vim配置分享

先放一个按本文配置好的效果图~

示意图

  在大部分的linux系统中，vim的配置文件包括系统配置文件/etc/vimrc，/user/share/vim/，以及用户配置文件~/.vimrc， ~/.vim/。由于用户配置文件加载顺序在后，因此仅需添加相关配置在用户配置文件中。

  下面是.vimrc的一个配置。

" .vimrc
" See: http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/options.html for details

" For multi-byte character support (CJK support, for example):
" set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936,big5,euc-jp,euc-kr,gb18030,latin1
       
set tabstop=4       " Number of spaces that a  in the file counts for.
 
set shiftwidth=4    " Number of spaces to use for each step of (auto)indent.
 
set expandtab       " Use the appropriate number of spaces to insert a .
                    " Spaces are used in indents with the '>' and '<' commands
                    " and when 'autoindent' is on. To insert a real tab when
                    " 'expandtab' is on, use CTRL-V .
 
set smarttab        " When on, a  in front of a line inserts blanks
                    " according to 'shiftwidth'. 'tabstop' is used in other
                    " places. A  will delete a 'shiftwidth' worth of space
                    " at the start of the line.
 
set showcmd         " Show (partial) command in status line.

set number          " Show line numbers.

set showmatch       " When a bracket is inserted, briefly jump to the matching
                    " one. The jump is only done if the match can be seen on the
                    " screen. The time to show the match can be set with
                    " 'matchtime'.
 
set hlsearch        " When there is a previous search pattern, highlight all
                    " its matches.
 
set incsearch       " While typing a search command, show immediately where the
                    " so far typed pattern matches.
 
set ignorecase      " Ignore case in search patterns.
 
set smartcase       " Override the 'ignorecase' option if the search pattern
                    " contains upper case characters.
 
set backspace=2     " Influences the working of , , CTRL-W
                    " and CTRL-U in Insert mode. This is a list of items,
                    " separated by commas. Each item allows a way to backspace
                    " over something.
 
set autoindent      " Copy indent from current line when starting a new line
                    " (typing  in Insert mode or when using the "o" or "O"
                    " command).
 
set textwidth=79    " Maximum width of text that is being inserted. A longer
                    " line will be broken after white space to get this width.
 
set formatoptions=c,q,r,t " This is a sequence of letters which describes how
                    " automatic formatting is to be done.
                    "
                    " letter    meaning when present in 'formatoptions'
                    " ------    ---------------------------------------
                    " c         Auto-wrap comments using textwidth, inserting
                    "           the current comment leader automatically.
                    " q         Allow formatting of comments with "gq".
                    " r         Automatically insert the current comment leader
                    "           after hitting  in Insert mode. 
                    " t         Auto-wrap text using textwidth (does not apply
                    "           to comments)
 
set ruler           " Show the line and column number of the cursor position,
                    " separated by a comma.
 
set background=dark " When set to "dark", Vim will try to use colors that look
                    " good on a dark background. When set to "light", Vim will
                    " try to use colors that look good on a light background.
                    " Any other value is illegal.
 
set mouse=a         " Enable the use of the mouse.
 
filetype plugin indent on
syntax on

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  以上是对vim中文本的一些基础配置，包括语法高亮，缩进格式等。如果需要对代码格式进行调整，实现自动排版，那么需要用到vim的其他插件，这里分享一个代码格式化框架vim-autoformat。在安装插件之前，需要用到一个工具Vundle，Vundle是一个vim插件管理.器，安装方法自行阅读链接啦，很简单这里不再赘述了。

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  安装好Vundle后再来安vim-autoformat就很简单了，只需在.vimrc中加入一行:Plugin 'Chiel92/vim-autoformat',再重启vim，执行:PluginInstall即可完成安装。可以看到，利用Vundle来装插件非常方便。
  vim-autoformat是一个格式化框架，各种语言风格检查工具都能支持。以C++为例，clang-format是一种用于优美代码的工具，这里可能有同学会问到，既然有了clang-format，为什么还需要vim-autoformat呢？其实这里vim-autoformat是相当于将原本独立的clang-format集成到了vim中，没有它，也就只能单独运行clang-format来格式化代码，这显然是不直观的。在ubuntu下安装clang-format也非常的方便，只需运行

sudo apt-get install clang-format

安装完毕后只需在.vimrc末尾，添加

"F3自动格式化代码
noremap  :Autoformat
let g:autoformat_verbosemode=1

这样就可以实现在vim中按F3自动格式化代码了。如果想自定义格式化方式或者是在保存文件时自动格式化，也有对应配置，这里就不再赘述了。到这里，已经实现了一些入门级的配置vim来写C++。然而C++各种模板类库繁多，或是在一个大的项目中函数名变量名众多，不太可能记得所有的API，因此自动进行代码补全，提示语法错误是十分有必要的。这里分享一个插件叫YouCompleteMe，利用Vundle执行

Plugin 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'

之后重启vim执行:PluginInstall，在 ~ /.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe文件中运行./install.sh --clang-completer，这里如果你报错了，问题不大，点开上面链接，安装依赖吧~
最后需要把路徑加入.vimrc中~

let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf='~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py'

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完毕