
max_binlog_size = 1G
sync_binlog = 1
slow_query_log = on
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/3307/data/slow.log
log-error = /data/mysql/3307/logs/error.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes = on
long_query_time = 1.000000
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = on
default_storage_engine = innodb
default_tmp_storage_engine = innodb
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend:max:2000M
innodb_temp_data_file_path = ibtmp1:12M:autoextend:max:2000M
innodb_buffer_pool_filename = ib_buffer_pool
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
innodb_online_alter_log_max_size = 1024M
innodb_open_files = 4096
innodb_page_size = 16k
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_purge_threads = 4
innodb_page_cleaners = 4
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = on
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 20
innodb_spin_wait_delay = 128
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2
innodb_io_capacity = 200
innodb_io_capacity_max = 2000
#innodb_flush_neighbors =
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_timeout = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 4
autocommit = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 25
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = ON
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = ON
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M2.7.4. 配置MySQL环境变量
[root@~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
[root@~]# tail -1 /etc/profile
[root@~]# source /etc/profile2.7.5. testone实例初始化
操作实例初始化
[root@~]# mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/3306/data/ > /tmp/3306.log 2>&1
[root@~]# tail -100f /tmp/3306.log---使用tail命令查看初始化日志，有出现如下内容，即表示初始化完成（其中#5+t+xYW+ 生成ssl文件 启动testone实例 ----使用tail命令查看启动日志，有出现即表示启动成功 修改root密码 验证 testone root用户统一密码（界面正常输出information_schema内容表示正常） 修改my.cnf配置文件，将修改的统一密码，添加到配置文件中 停止testone实例 2.7.6. testtwo实例初始化 ---使用tail命令查看初始化日志，有出现如下内容，即表示初始化完成（其中-pn>t;Ye)Ay6=I即为root用户的临时密码） 启动testwo实例 ----使用tail命令查看启动日志，有出现即表示启动成功 修改root密码 验证 testtwo root用户统一密码（界面正常输出information_schema内容表示正常） 停止testtwo实例 2.7.7. mysqld_multi多实例管理命令 停止单个实例 启动单个实例 查看全部实例的状态(is running) 查看单个实例状态 停止全部实例 2.7.8. 数据导入 （3）进入testone的mysql数据库创建testone数据库实例、用户名及密码并导入数据 （3）进入testtwo的mysql数据库，创建testtwo服务数据库实例、用户名与密码并导入数据 2.7.9. 防火墙配置 重新载入[root@~]# mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/3306/data[root@~]# mysqld_multi start 3306
[root@~]# tail -100f /data/mysql/3306/logs/error.log Version: '5.7.28-log' socket: '/data/mysql/3306/mysql3306.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)[root@~]# less /tmp/3306.log | grep 'A temporary password'
[root@~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql3306.sock
Enter password:
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '统一密码';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit;[root@~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql3306.sock -e "show databases;" | grep information_schema
Enter password:[root@~]# sed -i "s@^#user=root@user=root@g" /etc/my.cnf
[root@~]# sed -i "s@^#pass=@pass=统一密码@g" /etc/my.cnf
[root@~]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep pass= ---使用cat命令查看配置文件pass字段输出的结果是否一致[root@~]# mysqld_multi stop 3306
[root@~]# netstat -tnlp|grep 3306 ---输入结果为空表示服务停止正常
操作实例初始化[root@~]# mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/3307/data/ > /tmp/3307.log 2>&1
[root@~]# tail -100f /tmp/3307.log
A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: -pn>t;Ye)Ay6=I
生成ssl文件[root@~]# mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/3307/data[root@~]# mysqld_multi start 3307[root@~]# tail -100f /data/mysql/3307/logs/error.log
Version: '5.7.28-log' socket: '/data/mysql/3307/mysql3307.sock' port: 3307 MySQL Community Server (GPL)[root@~]# less /tmp/3307.log|grep 'A temporary password'
[root@~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/3307/mysql3307.sock
Enter password:
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '统一密码';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit;[root@~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/3307/mysql3307.sock -e "show databases;" | grep information_schema
Enter password:[root@~]# mysqld_multi stop 3307
[root@~]# netstat -tnlp|grep 3307 ---输入结果为空表示服务停止正常
启动全部实例[root@~]# mysqld_multi start[root@~]# mysqld_multi stop 3306
[root@~]# mysqld_multi stop 3307[root@~]# mysqld_multi start 3306
[root@~]# mysqld_multi start 3307[root@~]# mysqld_multi report
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running[root@~]# mysqld_multi report 3306
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running
[root@~]# mysqld_multi report 3307
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running[root@~]# mysqld_multi stop
（1）将待导入的数据库脚本（test.sql、testtwo.sql）文件（名称根据实际情况操作）上传至/data/路径下
（2）使用命令确认两实例已经处于运行状态[root@~]# mysqld_multi report
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running[root@~]# cd /data/
[root@~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql3306.sock
Enter password:
mysql>create database testone default character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
mysql> grant select,insert,update,delete,create,alter,execute on testone.* to 'testone'@'%' identified by '密码';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit
[root@~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql3306.sock testone < /data/test.sql[root@~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/3307/mysql3307.sock
Enter password:
mysql> create database testtwo default character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
mysql> grant select,insert,update,delete,create,alter,execute on testtwo.* to 'testtwo'@'%' identified by '密码';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit
[root@~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/3307/mysql3307.sock testtwo < /data/testtwo.sql
根据实际要求，添加开放端口[root@~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
[root@~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3307/tcp --permanent[root@~]# firewall-cmd --reload