雅思写作中如何利用状语从句拿分
朗阁海外考试研究中心
在雅思写作考试中，状语从句的使用能起到非常明显的强调突出作用，如何利用状语从句拿高分呢？本文中，朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家将重点讲解在雅思写作中容易拿分的四大从句。
状语从句在从句中充当状语成分，也就是在文章排除主谓宾的情况下所存在的成分。状语在一个句子里的作用有时间、目的、地点、原因、结果、让步、条件、方式等，所以状语从句就是表示上述作用的从句。
一、原因状语从句
能引导原因状语从句的词汇有：because，as，since，inthat
例如：
World food outputper head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980smainly as a
result of increases in yields from land already in cultivationbut also
becausemore land has been brought under plough.
在20世纪70以及80年代，平均每人的食物产量增加了4%，主要是因为现有的耕地食物产量增加，还有一个原因是越来越多的土地被用来耕地。
The removal ofsubsidies stopped land-clearing and over-stocking,because they in thepast had been the principal causes of soil erosion.
因为津贴的废除，导致开荒毁林以及过度放牧的停止，曾经这是水土流失的主要原因。
Such fuel crops areless likely to contribute to the greenhouse effectasthey produce farless carbon dioxide, and absorb carbon dioxide as they grow.
这样的燃料作物相比之下更不太可能导致温室效应，因为燃烧他们产生的二氧化碳更少并且在这些作物的成长过程中会吸收二氧化碳。
从以上句子中可以看出，原因状语从句的引导词后面接的是一个完整的句子，不能缺少任何的主谓宾成分，并且因为、所以不能同时出现在一个句子里面，有了because就不可以再出现so了，反之亦然。
注：如果能用because of就不要用because。介词词组相比与连词的优势在于because of后面接词组，这就要求考生能将自己的句子进行凝缩。
介词词组有：because of, dueto, as a result of, thanks to, owing to
二、结果状语从句
能引导结果状语从句的词汇有：so...that...
These remarkablebeetles have evolved and adapted so successfullyto the localenvironmentthat they have reached their natural boundaries.
这些甲壳虫进化以及适应当地的环境如此之快以至于他们的数量已经到达了自然界能到达的最大值。
The tuition feeincreasesso rapidly thatmany students take part-time jobs to lightenthe financial burden of their parents.
教育费用增加如此之快以至于很多的学生参加兼职去减少父母的经济负担。
以上两个句子是最基本的句型，写作中可以采用这个基本句型的升级版，将之改为倒装句：
So
successfullyhave these remarkablebeetles evolved and adapted to the local environmentthat they havereached their natural boundaries.
So
rapidly does the tuition fee increase that manystudents take part-time jobs to lighten the financial burden of their families.
将so提前，that后面的句子不发生任何其他的变化。倒装句共四种形式：
[if !supportLists]1. [endif]Heis so tall that he cannot sit in the first row.
改成So tall is he thathe cannotsit in the first row.
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]Hecan do it so quickly that he earns most.
改成So quickly can he do it thatheearns most.
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]Hehas done it so quickly that he gets the prize from the manager.
改成So
quickly has he done it thathe gets the prizefrom the manager.
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]Hegets the highest mark so easily that he often looks down upon those industriousstudents.
改成So
easily does he get the highest mark thathe often looks down upon those industrious students.
把动词分成四种，前三种（系动词、情态动词以及完成时态）将系动词、情态动词以及构成完成时态的助动词（have，has，had）倒装；第四种实义动词，用助动词do以及其变体进行倒装。
三、时间状语从句
常用的时间状语从句：not...until，since，as
soon as，hardly...when，nosooner...than...
这里重点讲解hardly...when...，以及nosooner...than...
Ihad hardly gotback to the kitchen when the telephone rang.（过去完成时，过去时）
我刚离开厨房，电话就响了。
改成倒装句：
Hardly had I gotback to the kitchen when the telephone rang.
Hardly had the newsspread around the country when the president came up with another idea to get ahigher efficiency.
四、条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的词：if，provided
that，providingthat
If the governmenttakes immediate steps to curb this situation, the general public will trust thegovernment again.
可以将if改成provided
that，也可以改成providing
that。
注：if除了可以表示条件之外，还可以表示虚拟。条件是可以实现而虚拟表示与事实相反，不可能实现。
[if !supportLists]1) [endif]与现在相反
If he did it, he
would become successfully. 从句用过去式，主句用情态动词的过去时。
If I were you, I
would do it. Be动词的虚拟形态只能用were，不管主语是单数或复数。
If it were not forthe beetles, chemical fertilizer would be washed by rain into streams andrivers before it could be absorbed into the hard earth, polluting water coursesand causing blooms of blue-algae.
[if !supportLists]2) [endif]与过去相反
If he had done the
task, he would have got the award. 从句用过去完成时，主句用情态动词的过去时+完成时。
[if !supportLists]3) [endif]与将来相反
If someone shouldcall me, leave me a message.
If he came here, hewould take some gifts to me.
在写作中，比较实用的是表示现在相反以及过去事实相反。并且在表示虚拟的句型中，有三个句型可以进行倒装。
If I were you, Iwould do it.
改成Were I you, Iwould do it.
If he had done thetask, he would have got the award.
改成Had hedone the task, he would have got the award.
If someone shouldcall me, leave me a message.
改成Should someonecall me, leave me a message.
总之，各位考生要注意一点，写作文不止要写从句，而且要将从句写得出彩，这样才能吸引眼球，获取高分。